首页 > 论文期刊知识库 > 昆虫论文的参考文献

昆虫论文的参考文献

发布时间:

昆虫论文的参考文献

参考文献达尔文,物种起源

catchinginsects(现在进行时)catchinsects(一般形态)

就是参考文献中的第二、第三以及后面的著者都要列出,不能省略,参考文献的顺序按照英文字母升序排列

研究昆虫控制的文章Athenix and Monsanto Announce Collaboration on Research for Insect ControlRESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC and ST LOUIS, June 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Athenix C and Monsanto Company today announced they have entered into a three-year research collaboration for insect control on a key class of insects that affects a number of Monsanto's major crops of Financial terms of the agreement were not "We are pleased to work with the market leader in crop genetics to bring our technical capabilities to commercialization," said Mike Koziel, chief executive officer for A "Working with Monsanto to discover novel genes for controlling insect pests increases options for farmers and allows Athenix to demonstrate the power of its integrated discovery platforms for new biotech traits," said Nick Duck, vice president of research at A Athenix will apply its expertise in microbial screening and genomics to facilitate gene discovery intended to help protect crops such as cotton, soybeans and corn against a common class of insects known as H Hemipteran insects include Lygus, a pest of cotton, and stinkbug, a pest of "This collaboration will work to offer an essential benefit to our farmer customers by providing insect protection in crops such as corn, cotton and soybeans against the piercing and sucking Insect tolerant crops allow growers to spray less pesticide, making their operations more efficient and at the same time stewarding the environment," said Robert T Fraley, PD, Monsanto executive vice president and chief technology "We're excited to collaborate with Athenix to help broaden grower's options for insect " About Athenix: Athenix is a leading biotechnology company that develops novel products and technologies for agricultural and industrial applications, including biofuels and Athenix has established an outstanding intellectual property portfolio and market access ability around enhanced plants, microbes, genes, enzymes, and processes with emphasis on two major markets: 1) novel agricultural traits for growers such as insect resistance, nematode resistance, herbicide tolerance, and their use for the crop production industry; and 2) the discovery of genes and proteins for use in the sustainable chemical industry with a focus on biofuels like ethanol and other natural Biological control of locusts New weapons for old enemiesDuring the 1988 desert locust plague, swarms crossed the Atlantic from Mauritania to the Caribbean, flying 5 000 kilometres in 10 Scientists were stumped because migrating swarms normally come down to rest every But locusts can’t swim, so how could it be? It turned out that the swarms were coming down at sea – on any ships they could find, but also in the water The first ones in all drowned but their corpses made rafts for the other ones to rest Since the dawn of agriculture more than 10 000 years ago mankind has had to deal with a resourceful and fearless enemy, Schistocerca gregaria, the desert Normally loners, every so often these natives of the deserts from West Africa to India turn into vast, voracious swarms that leave hunger and poverty behind them wherever they Throughout history, farmers and governments have made attempts to repel the bands and swarms of locusts by collecting insects, creating noise, making smoke and burying and burning the But all of this had little With swarms sometimes extending for hundreds of kilometres, and containing billions of individuals, they conquered by sheer force of Health concernsIt has long puzzled humans where these animals came from and where they Only in the mid-20th century was it realized that the light brown solitary desert-dwelling insect was the same species as the red and yellow locusts of the Only when its biology was understood and chemical pesticides and aerial spraying became available a few decades ago, could efforts be made to control the But large-scale pesticide use also raised real concerns for human health and the On the seventh-floor Emergency Centre for Locust Operations (ECLO) at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Keith Cressman, FAO's locust forecaster, checks current environmental conditions and locust population data from the three computer screens on his The last big locust upsurge ended early in 2005 and the current alert level is green or The experts at FAO’s ECLO are readying to fight the next round in the age-old battle against locusts – wherever and whenever that may “The next time,” says Cressman, “we’ll fight with new tools” New bio-control agents Recent advances in biological control research, coupled with improved surveillance and intelligence, could make a big difference when the next round in the battle is Such products could make it possible to sharply reduce the amount of chemical pesticides One promising avenue is research currently under way at the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in N An ICIPE team headed by a Zanzibar-born chemical ecologist, Ahmed Hassanali, has identified and synthesized a specific locust pheromone, or chemical signal, that can be used against young locusts with devastating