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有关农药的文献

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有关农药的文献

到中国知网,那里的比较全!

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或者是SDOL 电子期刊

生物农药 Biological pesticide ,biopesticideThe term biopesticide is often used for microbial biological control agents that are applied in a similar manner to chemical Commonly these are microbial biological insecticides, but there are also examples of fungal control agents, including Trichoderma and Ampelomyces quisqualis (a control agent for grape powdery mildew) Bacillus subtilis are used to control plant Weeds and rodents have also been controlled with microbial Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered At the end of 2001, there were approximately 195 registered biopesticide active ingredients and 780 Biopesticides fall into three major classes:Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (, a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s] For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific The most widely used microbial pesticides are subspecies and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or B Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a few related species of insect While some Bt's control moth larvae found on plants, other Bt's are specific for larvae of flies and The target insect species are determined by whether the particular Bt produces a protein that can bind to a larval gut receptor, thereby causing the insect larvae to Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein, and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic Then the plant, instead of the Bt bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroys the The protein and its genetic material, but not the plant itself, are regulated by EPA Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to Because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a substance meets the criteria for classification as a biochemical pesticide, EPA has established a special committee to make such What are the advantages of using biopesticides?Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional Biopesticides generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that may affect organisms as different as birds, insects, and Biopesticides often are effective in very small quantities and often decompose quickly, thereby resulting in lower exposures and largely avoiding the pollution problems caused by conventional When used as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, biopesticides can greatly decrease the use of conventional pesticides, while crop yields remain To use biopesticides effectively, however, users need to know a great deal about managing How does EPA encourage the development and use of biopesticides?In 1994, the Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division was established in the Office of Pesticide Programs to facilitate the registration of This Division promotes the use of safer pesticides, including biopesticides, as components of IPM The Division also coordinates the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) Since biopesticides tend to pose fewer risks than conventional pesticides, EPA generally requires much less data to register a biopesticide than to register a conventional In fact, new biopesticides are often registered in less than a year, compared with an average of more than 3 years for conventional While biopesticides require less data and are registered in less time than conventional pesticides, EPA always conducts rigorous reviews to ensure that pesticides will not have adverse effects on human health or the For EPA to be sure that a pesticide is safe, the Agency requires that registrants submit a variety of data about the composition, toxicity, degradation, and other characteristics of the pesticide----------------In what is described as an important step toward controlling crop-destroying insects without chemical pesticides, scientists have successfully used genetic engineering to hasten the work of biological pest In two separate experiments, researchers say they removed toxin-producing genes from mites and scorpions and inserted them in viruses that kill insect The toxins paralyzed the insects and prevented them from eating vegetation for much of the time it took the slowly working viruses to kill the Ordinarily, the insects would go on eating crops until they But because they were immobilized, plant damage in one experiment was half what it would otherwise have The United States and British experiments, which both involved the cabbage looper moth, were described in yesterday's issue of the British journal N Biological pesticides are an attractive alternative to expensive and environmentally dangerous chemical pesticides, but so far they have only secured about 1 percent of the worldwide pesticide The slowness of many biological controls, compared with chemical pesticides, is one 'A Long Step' The findings reported today "take the development of effective 'biopesticides' a long step further," two British experts say in a commentary in N They are Michael E Hochberg of the Center for Population at Imperial College and Jeffrey K Waage of the International Institute of Biological Control, both in Ascot, E Chemical pesticides are generally lethal to a broad spectrum of insects, killing beneficial insects as well as But the viruses that kill insect pests are limited to a number of species, or only They do not affect animals, including The new technique makes it possible to produce an efficient, genetically engineered virus aimed at any single pest, said D Lois K Miller, an entomologist and geneticist at the University of Georgia, whose laboratory conducted one She wrote one of the papers in Nature, along with D Michael D T The British experiment was conducted by D Robert D Possee and a number of his colleagues at the Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology operated by the National Environment Research Council at Oxford, E Both groups said that the paralyzing toxins added to the viruses were harmless to mice, and by extension to all mammals, but D Miller said that further test would be Both groups also said that insects were unlikely to develop resistance to the genetically engineered "Those insects infected with the virus and that are exposed to the toxin die," said D M "So there is little chance of a resistance being passed on to the next " Many insect species have developed resistance after being exposed for long periods to chemcial pesticides and also to plants into which toxic properties have been An extended period of testing and certification by university, industrial and government scientists will be necessary before the genetically altered viruses can be used commercially in the United S "It will take three to five years to move this through the registration procedures," D Miller Both the American and British experiments involved the larvae of the cabbage looper moth, a pest that attacks a wide variety of plants including cabbage and cabbage relatives, including broccoli and To kill these larvae, both teams of scientists used the same agent, called the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis Paralyzing the Larvae To paralyze the larvae while the virus was doing its work, the University of Georgia team selected a toxin produced by a tiny mite, Pyemotes tricici, that can immobilize insects 150,000 times the mite's The British team selected a toxin produced by the Algerian The American scientists found that the toxin from the mite reduced the time necessary to bring the plant-eating insects under control by 40 Control was defined as the death or paralysis of 50 percent of the insect

