参考文献标注的位置 参考文献标标注方法和规则 参考文献标标注的格式2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定，2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大，后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》，适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献，而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者，在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说，引用一次的文献的页码（或页码范围）在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年，卷（期）”等+“：页码（或页码范围）”。多次引用的文献，每处的页码或页码范围（有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码）分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处，置于方括号后（仅列数字，不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符；页码范围中间的连线为半字线）并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的，该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号，做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外，参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。⑶参考文献类型及文献类型，根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母方式标识：专著M ； 报纸N ；期刊J ；专利文献P；汇编G ；古籍O；技术标准S ；学位论文D ；科技报告R；参考工具K ；检索工具W；档案B ；录音带A ；图表Q；唱片L；产品样本X；录相带V；会议录C；中译文T；乐谱I； 电影片Y；手稿H；微缩胶卷U ；幻灯片Z；微缩平片F；其他E。
先将第一个参考文献写好,光标放置在文献前。点击图示位置处的编号库,在下拉菜单中选择“定义新编号格式。在弹出的窗口中修改编号格式,此处按照一般的参考文献编号格式进行修改,改为"[1]
给我加分啊这是我的课件A连续出版物〔序号〕 主要责任者．文献题名〔J〕．刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码．〔1〕 袁庆龙，候文义．Ni-P合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研〔J〕太原理工大学学报，2001，32(1)：51-53B专著〔序号〕 主要责任者．文献题名〔M〕．出版地：出版者，出版年：页码． 〔2〕 刘国钧，郑如斯．中国书的故〔M〕北京：中国青年出版社，1979：115． C会议论文集〔序号〕 析出责任者．析出题名[A]．见(英文用In)：主编．论文集名[C]．(供选择项：会议名，会址，开会年)出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．〔3〕孙品一．高校学报编辑工作现代化特征〔A〕．见：中国高等学校自然科学学报研究会．科技编辑学论文集(2)[C]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1998：10-22．D专著中析出的文献〔序号〕 析出责任者．析出题名[A]．见(英文用In)：专著责任者．书名[M]．出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．〔4〕罗云．安全科学理论体系的发展及趋势探讨[A]．见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之．21世纪安全科学与技术的发展趋势[M]．北京：科学出版社，2000：1-5．E学位论文[序号] 主要责任者．文献题名[D]．保存地：保存单位，年份：[5〕张和生．地质力学系统理论[D]．太原：太原理工大学，1998：F报告[序号] 主要责任者．文献题名[R]．报告地：报告会主办单位，年份： [6]冯西桥．核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析[R]．北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院，1997：G专利文献〔序号〕 专利所有者．专利题名〔P〕．专利国别：专利号，发布日期：〔7〕姜锡洲．一种温热外敷药制备方案〔P〕．中国专利：881056078，1983-08-12：H国际、国家标准〔序号〕 标准代号．标准名称〔S〕．出版地：出版者，出版年：〔8〕GB/T 16159—1996．汉语拼音正词法基本规则〔S〕．北京：中国标准出版社，1996：I报纸文章〔序号〕 主要责任者．文献题名〔N〕．报纸名，出版年，月(日)：版次〔9〕谢希德．创造学习的思路[N]．人民日报，1998，12(25)：10J电子文献〔序号〕 主要责任者．电子文献题名〔文献类型/载体类型〕．：电子文献的出版或可获得地址(电子文献地址用文字表述)，发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选) ：〔10〕姚伯元．毕业设计(论文)规范化管理与培养学生综合素质〔EB/OL〕．：中国高等教育网教学研究，2005-2-2：够全吧
[1] 作者姓名，作者姓名参考文献题目[J] 期刊或杂志等名称，年份，卷(期数)：页码 [2] 刘凡丰 美国研究型大学本科教育改革透视[J] 高等教育研究，2003，5(1)：18- 没有卷的就直接写2003（1）（本条为期刊杂志著录格式） [3] 谭丙煜怎样撰写科学论文[M]2版沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，1982：5-（本条为中文图书著录格式） [4] 作者姓名 参考文献题目[D]南京：南京农业大学，2002：页码（本条为硕士、博士论文著录格式） [5] 作者姓名 参考文献题目[N]人民日报，2005-06-（本条为报纸著录格式） [6] 作者姓名 参考文献题目[C]// 作者姓名论文集名称城市：出版单位（社），年代：页码（本条为论文集著录格式） [7] 外国作者姓名 参考文献题目[M]译者（名字），译城市：出版单位，年代：页码（本条为原著翻译中文的著录格式，多个译者可写为：***，***，***，等译）
文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文，它是科学文献的一种。格式与写法文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，在根据提纲进行撰写工。前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。参考文献虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此，应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。关于参考文献的使用方法，录著项目及格式与研究论文相同，不再重复。
[1]AprilD Thames,MichelleS Kim,BrianW Becker,JessicaM Foley,LindsayJ Hines,ElyseJ Singer,RobertK Heaton,StevenA Castellon,CharlesH H Medication and finance management among HIV-infected adults: The impact of age and cognition[J] Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,2011,332:[2]Jianping Yang,Wenjing S Finance Management Based on Value Chain Management[J] International Journal of Business and Management,2009,25:[3]Raymond H An empirical comparison of published replication research in accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing[J] Journal of Business Research,1996,352:[4]Rustam Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and evaluation[J] Information & Management,2009,472:[5]Rustam Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and evaluation[J] Information & Management,2009,468:[6]Eleanor O’Higgins,Bairbre K Comparative Perspectives on the Ethical Orientations of Human Resources, Marketing and Finance Functional Managers[J] Journal of Business Ethics,2005,563:[7]Ann E T Today’s Ethical Issues: A Perspective from Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing[J] Journal of Business Ethics,2007,701:[8]Konstantin E Axenov,Evgeniy Bondarchuk,Isolde B The new retail trade and services and their emerging location pattern in S Petersburg[J] GeoJournal,1997,424:[9]Diggs Schnequa N Health disparities and health care financing: restructuring the American health care [J] Journal of health care finance,2012,384:[10]Robinson Alan,Triesch J Task-specific modulation of memory for object features in natural [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2008,4:[11]Breitmeyer Bruno G,Tapia E Roles of contour and surface processing in microgenesis of object perception and visual [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2012,7:[12]Klemm W R Free will debates: Simple experiments are not so [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2010,6:[13]Bernet Patrick M,Carpenter Caryl E,Saunders W The impact of competition among health care financing authorities on market yields and issuer interest [J] Journal of health care finance,2011,381:[14]Stewart Louis J Analysis of capital spending and capital financing among large US nonprofit health [J] Journal of health care finance,2012,383:[15]John KS Chong,Donald R E Anticipating and dealing with financial crisis[J] Management Decision,1998,3610:[16]Michael Jay Polonsky,Denise G J Rural Outshopping in Australia: The Bathurst-Orange Region[J] European Journal of Marketing,1992,2610:[17]Francisco José Más Ruí Image of suburban shopping malls and two-stage versus uni-equational modelling of the retail trade attraction: An empirical application[J] European Journal of Marketing,1999,335:[18]Justo de Jorge M Efficiency and regulation in Spanish hypermarket retail trade: A cross-section approach[J] International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,2008,361:[19]Darryl G Greer,Michael W K A new model for financing public colleges and universities[J] On the Horizon,2010,184:[20]Peter JMM Krumm,Jackie de V Value creation through the management of corporate real estate[J] Journal of Property Investment & Finance,2003,211:[21]Tanay Kumar Nandi,Ritankar S Foreign direct investment in India with special focus on retail trade[J] Journal of International Trade Law and Policy,2007,62:[22] Making management stay: Funding, development and promotion[J] Development and Learning in Organizations,2005,192:[23]Pedro Cosme Vieira,Aurora A C T Are finance, management, and marketing autonomous fields of scientific research? An analysis based on journal [J] Scientometrics,2010,85:[24]Rustam M Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and [J] Information & Management,2010,47:[25]Rustam M Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and [J] Information & Management,2009,46:[26]Ivan-Damir Anić RETAIL TRADE AND THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT[J] Economic Review,2002,539:[27]Anton Glavinić BUILDING OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN THE RETAIL TRADE PROCESS ANALYSIS[J] Economic Review,2001,525:[28]Zdenko S Contemporary Management Development Of Retail Trade[J] Economic Journal,2009,1:[29]Zdenko S DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE CROATIAN RETAIL TRADE[J] Economic Review,2005,561:[30]Alan G H Credit Indebtedness and the UK Retail Trade[J] The Service Industries Journal,,114:[31]Tabukeli M R Rural settlement and retail trade business in the Eastern Cape[J] Development Southern Africa,2000,172:[32]Hans Peter H Cultural perspectives on the development of the retail trade, East and West[J] Asia Pacific Business Review,2009,151:[33] Annual Retail Trade Survey[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2011,76216:[34] RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; Retail