Phenylacetonitrile, or PAN for short, normally governs swarming behaviour in adult males who also use it to warn other males to leave them in peace while they But, Hassanali found it has startlingly different results on juvenile wingless locusts, known as Hopper bandsJust as adult locusts form swarms, hoppers will, given the right conditions, stop behaving as individuals and line up in marauding bands up to 5 kilometres They are only slightly less voracious than adults, who eat their own weight of food every In three separate field trials – the most recent in Sudan last year – Hassanali’s team showed that even minute doses of PAN could stop hopper bands dead in their tracks and make them break PAN caused the insects to resume solitary Confused and disoriented, some lost their appetite altogether, while others turned cannibal and ate one Any survivors were easy prey for What makes PAN particularly attractive is that the dose needed is only a fraction – typically less than 10 millilitres per hectare – of the quantities of chemical or biological This translates into substantially lower costs – 50 cents per hectare as opposed to US$12 for chemical pesticides and $15-20 for other bio-control That is clearly a major consideration in the countries in the front line – many of them among the world’s Green Muscle A different, but also highly effective biological approach is Green Muscle ®, a bio-pesticide developed by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture’s biological control centre in Cotonou, Benin, and manufactured in South A Green Muscle ® contains spores of the naturally occurring fungus Metarhizium anisopliae acridum, which germinate on the skin of locusts and penetrate through their The fungus then destroys the locust's tissues from the This is definitely not good news for locusts, but the fungus has no effect on other life A product similar to Green Muscle ® is already successfully used in Australia, but the latter's introduction in Africa and Asia is being slowed by several These include a need for further large-scale trials, official approval of the product in several countries, and a relatively short shelf-life in its normal ready-to-spray liquid One drawback is that it takes days to kill the It is also relatively expensive and large-scale production would need to be A solution would be to store the product in powder form and dilute it just before Hassanali’s team has also shown that, if used in combination with a small amount of PAN, only a quarter of the normal dose of Green Muscle ® is Insect Growth RegulatorsAlso being readied for the modern locust fighter’s armoury is a class of products known as Insect Growth Regulators, or IGRs, which influence the ability of hoppers to moult and grow They have no direct toxic effects on IGRs are effective for several weeks after application and can be used in so-called barrier In this method only narrow swathes of the product are applied, perpendicular to the direction of the marching hopper Only 10 percent of the amount used in blanket treatment is After marching over one or two barriers the hoppers absorb enough product to die while As with PAN and Green Muscle ®, however, IGRs need to be aimed at locusts at an early stage in their lives, before they take to the That, in turn, requires an advanced level of surveillance and intelligence-gathering to make sure that any locust concentrations are nipped in the eLocust2Although back at ECLO Keith Cressman has satellites, computers and mathematical models at his disposal, the weak link in the chain has been the time it takes to get good information from the The mobile ground teams whose job it is to keep tabs on locust populations have to work in some of the world’s remotest, hottest and sometimes (for environmental and security reasons) most hostile A week or more might go by before a report from, say, the central Sahara, reached Cressman’s By that time the locusts – “They don’t need visas,” he says – would quite likely have moved to another country or continent This will soon change Field teams are now being issued with special hand-held devices to record vital locust and environmental data and relay them back to their own headquarters and on to Rome in real Developed by the French Space Agency CNES, the eLocust2 device is able to bounce the information off communications satellites and have the data arrive in the National Locust Control Centre in the affected country a few minutes later, from where they are passed on to Cressman for In case of unusually heavy hopper concentrations, immediate action can be taken to make sure that the locusts never grow old enough to Back to the fieldWriting in Science magazine, locust expert Martin Enserink gave the following graphic description of a locust population gone out of control:“On a beautiful November morning (in Morocco) it’s clear, even from afar, that something’s terribly wrong with the trees around this tiny They are covered with a pinkish-red gloss, as if their leaves were changing "As you get closer, the hue becomes a wriggling mass; a giant cap of insects on every tree, devouring the tiny Get closer still and you’ll hear a soft drizzle: the steady stream of locust droppings falling to the ” Such nightmare visions, and locust plagues with them, may one day be a thing of the