有关农药的文献有哪些

scopus是爱斯唯尔的另一个数据库 不仅包括SD的所有文献 还有很多摘要可以下载查看 它是全球最大的文摘引文数据库

可以到我的百度博客看看,有一些数据库帐号。也推荐了一些论坛,可以去求助。

生物杀虫剂, biopesticide期限biopesticide为被应用以相似的方式于化工杀虫剂的微生物生物控制介质是常用的。 共同地这些是微生物生物杀虫药,但也有霉菌控制介质的例子,包括Trichoderma spp。 并且Ampelomyces quisqualis (控制介质为葡萄白粉菌)。 枯草杆菌用于控制植物病原生物。 杂草和啮齿目动物也控制了与微生物代理。Biopesticides是从这样自然材料获得的杀虫剂的某些类型象动物、植物、细菌和某些矿物。 例如, canola油和发面苏打有杀虫应用和被认为biopesticides。 在2001年年底,有大约195种登记的biopesticide有效成分和780个产品。 Biopesticides分成三主课程:微生物杀虫剂包括微生物(即,细菌、真菌、病毒或者原生动物)作为有效成分。 微生物杀虫剂可能控制许多不同的虫,虽然其中每一分开的有效成分为它的目标虫[s]是相对地具体的。 例如,有控制某些杂草的真菌和杀害具体昆虫的其他真菌。最用途广泛的微生物杀虫剂是杆菌thuringiensis亚种和张力或者Bt。 这细菌每张力导致蛋白质的不同的混合和具体地杀害昆虫幼虫的一个或几个相关种类。 当某一Bt的控制飞蛾幼虫在植物时发现了,其他Bt的为飞行和蚊子幼虫是具体的。 目标昆虫种类被确定特殊Bt是否生产可能束缚对一种幼虫食道感受器官的蛋白质,从而造成昆虫幼虫的挨饿。植物被合并Protectants (小核)植物由基因生产增加了到植物的杀虫物质。 例如,科学家能采取基因为Bt杀虫蛋白质,并且介绍基因入植物的自己的基因。 然后植物,而不是Bt细菌,制造毁坏虫的物质。 蛋白质和它的基因,而是没有植物,是没有由EPA调控的。 生物化学的杀虫剂是由无毒机制控制虫的自然发生的物质。 常规杀虫剂,相反,一般是直接地杀害或撤消虫的合成材料。 生物化学的杀虫剂包括物质,例如昆虫性费洛蒙,干涉联接,以及吸引虫害对陷井的各种各样的有气味的植物萃取物。 由于确定是有时难的物质是否符合标准为分类作为生物化学的杀虫剂, EPA建立一个特别委员会做出这样决定。 什么是使用biopesticides的好处?Biopesticides比常规杀虫剂通常固有地较不毒性的。一般Biopesticides影响也许影响有机体一样不同象鸟、昆虫和哺乳动物仅的目标虫和紧密地相关的有机体,与宽广的光谱对比,常规杀虫剂。Biopesticides经常是有效的在非常少量和经常分解迅速,从而造成更低的曝光和大避免常规杀虫剂引起的污染问题。翻译The biological pesticide, biopesticide deadline biopesticide is applied by the similar way in the chemical pesticide microorganism biology control medium is commonly These are the microorganism biology insecticide together, but also has the mold to control the medium the example, including Trichoderma And Ampelomyces quisqualis (control medium for grape erysiphe) The bacillus subtilus uses in controlling the plant disease mother The weed and the rodents animal have also controlled and the microorganism Biopesticides is the pesticide certain type likely animal, the plant, the bacterium and certain minerals which obtains from the such natural For example, the canola oil and the yeast soda have the insect disinfestation application and are considered In 2001 the year's end, had about 195 kind of registration biopesticide effective components and 780 Biopesticides divides into three main curricula: The microorganism pesticide including the microorganism (, bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoon) takes the effective The microorganism pesticide possibly controls many different insects, although each separated effective component for its goal insect [s] is relatively For example, has controls certain weeds the fungus and kills the concrete insect other The most versatility microorganism pesticide is the bacillus thuringiensis subspecies and the tensity or B

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有关农药的文献资料

什么重金,我能找到!!!!!