trade turnover inRussia inJanuary-September 2011[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2011,:[35]A RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; RETAIL TRADE TURNOVER IN RUSSIA IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2009[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2009,:[36]A RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; RETAIL TRADE IN RUSSIA[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2009,:[37] Small Business Size Standards: Retail Trade[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2010,75193:[38] Annual Retail Trade Survey[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2010,75200:[39]A RETAIL; Retail trade turnover inRussia grows 6% inJuly[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Food & Agriculture Weekly,2011,:[40] Retail Outlook 2012: Uncertainty and Cross-border Shopping Slow Down Retail Trade; Credit Suisse Study on the Outlook for Swiss Retailing[J] M2 Presswire,2012,:
论文的参考文献格式怎么写
先将第一个参考文献写好,光标放置在文献前。点击图示位置处的编号库,在下拉菜单中选择“定义新编号格式。在弹出的窗口中修改编号格式,此处按照一般的参考文献编号格式进行修改,改为"[1]
参考文献找法如下：操作设备：戴尔电脑操作系统：win10操作软件：任意浏览器1、首先打开百度搜索栏，输入“知网”字样，点击知网官网。 2、进入知网官网以后，点击搜索栏右侧的“高级检索”选项，如图所示。3、在高级检索状态下，将检索结果选定在“外文文献”区域，比如这里的“light”和“agricultural”，然后检索。 4、在所有检索结果中，我们可以根据自己的需要点开文章的标题，查看文章的摘要，以作筛查。5、当我们看过摘要，确定要这篇文章的时候，就点击下方的“全文下载”按钮。 6、接着就会弹出一个全英文的界面，我们在文章标题右侧可以找到“DOWNLOADPDF”的字样，点击它。 7、这是浏览器就会打开这一篇文章的pdf文档，如果需要打印或者下载的话，点击右上角的打印或下载按钮即可。
[1]AprilD Thames,MichelleS Kim,BrianW Becker,JessicaM Foley,LindsayJ Hines,ElyseJ Singer,RobertK Heaton,StevenA Castellon,CharlesH H Medication and finance management among HIV-infected adults: The impact of age and cognition[J] Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,2011,332:[2]Jianping Yang,Wenjing S Finance Management Based on Value Chain Management[J] International Journal of Business and Management,2009,25:[3]Raymond H An empirical comparison of published replication research in accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing[J] Journal of Business Research,1996,352:[4]Rustam Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and evaluation[J] Information & Management,2009,472:[5]Rustam Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and evaluation[J] Information & Management,2009,468:[6]Eleanor O’Higgins,Bairbre K Comparative Perspectives on the Ethical Orientations of Human Resources, Marketing and Finance Functional Managers[J] Journal of Business Ethics,2005,563:[7]Ann E T Today’s Ethical Issues: A Perspective from Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing[J] Journal of Business Ethics,2007,701:[8]Konstantin E Axenov,Evgeniy Bondarchuk,Isolde B The new retail trade and services and their emerging location pattern in S Petersburg[J] GeoJournal,1997,424:[9]Diggs Schnequa N Health disparities and health care financing: restructuring the American health care [J] Journal of health care finance,2012,384:[10]Robinson Alan,Triesch J Task-specific modulation of memory for object features in natural [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2008,4:[11]Breitmeyer Bruno G,Tapia E Roles of contour and surface processing in microgenesis of object perception and visual [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2012,7:[12]Klemm W R Free will debates: Simple experiments are not so [J] Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw,2010,6:[13]Bernet Patrick M,Carpenter Caryl E,Saunders W The impact of competition among health care financing authorities on market yields and issuer interest [J] Journal of health care finance,2011,381:[14]Stewart Louis J Analysis of capital spending and capital financing among large US nonprofit health [J] Journal of health care finance,2012,383:[15]John KS Chong,Donald R E Anticipating and dealing with financial crisis[J] Management Decision,1998,3610:[16]Michael Jay Polonsky,Denise G J Rural Outshopping in Australia: The Bathurst-Orange Region[J] European Journal of Marketing,1992,2610:[17]Francisco José Más Ruí Image of suburban shopping malls and two-stage versus uni-equational modelling of the retail trade attraction: An empirical