昆虫学参考文献

云南大学2004和2005年动物学研究生的遗传学的参考书目由赵寿元、乔守怡主编,2003年版,高教出版社,《现代遗传学》。刘祖洞著《遗传学》高教出版社。

就是参考文献中的第二、第三以及后面的著者都要列出,不能省略,参考文献的顺序按照英文字母升序排列

目的:蜜蜂有没有辨认方向的能力结论:经过反复的实验后,认定蜜蜂真正发声器应该是双翅根部下的两个小黑点,并撰写出科学论文《蜜蜂并不是靠翅膀振动发声》。

夏天老鼠,蛇,蜘蛛大量活动。值得警惕。家附近有植物的,也需小心掉落毛毛虫,在衣服上,引发过敏。老鼠大家都知道,蛇,需要随时关好门窗,不要在墙根留洞。蜘蛛,经常打理天花板,墙角落。

昆虫记参考文献

飞蝗泥蜂刚刚向我们表明,它在自己无意识的启发下,也就是在本能的指引下,行动是多么正确无误,技术多么卓越;现在它将向我们表明,当发生哪怕只是微微偏离习惯道路的情况时,它的办法是多么缺乏,它的智慧是多么局限,它甚至是不合逻辑。这便是本能的才干所具有的特征。这是一种奇怪的矛盾:高深的技能与同样深深的无知联系在一起。出于本能,不管困难多大,无论什么都可能办到。——第一卷 第十二章 还有一个。我也我开始所说的话作为结束。在业也指明的道路上,昆虫的本能是无所不知的;而超出这条道路,本能便什么也不会了。根据是在正常的条件下还是在偶然的条件行事,昆虫的表现或是充满杰出的本领,或是不合逻辑蠢得惊人,而这两者都是他的天赋。——第一卷 第十二章

看了《昆虫记》后,这本书使我十分着迷, 原来昆虫世界有这么多的奥秘,我知道了:凌晨,蝉是怎样脱壳;屎壳螂是如何滚粪球的;蚂蚁是怎样去吃蚜虫的分泌物。还弄清了:“螟蛉之子”是错误的,蜂抓青虫不是当成自己的儿子养,而是为自己的后代安排食物。第一次读《昆虫记》,不知怎么的它就吸引了我。这是一部描述昆虫们生育、劳作、狩猎与死亡的科普书,平实的文字,清新自然;幽默的叙述,惹人捧腹……人性化的虫子们翩然登场,多么奇异、有趣的故事啊!法布尔的《昆虫记》,让我没有梦幻感,那些具体而详细的文字,不时让我感觉到放大镜、潮湿、星辰,还有虫子气味的存在,仿佛置身于现场一样。被我忽视太久了的昆虫的身影,及它们嚣张的鸣叫,一下子聚拢过来,我屏住呼吸,然后,凭它们穿透了我心灵的幽暗。是法布尔,让我看到了昆虫跟我们人类在生与死,劳动与掠夺等许多问题上都有着惊人的相似。《昆虫记》不是作家创造出来的世界,它不同于小说,它们是最基本的事实!是法布尔生活的每一天每一夜,是独自的,安静的,几乎与世隔绝的寂寞与艰辛。我仰起了头,这一刻,我非常想仰起我的头,像仰望星空一样,来对待昆虫们存在的奥秘。它使我第一次进入了一个生动的昆虫世界。 于是,我接着往下看《昆虫记》。 接着往下看,《昆虫记》是一个个有趣的故事:“螳螂是一种十分凶残的动物,然而在它刚刚拥有生命的初期,也会牺牲在个头儿最小的蚂蚁的魔爪下。”蜘蛛织网,“即使用了圆规、尺子之类的工具,也没有一个设计家能画出一个比这更规范的网来”, 丰富的故事情节使我浮想联翩。 看着看着,这些虫子们渐渐地清晰起来,我思考着:如果我们保护环境,不污染环境,这些虫子是不是还会在呢?现在的环境恶化,又是不是在以后还会有呢?我仔细地想着这彼此之间的关系,这一次的阅读,《昆虫记》为我打开了一扇全新的门。 当我继续阅读《昆虫记》时,我看到法布尔细致入微地观察毛虫的旅行,我看到他不顾危险捕捉黄蜂,我看到他大胆假设、谨慎实验、反复推敲实验过程与数据,一步一步推断高鼻蜂毒针的作用时间与效果,萤的捕食过程,捕蝇蜂处理猎物的方法,孔雀蛾的远距离联络……一次实验失败了,他收集数据、分析原因,转身又设计下一次。严谨的实验方法,大胆的质疑精神,勤勉的作风。这一次,我感觉到了 “科学精神”及其博大精深的内涵。昆虫学家法布尔以人性关照虫性,千辛万苦写出传世巨著《昆虫记》,为人间留下一座富含知识、趣味、美感和思想的散文宝藏。它行文生动活泼,语调轻松诙谐,充满了盎然的情趣。在作者的笔下,杨柳天牛像个吝啬鬼,身穿一件似乎"缺了布料"的短身燕尾礼服;小甲虫"为它的后代作出无私的奉献,为儿女操碎了心";而被毒蜘蛛咬伤的小麻雀,也会"愉快地进食,如果我们喂食动作慢了,他甚至会像婴儿般哭闹"。多么可爱的小生灵!难怪鲁迅把《昆虫记》奉为"讲昆虫生活"的楷模。 我叹服法布尔为探索大自然付出的精神,让我感受到了昆虫与环境息息相关,又让我感受到了作者的独具匠心和细微的观察。《昆虫记》让我眼界开阔了,看待问题的角度不一样了,理解问题的深度也将超越以往。我觉得 《昆虫记》是值得一生阅读的好书, 我想无论是谁,只要认真地阅读一下 《昆虫记》,读出滋味,读出感想,一定可以知道得更多。

