昆虫论文的参考文献

Pest字数一把不低于4000字《昆虫学报》是中国昆虫学会和中国科学院动物研究所共同主办的昆虫学学术刊物，1950年创刊，国内外公开发行，月刊。本刊为全国核心期刊，曾被SCI收录，现被《生物学文摘》（BA）、《昆虫学文摘》（EA）、《化学文摘》（CA）、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》（AJ）、英国CAB文摘数据库和德国 “ISPI Pest Directory Database”等国内外重要文摘和数据库收录。1．办刊宗旨传播报道昆虫学研究最新成果和动态，推动国内外昆虫学界学术交流，发展我国的昆虫学事业，为国家的科技、经济和社会发展服务。2．征稿范围本刊面向国内外征稿，登载有关昆虫形态、生理、生化、病理、毒理、生态和系统学等昆虫学各分支学科的中英文原始研究论文、简报和综述等。本刊鼓励英文投稿。系统学方面主要接受订正和综述性论文，一般不接受单纯报道新分类单元或新记录的论文。3．内容要求内容完整，论点明确，数据可靠，文字简明通畅，引用资料请注明文献出处，注意保守国家机密，文责自负。中文稿件使用昆虫名称和名词应参照全国科学技术名词审定委员会2000年公布的《昆虫学名词》；其他名词和名称请参照全国科学技术名词审定委员会公布的相关名词规范；无规范可参考时，宜沿用最广、最久且意义无误的名词和名称。文稿题目要求准确、简短明了，系统学论文题目要求给出所研究分类单元隶属的纲、目和科名。摘要应包含研究目的、关键方法、主要结果和结论等。关键词应能反映文稿的内容范畴，其选择可参考《昆虫学文摘》（EA）所列主题词，应能方便计算机检索，不能是一句短语。观察标本须指明存放地。涉及核酸序列时，应提供在国际核酸数据库登记注册的核酸序列号。4．格式要求1 文字来稿用5号宋体字、A4纸隔行打印。正文前用中文和英文分别给出：题目、作者姓名、署名单位、所在城市和邮编，摘要，5～8个关键词。英文稿件用附页以中文给出上述信息。首页脚注给出资助项目的名称和编号及第一作者简介（姓名，性别，出生年月，民族，籍贯，学位，职称，研究方向，E-mail地址）。按国家标准正确使用计量单位、汉语简化字和标点符号。缩略词首次出现时必须给出相应的中文和英文全称。文稿标题中不宜用缩略词，请使用全称。摘要中亦尽可能不用缩写词。外国人名一律用原名，不译成中文。外文字母和符号请注明文种、大小写和正斜体。上下角的字母、数码和符号，其位置高低区别要明显。源自中文的人名和地名在译成英文时，采用汉语拼音。表题、图题及表图中注字均需有英文对照。生物科级以下名称首次出现时应注明拉丁学名。2 表格、插图和照片表格要求采用“三线表”。文中插图请用绘图纸黑墨绘制或使用高质量的激光打印样图，要求线条清晰、均匀。图幅宽度：8 cm以内（半栏）或14~16 cm（通栏）。图线粗细：坐标线、指引线用细线，线宽约13~25 mm，函数曲线用粗线，线宽约25~5 mm。图字大小：图中所有字符的字体与字号应一致，均用6号宋体字。以比例尺示明图像实际大小。图样和照片应大小适当，以利制版。插图另纸打印，附在文后。正文中相应处画一方框标明图的位置，框下注明图序、图题和图注，图注文字应精练。3参考文献参考文献的引用应符合国际和国家有关版权规定。正文中引用处应在圆括号内注明原著者姓名和年代，2名作者之间用“和”（中文文献）或“and”（外文文献）连接，3名或3名以上作者时只给出第一名作者，后加“等”（中文文献）或“et ”（外文文献）,西文著者只给出姓氏即可。文后参考文献列表采用“著者－出版年”制，列出全部著者姓名，并按英文字母升序排列。只列正文中引用的且为公开发表的文献，未正式发表的资料不得列入。中文参考文献须有英文对照，排列时英文在前，中文在后并置于方括号内。刊物名称缩写请参考《昆虫学文摘》（EA）。格式举例如下：〖期刊论文〗Yu XP, Zheng XS, Xu HX, Lu ZX, Chen JM, Tao LY, A study on the dispersal of lycosid spider, Pirata subpiraticus between rice and Zizania Acta E S, 45(5): 636－ [俞晓平，郑许松，徐红星，吕仲贤，陈建明，陶林勇， 拟水狼蛛在水稻与茭白田之间的转移 昆虫学报，45（5）：636－640]KS, Webb BA, Polydnavirus-mediated suppression of insect J Insect P, 45(5): 507－〖专著〗Lu HS, Molecular Biology of Insect V Agricultural Scientech Press, 519－ [吕鸿声， 昆虫病毒分子生物学 北京：中国农业科技出版社 519－524], Biology of T V Press, 349－〖专著论文〗Ye GY, Hu C, Shu QY, The development of transgenic rice resistant to insect pests and its wise and sustainable In: Cheng JA, Zhou WJ Agricultural Development and Research in the 21st C Environmental Science Press, 406－ [叶恭银, 胡萃, 舒庆尧, 转基因抗虫水稻的转育及其合理持续利用 见：程家安，周伟军 主编 世纪农业发展与研究 北京: 中国环境科学出版社 406－414]Wilson MD, Post RJ, Integration of morphometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques: a case study of Simulium In: Hawksworth DL The Identification and Characterization of O CAB International, 215－5．投稿要求切勿一稿多投。请登录《昆虫学报》网站在线投稿，或通过E-mail将原稿发送至本刊编辑部；同时邮寄打印稿一份，并附第一属名单位的推荐信，推荐信中需注明“此文稿经审查，无一稿两投和泄密情况”，否则不予受理；有通讯作者时，须附通讯作者本人的签字，以示认可；另请提供第一作者及通讯作者的详细联系地址、电话和E-mail地址。来稿请挂号投寄本刊编辑部，勿寄给个人。遵照《中华人民共和国著作权法》，凡拟刊登之文稿，作者须附函明示是否同意该文版权（含各种介质的版权）转让给《昆虫学报》编辑部。通常在稿件收到后1个月内决定并通知作者是否可用。来稿须符合本稿约要求后方可受理，审改意见由编辑部转给作者。作者须在收到退修通知后2 周内将原稿、修改稿、修改说明及稿件电子文件（Word格式）寄回或发送编辑部。逾期者，以新稿处理，重新登记收稿日期；修改内容较多的作同样处理。编辑部有权对来稿作必要的文字删改，作者若不同意，请在来稿时声明。 其他稿件一般参照收稿日期先后刊登，英文稿件和涉及重要发现和成果的高质量论文可优先发表。本刊对拟刊用的稿件按规定的标准收取审理费和发表费。来稿刊载后，酌致稿酬，并赠送样刊2~4本。本刊编辑部通讯地址：北京北辰西路1号院5号，中国科学院动物研究所《昆虫学报》编辑部，邮编100101；电话：010-64807173；传真：010-64807099；E-mail： ；网址：。