application[J] European Journal of Marketing,1999,335:[18]Justo de Jorge M Efficiency and regulation in Spanish hypermarket retail trade: A cross-section approach[J] International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management,2008,361:[19]Darryl G Greer,Michael W K A new model for financing public colleges and universities[J] On the Horizon,2010,184:[20]Peter JMM Krumm,Jackie de V Value creation through the management of corporate real estate[J] Journal of Property Investment & Finance,2003,211:[21]Tanay Kumar Nandi,Ritankar S Foreign direct investment in India with special focus on retail trade[J] Journal of International Trade Law and Policy,2007,62:[22] Making management stay: Funding, development and promotion[J] Development and Learning in Organizations,2005,192:[23]Pedro Cosme Vieira,Aurora A C T Are finance, management, and marketing autonomous fields of scientific research? An analysis based on journal [J] Scientometrics,2010,85:[24]Rustam M Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and [J] Information & Management,2010,47:[25]Rustam M Vahidov,Xin H Situated DSS for personal finance management: Design and [J] Information & Management,2009,46:[26]Ivan-Damir Anić RETAIL TRADE AND THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT[J] Economic Review,2002,539:[27]Anton Glavinić BUILDING OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN THE RETAIL TRADE PROCESS ANALYSIS[J] Economic Review,2001,525:[28]Zdenko S Contemporary Management Development Of Retail Trade[J] Economic Journal,2009,1:[29]Zdenko S DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE CROATIAN RETAIL TRADE[J] Economic Review,2005,561:[30]Alan G H Credit Indebtedness and the UK Retail Trade[J] The Service Industries Journal,,114:[31]Tabukeli M R Rural settlement and retail trade business in the Eastern Cape[J] Development Southern Africa,2000,172:[32]Hans Peter H Cultural perspectives on the development of the retail trade, East and West[J] Asia Pacific Business Review,2009,151:[33] Annual Retail Trade Survey[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2011,76216:[34] RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; Retail trade turnover inRussia inJanuary-September 2011[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2011,:[35]A RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; RETAIL TRADE TURNOVER IN RUSSIA IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2009[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2009,:[36]A RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE; RETAIL TRADE IN RUSSIA[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Statistics Weekly,2009,:[37] Small Business Size Standards: Retail Trade[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2010,75193:[38] Annual Retail Trade Survey[J] The Federal Register / FIND,2010,75200:[39]A RETAIL; Retail trade turnover inRussia grows 6% inJuly[J] Interfax : Russia & CIS Food & Agriculture Weekly,2011,:[40] Retail Outlook 2012: Uncertainty and Cross-border Shopping Slow Down Retail Trade; Credit Suisse Study on the Outlook for Swiss Retailing[J] M2 Presswire,2012,:
传统参考文献：图书馆：图书馆图书是传统参考文献来源的主要途径；中国知网：中国知网（CNKI）是比较权威的网络文献来源；维普期刊：在维普期刊使用高级检索，可以精确查找到所需文章等。
啊拼出来？你不要先把文献找好再写论文的吗，难不成先写论文，然后随便找点参考文献？其实论文完全不能提升我们什么能力，都是写前人写过的。郁闷！
业种解决是的零售经营的品种问题，“卖什么”，零售业种涉及到零售商品的种类业态是以什么方式进行零售经营的问题
其实简单地说就是，零售业态回答的是以什么方式进行零售经营的问题，如便利店（100㎡）：满足顾客便利性需求为主要目的的零售业态；折扣店：店铺装修简单，提供有限服务，商品价格低廉的一种小型超市业态。拥有不到2000个品种，经营一定数量的自由品牌商品（国际上通用的解释中折扣店并非超市形态）；超市（500㎡以上）：开架售货，集中收款，满足社区消费者日常生活需要的零售业态。根据商品结构不同，可分为食品超市和综合超市；大型超市（6000㎡以上）：实际营业面积6000㎡以上，品种齐全，满足顾客一次购足的零售业态。可分为经营食品为主的大型超市和经营日用品为主的大型超市。如家乐福等而业种解决是的零售经营的品种问题，“卖什么”，零售业种涉及到零售商品的种类根据政府统计部门的划分，零售商品共分为8大类：食品、饮料、烟草零售业日用百货零售业纺织品、服装、鞋帽零售业日用杂品零售业五金、交电、化工零售业药品及医疗器械零售业图书报刊零售业其他零售业（包括家具零售业、汽车、摩托车及其零配件零售业、计算机及软件、办公设备零售业等）
可以去参考（电子商务评论）这本刊物
零售是一系列的商业活动，它通过向消费者出售供个人及家庭使用的产品和服务来创造价值。通常，人们认为零售只是在商店里出售商品。事实上，零售也包括提供服务，如在汽车旅馆的住宿，医生进行的体检，理发，录像带的出租或者外卖比萨等。并且，零售活动也不全是在商店中进行的。非店面零售的例子如CD-NOW公司在网上出售CD唱片，玫琳凯直销化妆品，由比恩和巴塔哥尼亚公司提供的目录销售等 参考文献：美国迈克尔•利维和巴顿•韦茨的《零售管理》
具体点，我这有
这么多年不见
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