它们身体鼓鼓的,像半粒豌豆,鞘翅光滑或有绒毛,通常黑色的鞘翅上有红色或黄色的斑纹,或红色、黄色的鞘翅上有黑色的斑纹,但有些瓢虫,鞘翅黄色、红色或棕色,没有斑点,这些鲜艳的颜色具有警戒的做用,可以吓退天敌。 品析:这段话是《昆虫记》中描写虫子的一段话,通过比喻,列举等修辞手法,生动形象的将昆虫的样子展现在读者眼前,将它们“可以吓退天敌”的原因淋漓尽致得表现了出来,起到点明主旨的作用。 ok?虽然很少先用着

摘要:汉语成语中涉及到白蚁、蜉蝣、蜻蜓、虱、蚤、螳螂、蝼蛄、螽斯、蟋蟀、蝉、天牛、萤、蝶、蛾、蠖、蜂、蚁、蝇、蚊、虻、蠓类等昆虫类群,以涉及蜂、蚁、蝇的成语最多。成语中有些昆虫名称现已不常用或与现在的昆虫名称意思不同,如蜩、螗、螓、蚍蜉、(蝤)蛴、蛩、醯鸡等,文中进行了解释。文章还分析了成语所反映的昆虫形态学特征、生物学特性及某些成语不符合科学的地方。 关键词:汉语成语;昆虫;形态学;生物学;解释 昆虫在地球上所有动物中所占比例最大,与人类的关系也非常密切,这一点从汉语成语中也可看出。目前收录汉语成语较多的词典中成语总数为2~4万个,据笔者统计,其中由昆虫的行为、习性或形态而转义生成的成语约占1%,其比例远远高于涉及其他动物的成语。本文介绍对涉及昆虫的汉语成语进行搜索、统计的结果,并对成语中的特殊的昆虫名称及昆虫的形态学特征、生物学特性进行解释。 成语涉及的昆虫类群及相关成语的比例 经过对30000多条汉语成语的搜索和归纳发现,汉语成语中可考证的昆虫类群有:等翅目(白蚁);蜉蝣目;蜻蜓目;虱目;蚤目;螳螂目;直翅目的蝼蛄类、螽斯类、蟋蟀类;同翅目的蝉类;鞘翅目的萤类、天牛类;鳞翅目的蝶类、蛾类;膜翅目的蜂类、蚁类;双翅目的蝇类、蚊类、虻类、蠓类等。涉及这些类群的成语共约255个。另外,还有涉及“虫(虫)”和“蠹”的成语共约60个。 对上述255个成语,按所涉及类群统计其比例,结果如图1。(因“虫(虫)”不一定是昆虫,即使是昆虫也无法确定所指何类群;“蠹”泛指“蛀虫”,也无法确定所指何类群。所以含“虫(虫)”或“蠹”的成语未统计在内。) 2 成语中特殊的昆虫名称解释 由于汉语成语多来自古语,其中有些昆虫名称与现在常用的名称不同,甚至很少为现代大众所知。现将有这一类成语中有代表性的列出来,并综合多种资料对其中的昆虫名称进行解释。 1 蜩螗沸羹 蜩为蝉类的别名;螗是蝉的一种,体小,背青绿色,鸣声清圆。“蜩螗沸羹” 指如蝉鸣和沸汤翻滚,表示纷扰不宁的意思。 2 猬锋螗斧 此成语中的“螗”与前一成语中不同,应为“螗螂”即“螳螂”的简称。“螗斧”即“螳斧”。“螳斧”即螳螂的前足,因常高举如人执斧之形,故名。“猬锋”指刺猬的刺。“猬锋螗斧”比喻渺小的力量。 3 螓首蛾眉 螓为蝉的一种,体小、方头广额、有花纹。“螓首蛾眉”形容女子面容之美。 4 蚍蜉撼树 蚍蜉为大蚂蚁。 5 楚腰蛴领 这里的“蛴”指“蝤蛴”即天牛幼虫。在现代“蛴”一般指蛴螬,即金龟甲之幼虫。“楚腰蛴领”形容女子体态苗条,脖子美白。 6 蝶怨蛩凄 “蛩”指蟋蟀或蝗虫。“蝶怨蛩凄”喻哀怨凄清的思家之情。在现代昆虫学名称中,“蛩”见于“蛩蠊目”,是一类在我国很少见的昆虫。 7 井蛙醯鸡 醯鸡为在酒醋或变酸的酒上活动的蠓或蚋类昆虫。“井蛙醯鸡”比喻眼界不广,见识浅薄。 8 蛾附蜂屯 此处“蛾”通“蚁”。“蛾附蜂屯” 指像蚂蚁和蜜蜂一样聚集,形容纷纭杂乱。 汉语成语中昆虫的形态学、生物学和生态学特性 汉语成语中采用昆虫的形态学、生物学和生态学特性来转喻人或事,其中利用昆虫生物学特性的成语占多数。 1 汉语成语中昆虫的形态学特点 部分汉语成语明确地应用了某些昆虫的体型、体形、体色、头型、复眼、喙、触角、翅、足等部分的形态学特征。少数涉虫成语中所用何种昆虫或何部位则不够明确。兹考证、归纳如下。 