研究昆虫控制的文章Athenix and Monsanto Announce Collaboration on Research for Insect ControlRESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC and ST LOUIS, June 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Athenix C and Monsanto Company today announced they have entered into a three-year research collaboration for insect control on a key class of insects that affects a number of Monsanto's major crops of Financial terms of the agreement were not "We are pleased to work with the market leader in crop genetics to bring our technical capabilities to commercialization," said Mike Koziel, chief executive officer for A "Working with Monsanto to discover novel genes for controlling insect pests increases options for farmers and allows Athenix to demonstrate the power of its integrated discovery platforms for new biotech traits," said Nick Duck, vice president of research at A Athenix will apply its expertise in microbial screening and genomics to facilitate gene discovery intended to help protect crops such as cotton, soybeans and corn against a common class of insects known as H Hemipteran insects include Lygus, a pest of cotton, and stinkbug, a pest of "This collaboration will work to offer an essential benefit to our farmer customers by providing insect protection in crops such as corn, cotton and soybeans against the piercing and sucking Insect tolerant crops allow growers to spray less pesticide, making their operations more efficient and at the same time stewarding the environment," said Robert T Fraley, PD, Monsanto executive vice president and chief technology "We're excited to collaborate with Athenix to help broaden grower's options for insect " About Athenix: Athenix is a leading biotechnology company that develops novel products and technologies for agricultural and industrial applications, including biofuels and Athenix has established an outstanding intellectual property portfolio and market access ability around enhanced plants, microbes, genes, enzymes, and processes with emphasis on two major markets: 1) novel agricultural traits for growers such as insect resistance, nematode resistance, herbicide tolerance, and their use for the crop production industry; and 2) the discovery of genes and proteins for use in the sustainable chemical industry with a focus on biofuels like ethanol and other natural Biological control of locusts New weapons for old enemiesDuring the 1988 desert locust plague, swarms crossed the Atlantic from Mauritania to the Caribbean, flying 5 000 kilometres in 10 Scientists were stumped because migrating swarms normally come down to rest every But locusts can’t swim, so how could it be? It turned out that the swarms were coming down at sea – on any ships they could find, but also in the water The first ones in all drowned but their corpses made rafts for the other ones to rest Since the dawn of agriculture more than 10 000 years ago mankind has had to deal with a resourceful and fearless enemy, Schistocerca gregaria, the desert Normally loners, every so often these natives of the deserts from West Africa to India turn into vast, voracious swarms that leave hunger and poverty behind them wherever they Throughout history, farmers and governments have made attempts to repel the bands and swarms of locusts by collecting insects, creating noise, making smoke and burying and burning the But all of this had little With swarms sometimes extending for hundreds of kilometres, and containing billions of individuals, they conquered by sheer force of Health concernsIt has long puzzled humans where these animals came from and where they Only in the mid-20th century was it realized that the light brown solitary desert-dwelling insect was the same species as the red and yellow locusts of the Only when its biology was understood and chemical pesticides and aerial spraying became available a few decades ago, could efforts be made to control the But large-scale pesticide use also raised real concerns for human health and the On the seventh-floor Emergency Centre for Locust Operations (ECLO) at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Keith Cressman, FAO's locust forecaster, checks current environmental conditions and locust population data from the three computer screens on his The last big locust upsurge ended early in 2005 and the current alert level is green or The experts at FAO’s ECLO are readying to fight the next round in the age-old battle against locusts – wherever and whenever that may “The next time,” says Cressman, “we’ll fight with new tools” New bio-control agents Recent advances in biological control research, coupled with improved surveillance and intelligence, could make a big difference when the next round in the battle is Such products could make it possible to sharply reduce the amount of chemical pesticides One promising avenue is research currently under way at the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in N An ICIPE team headed by a Zanzibar-born chemical ecologist, Ahmed Hassanali, has identified and synthesized a specific locust pheromone, or chemical signal, that can be used against young locusts with devastating Phenylacetonitrile, or PAN for short, normally governs swarming behaviour in adult males who also use it to warn other males to