农药残留对我国农业和经济发展的影晌随着市场经济和世界经济一体化的不断推进,农药残留作为技术壁垒将严重阻碍我国农业 生产和经济发展。其影响具体表现在以下三个方面。 1、农药残留影响人民生活质量。 近年来,中国农业已进入从数量向质量的转换时期,人们的生活质量和消费水平不断提高, 对农产品质量安全的要求也越来越高, 对绿色农产品的消费日益增长,祟尚自然、绿色消费成为时尚。而农药残留是影响农产品质量安全的关键因素,也是政府部门和广大城乡居民最为关心的热点问题。从目前市售农产品来看,与人民群众的生活需求相距甚大,不少农产品中农药残留的情况令人担忧,因食物中毒事件时有发生,严重危害了人民群众的身体健康。1992~1996年据26省、市的不完全统计, 5年间全国共报告农药中毒247349例, 年均病死率95%,其中生产性中毒61102例,5%是因使用杀虫剂引起的, 又以高毒类有机磷杀虫剂甲基对硫磷和甲胺磷为主;1997至2003年全国共报告农药中毒108372例, 其中生产性中毒27511例,生活性中毒30861例,分别占总中毒例数的39%和61%。 2、农药残留严重限制我国农副产品对外贸易。 目前世界上大宗农产品普遍供大于求, 国际市场越来越关注农产品的质量, 各国对进口的农产品质、卫生、安全等技术要求愈来愈严格,尤其是欧、美、日等发达国家, 对农产品中的农药、兽药残留, 以及其它有毒、有害物质含量标谁的规定到了近乎苛刻的地步,门槛越来越高,成为了“技术壁垒”、“绿色壁垒” 。如日本对我国菠菜规定的“毒死蜱”残留量标准是不超过01mg/kg , 但是对本国大量生产的萝卡规定的限量标准却高达3mg/kg,相差300倍之多。由于其具有名目繁多、复杂多变、伪装隐蔽等特点,使我国的农产品出口频频受阻,由于农药残留量超标, 被拒收、退货或销毁的现象时有发生。据统计,绿色壁垒造成我国农产品每年出口损失相当于当年出口总额的20% ,价值高达几百亿元。 3、农药残留阻碍我国绿色农业的发展。 绿色农业有狭义和广义两种理解。狭义的绿色农业是指绿色食品的生产和开发。广义的绿色农业, 有别于传统农业和现代农业, 是建立在现代科学技术基础上,充分合理利用和保护自然资源的农业生产体系,是高效、低耗、无公害的开放型农业系统。发展绿色农业是农业可持续发展的需要, 也是全球农业发展的趋势和走向。但我国农业生产现状与这一要求和趋势还不相称,原因之一即在于农药残留。食品、蔬菜等农产品因残留超标而难以跨越国外“绿色壁垒” ,在国际竞争中处于不利地位, 对发展开放型农业构成严重威胁。这种状况不改变, 我国的绿色农业建设与发展就无从谈起。 由上述可知,解决农药残留问题是保护人民生命安全,提高农产品质量,增强农产品市场竞争力,增加农民收入的关键问题。降低或消除农药残留的根本原则在于明确我国农药的发展方向,大力发展“无公害农药”。(浅谈农药工业与植保事业的和谐发展 我国是一个农业大国,农业是国民经济的基础。要在有限的人均耕地上提高农业生产水平、保护农业生态环境和增加农民收入,必须大力加强植物保护。而农药是加强植保的重要生产资料,农药企业应当在构建和谐植保,推进绿色农业,确保食品安全方面不断创造新的作为。认真探讨农药工业与植保事业和谐发展的对策,对于建设和谐社会具有重大现实意义。 一、和谐发展是农药工业与植保事业的共同追求 农药工业与植保事业休戚相关。众所周知,农药是用于预防、消灭或者控制危害农业、林业的病、虫、草和其他有害生物以及调节植物、昆虫生长的产品。