1 体型 汉语成语中的昆虫多数体型较小,2 借此表示微不3 足道的人和事,4 有的还自不5 量力。如“蚍蜉撼树”、“蝇头小利”、 “蝇名6 蜗利”、“蚊虻负山”、“鹪巢蚊睫”、“蚊虻过耳”等。 7 体形 膜翅目细腰亚目中的多数蜂类胸部和腹部连接处很狭窄,8 称“细腰”,9 成语中借喻人的体态修长或细弱。如“蜂腰削背”、“蜂腰猿背”、“蜂腰鹤膝”等。 10 体色 天牛幼虫体色洁白,11 成语中用来比喻女子的脖颈美白。 如“楚腰蛴领” 。 12 头型 蝉方头广额,13 成语中用来形容女子的面容。如“螓首蛾眉”等。 14 复15 眼 胡蜂的复16 眼较突出,17 且腹末有毒刺,18 成语中借以形容人的相貌凶恶、丑陋,19 性情凶狠。如“蜂目豺声”等。 20 喙 蝉的口器为刺吸式口器,21 下唇22 特化为喙管,23 内藏上、下颚特化而24 成的口针,25 平常喙紧贴在胸部腹面,26 象古代冠带在颔下打结后的下垂部分。成语“蝉緌蟹匡”中的“蝉緌”即为此意。“蝉緌蟹匡”比喻相互矛盾或名27 不28 副实。 29 触角 成语“螓首蛾眉” 中的“蛾眉”本指30 蛾类细长弧形的触角,31 比喻女子漂亮的眉毛。 32 翅 蝉的翅轻、薄而33 透明。成语“蝉衫麟带”中的“蝉衫”指34 薄绢制成的衣衫。“蝉衫麟带”比喻飘逸华美的服35 装;“蝉翼为重,36 千钧为轻”形容是非混淆。 37 足 螳螂的前足为捕捉足,38 看上去很厉害,39 但与强大的力量相比,40 自然是相形见绌。成语“猬锋螗斧”、“蛮睫螳轮”、“螳臂挡车”中都提到螳螂的前足,41 且都比喻自不42 量力。 43 其他 成语“鹪巢蚊睫”、“虫巢蚊睫”、“蛮睫螳轮”中都有“(蚊)睫”。“蚊睫”或“睫”又称“蚊眉”。其实蚊子并没有真正的睫毛或眉毛。“鹪巢蚊睫”只是一个传说而44 已,45 “蚊睫”或 “蚊眉”只是古人杜撰出来的,46 用于比喻一种极其狭小的处所。如果一定要说有“蚊睫”或 “蚊眉”的话,47 那只能是指48 蚊复49 眼上方的刚毛丛了。 2 汉语成语中昆虫的生物学特性 汉语成语中所用到的昆虫生物学特性有变态、食性、取食方式、群集性、趋性、筑巢、做茧、发声、发光、自卫、寿命、产卵场所和方式等。 1 变态 昆虫一生中要经过若干次蜕皮、变态。成语“金蝉脱壳”借蝉若虫蜕皮变为成虫比喻用计摆脱对手的追查;“蛛游蜩化” 借蜘蛛的游网和蝉的蜕变比喻技艺熟练。 2 食性 螳螂为著名3 的捕食性昆虫,4 “螳螂捕蝉,5 黄雀在后”等成语从侧面反映这一点;有些昆虫是腐食性的,6 因此有“物腐虫生”的成语,7 现比喻祸患的产生必有其内部原因。 8 取食方式 蚕幼虫口器为咀嚼式,9 能一点一点地咬食桑叶,10 所以成语“蚕食鲸吞”中的“蚕食”形容象蚕一样逐步侵吞别人的利益;有些昆虫如蠹类能钻蛀木头等,11 成语“鼠啮蠹蚀”等反映了这一点,12 “神奸巨蠹”则形容大奸人,13 “蠹国害民”中的“蠹”则转意为祸害国家的行为;蝉的口器属吸收式,14 只能吸进液态食物,而15 不16 能大嚼树的枝叶,17 古人认为蝉只饮露水,18 必定象长时间不19 吃东西的龟那样空腹细肠,20 因此用“蝉腹龟肠”比喻忍饥挨饿的穷困处境。 21 群集性 有些昆虫尤其是社会性昆虫往往大量个体聚集在一起,22 成语借以比喻人的聚集,23 如“猬集蚁聚”、“蜂合蚁聚”、“蚁萃螽集”等。 24 趋性 昆虫有各种趋性,25 这在汉语成语中也有所反映,26 如“如蚁附膻”、“蚁附蝇集”、“以鱼驱蝇”、“飞蛾扑火”、“逐臭之夫”、“招蜂引蝶”等。其中有些亦与昆虫食性有关。 27 筑巢 有些昆虫尤其社会性昆虫能筑巢。土栖性白蚁营巢于土中,28 能使堤 坝中产生空洞,29 危害其安全。成语“千里之堤,30 溃于蚁穴”用来比喻不31 注意小问题就会酿成大患。 