leave them in Peace while they But, Hassanali found it has startlingly different results on juvenile wingless locusts, known as Hopper bandsJust as adult locusts form swarms, hoppers will, given the right conditions, stop behaving as individuals and line up in marauding bands up to 5 kilometres They are only slightly less voracious than adults, who eat their own weight of food every In three separate field trials – the most recent in Sudan last year – Hassanali’s team showed that even minute doses of PAN could stop hopper bands dead in their tracks and make them break PAN caused the insects to resume solitary Confused and disoriented, some lost their appetite altogether, while others turned cannibal and ate one Any survivors were easy prey for What makes PAN particularly attractive is that the dose needed is only a fraction – typically less than 10 millilitres per hectare – of the quantities of chemical or biological This translates into substantially lower costs – 50 cents per hectare as opposed to US$12 for chemical pesticides and $15-20 for other bio-control That is clearly a major consideration in the countries in the front line – many of them among the world’s Green Muscle A different, but also highly effective biological approach is Green Muscle ®, a bio-pesticide developed by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture’s biological control centre in Cotonou, Benin, and manufactured in South A Green Muscle ® contains spores of the naturally occurring fungus Metarhizium anisopliae acridum, which germinate on the skin of locusts and penetrate through their The fungus then destroys the locust's tissues from the This is definitely not good news for locusts, but the fungus has no effect on other life A product similar to Green Muscle ® is already successfully used in Australia, but the latter's introduction in Africa and Asia is being slowed by several These include a need for further large-scale trials, official approval of the product in several countries, and a relatively short shelf-life in its normal ready-to-spray liquid One drawback is that it takes days to kill the It is also relatively expensive and large-scale production would need to be A solution would be to store the product in powder form and dilute it just before Hassanali’s team has also shown that, if used in combination with a small amount of PAN, only a quarter of the normal dose of Green Muscle ® is Insect Growth RegulatorsAlso being readied for the modern locust fighter’s armoury is a class of products known as Insect Growth Regulators, or IGRs, which influence the ability of hoppers to moult and grow They have no direct toxic effects on IGRs are effective for several weeks after application and can be used in so-called barrier In this method only narrow swathes of the product are applied, perpendicular to the direction of the marching hopper Only 10 percent of the amount used in blanket treatment is After marching over one or two barriers the hoppers absorb enough product to die while As with PAN and Green Muscle ®, however, IGRs need to be aimed at locusts at an early stage in their lives, before they take to the That, in turn, requires an advanced level of surveillance and intelligence-gathering to make sure that any locust concentrations are nipped in the eLocust2Although back at ECLO Keith Cressman has satellites, computers and mathematical models at his disposal, the weak link in the chain has been the time it takes to get good information from the The mobile ground teams whose job it is to keep tabs on locust populations have to work in some of the world’s remotest, hottest and sometimes (for environmental and security reasons) most hostile A week or more might go by before a report from, say, the central Sahara, reached Cressman’s By that time the locusts – “They don’t need visas,” he says – would quite likely have moved to another country or continent This will soon change Field teams are now being issued with special hand-held devices to record vital locust and environmental data and relay them back to their own headquarters and on to Rome in real Developed by the French Space Agency CNES, the eLocust2 device is able to bounce the information off communications satellites and have the data arrive in the National Locust Control Centre in the affected country a few minutes later, from where they are passed on to Cressman for In case of unusually heavy hopper concentrations, immediate action can be taken to make sure that the locusts never grow old enough to Back to the fieldWriting in Science magazine, locust expert Martin Enserink gave the following graphic description of a locust population gone out of control:“On a beautiful November morning (in Morocco) it’s clear, even from afar, that something’s terribly wrong with the trees around this tiny They are covered with a pinkish-red gloss, as if their leaves were changing "As you get closer, the hue becomes a wriggling mass; a giant cap of insects on every tree, devouring the tiny Get closer still and you’ll hear a soft drizzle: the steady stream of locust droppings falling to the ” Such nightmare visions, and locust plagues with them, may one day be a thing of the

就是参考文献中的第二、第三以及后面的著者都要列出，不能省略，参考文献的顺序按照英文字母升序排列

catchinginsects(现在进行时)catchinsects(一般形态)

参考文献达尔文，物种起源