它是直接为植物保护服务的。农药工业为植物保护提供产品,植物保护为农药工业提供市场。农药产品的品质和质量,直接关系到植物保护的效率、效果和效益。一个好的农药产品,只有经过植保实践的试验、示范和推广,才能获得旺盛的生命力。农药企业只有为植物保护提供优质的产品和服务,才能占有广阔的植保市场,才能扩大盈利能力,才能实现持续发展。而植物保护只有依靠高效、低毒、低残留、无污染的农药,才能达到有效防治病虫害、进而实现增产增收的预期目标。由此可见,农药工业与植保事业紧密关联,相互依存。 建设和谐社会要求农药工业与植保事业和谐发展。从发达国家经济发展的经验和规律看,人均国民收入超过800~1000美元之后,市场对农产品和食品的需求就开始由追求数量增长转向追求质量效益。在我国,随着经济和社会的发展,人们对生活质量的要求日益提高,农业正经受着由数量型向质量型、由产量型向效益型转变的深刻历史变革。这一变革的时代呼唤绿色,迫切要求通过和谐植保来满足和支撑无公害安全农产品生产,并保护环境不受污染。和谐植保就是要合理配置资源,实行与环境友好的农药与科学使用技术相结合,使农民在防止有害生物造成农作物预期损失中获得最大收益,并改善生活质量,达到人与自然和谐共处,保持环境、资源、经济和社会协调发展。这也是建设和谐社会的基本要求。因此,作为直接为植物保护事业提供产品及服务的农药工业,在发展方向上必须从非选择性农药转向选择性农药,从传统的有机化学物质转向“生态和谐农药”、“环境和谐农药”,开发新品必须具有安全、残留低、无公害、生物活性高、使用费用低等特性。这样,才能为构建和谐植保提供优质资源,进而为建设和谐社会作出贡献。 农药工业应强化和谐发展的经营理念。农药是把双刃剑。一方面对于保证农作物优质、高产具有不可或缺的作用,另一方面农药有毒有害的特性又会通过生物链危害人类生态环境和食品安全。近年来,我国农药行业有了长足进步,企业规模扩大,质量稳步提高,品种不断增加,为优质高效农业提供了强有力支撑。据报载,沈阳化工研究院自行研发的新农药氟吗啉,自2000年以来已在135万亩农作物面积上应用,为农业增效26亿元。农药对农业增收的作用可见一斑。但在目前农药生产经营中,依然存在诸多问题,如总体生产技术和工艺落后、研发能力薄弱、假冒伪劣产品屡禁不止、市场竞争秩序混乱、农药生产和使用造成的环境污染较为严重等。根据国家农药质量监督检验中心(沈阳)2004年的调查,在生产企业农药产品合格率达到85%以上,但是在市场和用户手中,产品的合格率不到45%。不合格的农药用于植保,势必影响到农业增效、农民增收;特别是假冒伪劣农药坑农害农,更是直接影响到社会的安定。去年浙江查处的“稻卷宁”案,今年江苏淮安查处的“虫病无影”假农药致4000亩小麦绝收案,山东潍坊查处的食用色素勾兑假农药案等,无不给人们留下深入的思考。正反两方面的事例说明,构建和谐植保,农药工业责无旁贷。每一个农药企业都应当强化和谐发展的理念,在构建和谐植保中主动尽责,推进农药工业与植保事业同步和谐发展。 二、农药工业企业在构建和谐植保中大有作为 农药企业要自主创新,重抓新品开发,着力提高植保用药的科技含量。随着社会的进步,人们对农产品的消费需求不断提升。农药企业要适应消费者需求的变化,主动开发高科技含量的新农药,使植物保护过程实现无污染防治,从而为广大人民群众提供“放心米”、“放心菜”、“放心果”等放心食品。