32 做茧 有些昆虫能做茧,33 如蚕会吐丝作茧,34 人类自古就懂得加以利用。成语“作茧自缚”比喻人自扰自困;“剥茧抽丝”比喻喻根据顺序寻求事物的发生发展过程;“独茧抽丝”比喻诗文条理分明,35 脉络清晰或单方思慕。 36 发声 有些昆虫能发出鸣声。成语“蝶怨蛩凄”、“噤若寒蝉”、“仗马寒蝉”、“蜩螗沸羹”、“蛙鸣蝉噪”、“蝉喘雷乾”等用昆虫不同37 的鸣声或停止鸣叫比喻人的不同38 心情和情态或环境;“聚蚊成雷”比喻众口嚣喧,39 积小成大。 40 发光 有些昆虫能发光,41 如“映雪囊萤”中的萤火虫。 42 自卫 有些昆虫有自卫本领,43 如胡蜂用产卵器变成的毒针蜇44 刺敌人。成语中多转意为狠毒,45 不46 可小视。如“狼猛蜂毒”、“蜂虿有毒”、“撩蜂吃螫”等。 47 寿命 有些昆虫看上去寿命很短,48 如古人认为蜉蝣寿命很短,49 一般只有不50 到1天,51 最长不52 过3天。汉语成语“朝生暮死”借以比喻某些事物的短命。 53 产卵场所和方式 蜻蜓在飞行过程中产卵于水面物体上。成语“蜻蜓点水”比喻做事不54 深入。 55 排便 苍蝇能一边舐食半流质食物,56 一边排出黑色的粪便,57 会污染洁白的物体。成语“青蝇染白”、“青蝇点玉(璧)” 等借此比喻小人用谗言污蔑别人。 3 汉语成语中昆虫的生态学特性 某些成语从侧面反映了一些昆虫与环境的关系,如“流水不腐,户枢不蠹(蝼)”、“ 噤若寒蝉”等。“户枢不蠹(蝼)” 字面上的意思是经常转动的门轴不易生蛀虫;“ 噤若寒蝉”中的“寒蝉 ”指晚秋的蝉,因天寒而不发出鸣声。 几个不符合科学的涉虫成语 由于成语多来自古语,而古人对昆虫的了解还不够深入,因而成语中对昆虫的描述有一些不符合科学的地方。现列举若干例: 4 作茧自缚 蚕吐丝作茧,5 把自己包在里面,6 比喻人作事原来希7 望于自己有利,8 结果反把自己陷于困境,9 也比喻自己束缚了自己的手脚。其实蚕作茧并非出于自讨苦吃,而10 是用来保护不11 能爬也不12 能飞的蛹。 13 飞蛾扑火 这个成语源自《梁书·到溉传》:“如飞蛾之赴火,14 岂焚身之可吝”。原是赞赏献身精神的意思。现在一般比喻自寻死路,15 自取灭亡。其实飞蛾扑火,16 并非奉献,17 也非寻死,而18 是因为蛾类多有趋光性。人们利用该习性,19 用黑光灯(其波长更适合昆虫的视觉)来引诱蛾类,20 既可用来调查害虫种类和数量,21 也可捕杀害虫或采集蛾类标22 本。 23 朝生暮死 古人认为蜉蝣“朝生暮死”,24 这其实是一种误解。蜉蝣的幼虫(稚虫)要在水中生活一到三年甚至五、六年,25 然后才变为成虫飞出水面。当然它的成虫寿命是很短的,26 最短的只有几小时,27 长的最多也就六、七天。可能由于认识上的局限性,28 古人只注意到蜉蝣的成虫阶段,29 因而30 认为蜉蝣是“朝生暮死”。 31 蝉腹龟肠 用成语“蝉腹龟肠” 比喻穷困的处境,32 是因为古人认为蝉只饮露水,33 必定腹中空空。其实蝉并非靠饮露水为生,而34 是用刺吸式口器刺进树的嫩枝,35 吸食树的汁液,36 因此是树木的“吸血鬼”。 参考文献 [1]夏征农.辞海(缩印本).上海:上海辞书出版社,2001. [2]罗竹风.汉语大词典(简编).上海:汉语大词典出版社,1991. [3]王涛.中国成语大词典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1987. [4]中科院计算机网络信息中心.昆虫博物馆. [5]万增林.育星汉语电子字典. [6]张新主 智能成语词典 [7]?.十三经. [8]庄周.庄子. [9]刘安.淮南子. [10]方旻软件工作室.中华诗词. [11]萧春雷.画眉深浅入时无. [12]艺网.浓妆艳抹下的真相. [13]买国庆.蝶与蛾. [14]中国风网.敬畏生命·之一.

关于昆虫论文的参考文献

呵呵。这个提问太哪个了。不好回答。

参考文献达尔文,物种起源

《昆虫记》这本书使我十分着迷,读了它我才知道, 原来昆虫世界有这么多的奥秘,我知道了:凌晨,蝉是怎样脱壳;屎壳螂是如何滚粪球的;蚂蚁是怎样去吃蚜虫的分泌物。还弄清了:“螟蛉之子”是错误的,蜂抓青虫不是当成自己的儿子养,而是为自己的后代安排食物。第一次读《昆虫记》,不知怎么的它就吸引了我。这是一部描述昆虫们生育、劳作、狩猎与死亡的科普书,平实的文字,清新自然;幽默的叙述,惹人捧腹……人性化的虫子们翩然登场,多么奇异、有趣的故事啊!法布尔的《昆虫记》,让我没有梦幻感,那些具体而详细的文字,不时让我感觉到放大镜、潮湿、星辰,还有虫子气味的存在,仿佛置身于现场一样。被我忽视太久了的昆虫的身影,及它们嚣张的鸣叫,一下子聚拢过来,我屏住呼吸,然后,凭它们穿透了我心灵的幽暗。是法布尔,让我看到了昆虫跟我们人类在生与死,劳动与掠夺等许多问题上都有着惊人的相似。《昆虫记》不是作家创造出来的世界,它不同于小说,它们是最基本的事实!是法布尔生活的每一天每一夜,是独自的,安静的,几乎与世隔绝的寂寞与艰辛。我仰起了头,这一刻,我非常想仰起我的头,像仰望星空一样,来对待昆虫们存在的奥秘。它使我第一次进入了一个生动的昆虫世界。于是,我接着往下看《昆虫记》。接着往下看,《昆虫记》是一个个有趣的故事:“螳螂是一种十分凶残的动物,然而在它刚刚拥有生命的初期,也会牺牲在个头儿最小的蚂蚁的魔爪下。”蜘蛛织网,“即使用了圆规、尺子之类的工具,也没有一个设计家能画出一个比这更规范的网来”, 丰富的故事情节使我浮想联翩。 看着看着,这些虫子们渐渐地清晰起来,我思考着:如果我们环境保护,不环境污染,这些虫子是不是还会在呢?现在的环境恶化,又是不是在以后还会有呢?我仔细地想了一想这彼此之间的关系,这一次的阅读,《昆虫记》为我打开了一扇全新的门。当我继续阅读《昆虫记》时,我看到法布尔细致入微地观察毛虫的旅行,我看到他不顾危险捕捉黄蜂,我看到他大胆假设、谨慎实验、反复推敲实验过程与数据,一步一步推断高鼻蜂毒针的作用时间与效果,萤的捕食过程,捕蝇蜂处理猎物的方法,孔雀蛾的远距离联络……一次实验失败了,他收集数据、分析原因,转身又设计下一次。严谨的实验方法,大胆的质疑精神,勤勉的作风。这一次,我感觉到了 “科学精神”及其博大精深的内涵。昆虫学家法布尔以人性关照虫性,千辛万苦写出传世巨著《昆虫记》,为人间留下一座富含知识、趣味、美感和思想的散文宝藏。它行文生动活泼,语调轻松诙谐,充满了盎然的情趣。在作者的笔下,杨柳天牛像个吝啬鬼,身穿一件似乎“缺了布料”的短身燕尾礼服;小甲虫“为它的后代作出无私的奉献,为儿女操碎了心”;而被毒蜘蛛咬伤的小麻雀,也会“愉快地进食,如果我们喂食动作慢了,他甚至会像婴儿般哭闹”。多么可爱的小生灵!难怪鲁迅把《昆虫记》奉为“讲昆虫生活”的楷模。我叹服法布尔为探索大自然付出的精神,让我感受到了昆虫与环境息息相关,又让我感受到了作者的独具匠心和细微的观察。《昆虫记》让我眼界开阔了,看待问题的角度不一样了,理解问题的深度也将超越以往。我觉得 《昆虫记》是值得一生阅读的好书, 我想无论是谁,只要认真地阅读一下 《昆虫记》,读出滋味,读出感想,一定可以知道的更多。