多年来,克胜集团潜心研究把握产业发展的政策导向和技术走势,确立了高效、低毒、低残留、友好环境的化学农药与生物农药相结合的自主创新之路。通过艰苦努力,不断推出新产品,先后承担了国家级、省级星火(火炬)项目11个,国家“双加”工程项目和农药专项项目3个。克胜面市系列产品中无剧毒、高毒和中毒农药,已有9个被农业部农技中心列为主推产品,11个被认定为无公害推荐农药品种。2003年以来,集团又抓住国家禁用高毒农药的契机,先后投入经费2000万元,研发拥有自主知识产权的全新结构的烟碱类先导化合物—IPP,使农药新品开发的层次进一步提升。目前在新建的“克胜高新技术工业园”,首批投资上亿元的项目中就有PMC、啶虫隆、己唑醇等具有一系列自主核心技术的新产品,都具有低毒、友好环境等特性。项目建成达产后,可大大减少同类产品对国外的依赖,满足国内国际市场的需求,对构建和谐植保,提高农产品品质,突破“绿色壁垒”,推进我国农产品出口创汇,都将发挥积极的促进作用。 农药企业要强化管理,提升产品质量,精心打造植保用药的放心品牌。农药新品是否高效、低毒、低残留,必须到植保实践中检验,必须让农民验证。农民最讲究实惠,最信奉质量,最看中效果。作为农药企业,应当强化管理,狠抓质量,以品质铸就品牌、打造名牌。克胜集团坚持投资品质,崇尚“克己奉农,品质制胜”,通过ISO9000质量管理体系和ISO14000环境管理体系“双认证”,多途径强化员工质量意识、品牌意识,坚持“按照标准来,沿着程序走”,从基础管理抓起,抓细、抓实精益现场管理,合理定置,健全制度,强化监督,严格考核,努力实现管理“零盲点”、安全“零事故”、质量“零缺陷”。继克胜农药荣列“中国农药十大名牌”、“全国15放心产品”后,2004年克胜商标又跻身“中国驰名商标”行列,成为新商标法颁布后农药行业唯一的驰名商标。集团以此为新起点,进一步深化贯标,持续改进质量管理,确保产品质量、包装质量、服务质量达到同行领先、用户放心,致力于克胜品牌青春永驻,驰名中外。近几年来,其主导产品扫螨净、蚜虱净的年产量、销售额、利税、市场占有率等经济指标高居全国农药行业同类产品榜首。 农药企业要发挥优势,搞好售后服务,积极进行植保用药的技术指导。构建和谐植保,农药企业不仅要为农民提供优质产品,而且要发挥技术优势,提供关爱式服务、增值服务,让农民掌握科学防治病虫害知识,适时适量用药,既节约农本,又增强防治效果。克胜集团历来重视产品售后服务,通过市场网络,组织送技术下乡,为农民科学用药提供实实在在的技术指导。2005年克胜又开展系列性的为农服务活动,先后聘请西北农大、四川省果树研究所等院校的专家教授分乘6辆依维柯服务车,走乡串村,行程10万余公里,举办农药讲座60场,并组织农药经销商聘请当地农技人员宣讲用药知识,受到农民群众普遍欢迎。活动中还为50多名贫困生提供助学资金,向500户贫困农民赠送农药,向50个行政村赠送科技图书,为200多家农药经销商装璜店面。克胜人用为农服务的实际行动在践行“三个代表”,诠释和谐,回报社会。 农药企业要清洁生产,节约社会资源,努力降低植保用药的实际成本。农药企业要采用清洁的能源和原材料,通过清洁的生产过程,制造出“清洁的产品”,实现“增效、降耗、节能、减污”目的。要消除和减少对人类健康和生态环境的影响,农药工业就必须从源头抓起,实行清洁生产,全面执行国家环境保护政策,实现经济效益、环境效益与社会效益的统一。多年来,克胜集团在“三废”治理上舍得投资。2004年在克胜高新技术工业园又投资1500万元兴建万吨污水处理厂和废弃物焚烧装置。在制造高科技含量新产品的同时,积极开发水剂、水悬浮剂、水分散粒剂等新剂型,减少甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮等溶剂用量,大大削减了农药使用对环境的不良影响。2004年以来,动力分厂全力推行循环经济,仅节水技改每年就为集团节约费用63万元,使工业用水重复利用率达95%,新水取用率下降50%。新建的废弃物焚烧炉通过回收热能再利用,全年可节煤450吨。 农药企业要主动配合,打击假冒伪劣,切实维护植保用药的货真价实。目前农药市场假冒伪劣产品坑农害农的现象屡见不鲜,严重影响植保和谐、社会和谐。对此,农药企业应该主动出击,依法维权。克胜集团在获得中国驰名商标后,面临着更为艰巨的打假维权保名牌的任务。2005年集团打假办紧密配合公安、工商、技术监督、农业执法等部门干部,已先后出动近100人次,分赴各地营销市场打假,依法立案查处了5起侵犯克胜中国驰名商标专用权案件,并针对面广量大的“傍克胜”名牌产品“蚜虱净”、“扫满净”等行为,在相关厂商所在地进行面对面现场举报打击,有力地震摄了假农药生产者和经销者,为净化农药市场,维护广大农民消费者利益作出了不懈的努力。 三、进一步推进农药企业与植保事业和谐发展的构想 发展农药工业的实践使我们体会到,一个有社会责任感的农药企业,在构建和谐植保中是能够有所作为的。但构建和谐植保是一个庞大的系统工程,需要多方面的合作和全方位的支撑。农药企业要创造更大的作为,必须不断研究新情况,解决新问题。纵观世界农药发展的新趋势,分析我国农药发展的新特点,我们建议: 要强化政策引导。国家要针对我国农药企业数量多、规模小、水平不一、竞争无序、竞争层面低等实际状况,抓紧制定加快农药工业发展的产业政策,通过抬高准入门槛,严格登记制度,淘汰一批;通过改革改制,整合资源,提高一批;通过倡导联合,鼓励兼并,壮大一批,从而使植保用药的质量从源头上得到保证。同时要完善农药经营的相关政策,支持农药品牌企业实行连锁经营,直接为搞好植保提供一流产品。 要坚持依法管理。目前我国农药生产、使用、管理方面的法律法规还不够系统和全面,执法主体错位、缺位、争位同时并存,有法不依、执法不严、管理不到位的现象经常出现。为此,迫切期望国家借鉴国外农药管理经验,尽快制定出台《农药法》及其实施条例或办法,要从执政为民的高度,进一步强化农业执法部门依法管理的权利和责任。要根据农药有益有害的两面性特点,大力强化农药管理的法治宣传,切实营造良好的法制环境;严厉打击制假售假者,遏制“傍名牌”恶流,坚决维护农药市场秩序,保护消费者利益,促进社会和谐发展。 要集聚和谐合力。我们呼吁业内同行,紧紧围绕和谐发展主题,按照“优势互补、互惠互利”的原则,谋求合作,实现共赢。一是农药企业要建立行业合作联盟,增强与国际跨国公司同台竞技的实力,提升农药产品的品质和质量。二是农药企业要与植保系统联手合作,尤其是注重发挥植保系统的技术优势、网络优势、信息优势,切实搞好农药新品的试验、示范和推广。三是农药工业企业要与流通企业牵手营销,共同承担净化市场、服务“三农”的责任,特别要重视探索建立绿色联盟,发展农资连锁新业态的路径。此外,在人才、科技、资本等领域,也要积极整合资源,不断开创团结协作、和谐发展的新局面。 (信息来源:中国植保,作者:吴重言)