catchinginsects(现在进行时)catchinsects(一般形态)

关于昆虫的参考文献

昆虫纲。蜻蜓目差翅亚目昆虫的通称,为大型昆虫,身体甚大。眼大,触角小咀嚼式口器。膜质翅2对,翅脉网状。休息时翅展开,平放两侧,后翅常大于前翅,半发育状态,稚虫水生,其下唇特化成捕捉器官,成虫善飞。中国常见的蜻蜓,体长约50毫米左右,其幼体与成体都捕食其它小昆虫及蝇蚊等,对人类有益。蜻蜓是益虫,可以捕食大量害虫,使我们生活有保障,蜻蜓是多么可爱,让我们大家一起携起手来保护它们。 参考文献: 1997年1月2版《自然百科知识大全》李名慈 希望出版社

目的:蜜蜂有没有辨认方向的能力结论:经过反复的实验后,认定蜜蜂真正发声器应该是双翅根部下的两个小黑点,并撰写出科学论文《蜜蜂并不是靠翅膀振动发声》。

蜻蜓是益虫。理由:1、蜻蜓稚虫在水中可以捕食孑孓或其他小型动物,有时同类也相残食。无论成虫还是幼虫均为肉食性,多食害虫。成虫除能大量捕食蚊、蝇外,有的还能捕食蝶、蛾、蜂等害虫,实为益虫。2、蜻蜓对人类生活帮助很大,不但对人的健康有好处,对农田作物的丰产,也起很大的作用。蜻蜓还可药用:能强阴,止精,亦可壮阳暖肾。3、蜻蜓属于肉食类昆虫,专门把蚊子、苍蝇和其他小昆虫作为食物。一种俗称为“青头楞”的绿色大蜻蜓,一天能亳不在乎地吃掉二千只左右的蚜虫等这类小飞虫。此外,凡是会飞会爬的小飞蛾、小昆虫,它都欢迎。扩展资料蜻蜓,无脊椎动物,节肢动物门,昆虫纲,有翅亚纲,蜻蜓目,差翅亚目,分蜻科和蜓科。幼虫(稚虫)在水中发育,在水中用直肠气管鳃呼吸。一般要经11次以上蜕皮,需时2年或2年以上才沿水草爬出水面,再经最后蜕皮羽化为成虫。蜻蜓是世界上眼睛最多的昆虫。蜻蜓的眼睛又大又鼓,占据着头的绝大部分,有三个单眼,复眼约由28000多只小眼组成,它们的视力极好,而且还能向上、向下、向前、向后看而不必转头。此外,它们的复眼还能测速。当物体在复眼前移动时,每一个“小眼”依次产生出反应,经过加工就能确定出目标物体的运动速度。这使得它们成为昆虫界的捕虫高手。其咀嚼式口器发达,强大有力。蜻蜓腹部细长、扁形或呈圆筒形,末端有肛附器。足细而弱,上有钩刺,可在空中飞行时捕捉害虫。雄虫交配器位于腹部二、三节腹板上。雌雄交尾也在空中进行。多数雌虫在水面飞行时,分多次将卵“点”在水中,也有的将腹部插入浅水中将卵产于水底。

那么多昆虫,你要哪个?找英文的,你去google啊。

  • 索引序列
  • 昆虫论文的参考文献
  • 昆虫学参考文献
  • 昆虫记参考文献
  • 关于昆虫论文的参考文献
  • 关于昆虫的参考文献
  • 返回顶部