看起来好难呢

生物农药 Biological pesticide ,biopesticideThe term biopesticide is often used for microbial biological control agents that are applied in a similar manner to chemical Commonly these are microbial biological insecticides, but there are also examples of fungal control agents, including Trichoderma and Ampelomyces quisqualis (a control agent for grape powdery mildew) Bacillus subtilis are used to control plant Weeds and rodents have also been controlled with microbial Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered At the end of 2001, there were approximately 195 registered biopesticide active ingredients and 780 Biopesticides fall into three major classes:Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (, a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s] For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific The most widely used microbial pesticides are subspecies and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or B Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a few related species of insect While some Bt's control moth larvae found on plants, other Bt's are specific for larvae of flies and The target insect species are determined by whether the particular Bt produces a protein that can bind to a larval gut receptor, thereby causing the insect larvae to Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein, and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic Then the plant, instead of the Bt bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroys the The protein and its genetic material, but not the plant itself, are regulated by EPA Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to Because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a substance meets the criteria for classification as a biochemical pesticide, EPA has established a special committee to make such What are the advantages of using biopesticides?Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional Biopesticides generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that may affect organisms as different as birds, insects, and Biopesticides often are effective in very small quantities and often decompose quickly, thereby resulting in lower exposures and largely avoiding the pollution problems caused by conventional When used as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, biopesticides can greatly decrease the use of conventional pesticides, while crop yields remain To use biopesticides effectively, however, users need to know a great deal about managing How does EPA encourage the development and use of biopesticides?In 1994, the Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division was established in the Office of Pesticide Programs to facilitate the registration of This Division promotes the use of safer pesticides, including biopesticides, as components of IPM The Division also coordinates the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) Since biopesticides tend to pose fewer risks than conventional pesticides, EPA generally requires much less data to register a biopesticide than to register a conventional In fact, new biopesticides are often registered in less than a year, compared with an average of more than 3 years for conventional While biopesticides require less data and are registered in less time than conventional pesticides, EPA always conducts rigorous reviews to ensure that pesticides will not have adverse effects on human health or the For EPA to be sure that a pesticide is safe, the Agency requires that registrants submit a variety of data about the composition, toxicity, degradation, and other characteristics of the pesticide----------------In what is described as an important step toward controlling crop-destroying insects without chemical pesticides, scientists have successfully used genetic engineering to hasten the work of biological pest In two separate experiments, researchers say they removed toxin-producing genes from mites and scorpions and inserted them in viruses that kill insect The toxins paralyzed the insects and prevented them from eating vegetation for much of the time it took the slowly working viruses to kill the Ordinarily, the insects would go on eating crops until they But because they were immobilized, plant damage in one experiment was half what it would otherwise have The United States and British experiments, which both involved the cabbage looper moth, were described in yesterday's issue of the British journal N Biological pesticides are an attractive alternative to expensive and environmentally dangerous chemical pesticides, but so far they have only secured about 1 percent of the worldwide pesticide The slowness of many biological controls, compared with chemical pesticides, is one 'A Long Step' The findings reported today "take the development of effective 'biopesticides' a long step further," two British experts say in a commentary in N They are Michael E Hochberg of the Center for Population at Imperial College and Jeffrey K Waage of the International Institute of Biological Control, both in Ascot, E Chemical pesticides are generally lethal to a broad spectrum of insects, killing beneficial insects as well as But the viruses that kill insect pests are limited to a number of species, or only They do not affect animals, including The new technique makes it possible to produce an efficient, genetically engineered virus aimed at any single pest, said D Lois K Miller, an entomologist and geneticist at the University of Georgia, whose laboratory conducted one She wrote one of the papers in Nature, along with D Michael D T The British experiment was conducted by D Robert D Possee and a number of his colleagues at the Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology operated by the National Environment Research Council at Oxford, E Both groups said that the paralyzing toxins added to the viruses were harmless to mice, and by extension to all mammals, but D Miller said that further test would be Both groups also said that insects were unlikely to develop resistance to the genetically engineered "Those insects infected with the virus and that are exposed to the toxin die," said D M "So there is little chance of a resistance being passed on to the next " Many insect species have developed resistance after being exposed for long periods to chemcial pesticides and also to plants into which toxic properties have been An extended period of testing and certification by university, industrial and government scientists will be necessary before the genetically altered viruses can be used commercially in the United S "It will take three to five years to move this through the registration procedures," D Miller Both the American and British experiments involved the larvae of the cabbage looper moth, a pest that attacks a wide variety of plants including cabbage and cabbage relatives, including broccoli and To kill these larvae, both teams of scientists used the same agent, called the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis Paralyzing the Larvae To paralyze the larvae while the virus was doing its work, the University of Georgia team selected a toxin produced by a tiny mite, Pyemotes tricici, that can immobilize insects 150,000 times the mite's The British team selected a toxin produced by the Algerian The American scientists found that the toxin from the mite reduced the time necessary to bring the plant-eating insects under control by 40 Control was defined as the death or paralysis of 50 percent of the insect

有关农药的文献综述

常见氮肥有碳酸氢铵,硫酸铵,氯化铵,硝酸铵,尿素。常见磷肥有过磷酸钙,钙镁磷肥,磷矿粉。常见钾肥有硫酸钾,氯化钾,草木灰。混合化肥有磷酸铵磷酸二氢钾,硝酸钾。农药有杀虫剂(敌百虫,叶蝉散,乐果等等)杀菌剂(波尔多液,甲基托布津等)杀螨剂,杀线虫剂(威百亩)杀鼠剂,除草剂(草甘膦 2,4–D丁脂 等等)不知道有木有帮助。。。

农药残留对我国农业和经济发展的影晌随着市场经济和世界经济一体化的不断推进,农药残留作为技术壁垒将严重阻碍我国农业 生产和经济发展。其影响具体表现在以下三个方面。 1、农药残留影响人民生活质量。 近年来,中国农业已进入从数量向质量的转换时期,人们的生活质量和消费水平不断提高, 对农产品质量安全的要求也越来越高, 对绿色农产品的消费日益增长,祟尚自然、绿色消费成为时尚。而农药残留是影响农产品质量安全的关键因素,也是政府部门和广大城乡居民最为关心的热点问题。从目前市售农产品来看,与人民群众的生活需求相距甚大,不少农产品中农药残留的情况令人担忧,因食物中毒事件时有发生,严重危害了人民群众的身体健康。1992~1996年据26省、市的不完全统计, 5年间全国共报告农药中毒247349例, 年均病死率95%,其中生产性中毒61102例,5%是因使用杀虫剂引起的, 又以高毒类有机磷杀虫剂甲基对硫磷和甲胺磷为主;1997至2003年全国共报告农药中毒108372例, 其中生产性中毒27511例,生活性中毒30861例,分别占总中毒例数的39%和61%。 2、农药残留严重限制我国农副产品对外贸易。 目前世界上大宗农产品普遍供大于求, 国际市场越来越关注农产品的质量, 各国对进口的农产品质、卫生、安全等技术要求愈来愈严格,尤其是欧、美、日等发达国家, 对农产品中的农药、兽药残留, 以及其它有毒、有害物质含量标谁的规定到了近乎苛刻的地步,门槛越来越高,成为了“技术壁垒”、“绿色壁垒” 。如日本对我国菠菜规定的“毒死蜱”残留量标准是不超过01mg/kg , 但是对本国大量生产的萝卡规定的限量标准却高达3mg/kg,相差300倍之多。由于其具有名目繁多、复杂多变、伪装隐蔽等特点,使我国的农产品出口频频受阻,由于农药残留量超标, 被拒收、退货或销毁的现象时有发生。据统计,绿色壁垒造成我国农产品每年出口损失相当于当年出口总额的20% ,价值高达几百亿元。 3、农药残留阻碍我国绿色农业的发展。 绿色农业有狭义和广义两种理解。狭义的绿色农业是指绿色食品的生产和开发。广义的绿色农业, 有别于传统农业和现代农业, 是建立在现代科学技术基础上,充分合理利用和保护自然资源的农业生产体系,是高效、低耗、无公害的开放型农业系统。发展绿色农业是农业可持续发展的需要, 也是全球农业发展的趋势和走向。但我国农业生产现状与这一要求和趋势还不相称,原因之一即在于农药残留。食品、蔬菜等农产品因残留超标而难以跨越国外“绿色壁垒” ,在国际竞争中处于不利地位, 对发展开放型农业构成严重威胁。这种状况不改变, 我国的绿色农业建设与发展就无从谈起。 由上述可知,解决农药残留问题是保护人民生命安全,提高农产品质量,增强农产品市场竞争力,增加农民收入的关键问题。降低或消除农药残留的根本原则在于明确我国农药的发展方向,大力发展“无公害农药”。(浅谈农药工业与植保事业的和谐发展 我国是一个农业大国,农业是国民经济的基础。要在有限的人均耕地上提高农业生产水平、保护农业生态环境和增加农民收入,必须大力加强植物保护。而农药是加强植保的重要生产资料,农药企业应当在构建和谐植保,推进绿色农业,确保食品安全方面不断创造新的作为。认真探讨农药工业与植保事业和谐发展的对策,对于建设和谐社会具有重大现实意义。 一、和谐发展是农药工业与植保事业的共同追求 农药工业与植保事业休戚相关。众所周知,农药是用于预防、消灭或者控制危害农业、林业的病、虫、草和其他有害生物以及调节植物、昆虫生长的产品。它是直接为植物保护服务的。农药工业为植物保护提供产品,植物保护为农药工业提供市场。农药产品的品质和质量,直接关系到植物保护的效率、效果和效益。一个好的农药产品,只有经过植保实践的试验、示范和推广,才能获得旺盛的生命力。农药企业只有为植物保护提供优质的产品和服务,才能占有广阔的植保市场,才能扩大盈利能力,才能实现持续发展。而植物保护只有依靠高效、低毒、低残留、无污染的农药,才能达到有效防治病虫害、进而实现增产增收的预期目标。由此可见,农药工业与植保事业紧密关联,相互依存。 建设和谐社会要求农药工业与植保事业和谐发展。从发达国家经济发展的经验和规律看,人均国民收入超过800~1000美元之后,市场对农产品和食品的需求就开始由追求数量增长转向追求质量效益。在我国,随着经济和社会的发展,人们对生活质量的要求日益提高,农业正经受着由数量型向质量型、由产量型向效益型转变的深刻历史变革。这一变革的时代呼唤绿色,迫切要求通过和谐植保来满足和支撑无公害安全农产品生产,并保护环境不受污染。和谐植保就是要合理配置资源,实行与环境友好的农药与科学使用技术相结合,使农民在防止有害生物造成农作物预期损失中获得最大收益,并改善生活质量,达到人与自然和谐共处,保持环境、资源、经济和社会协调发展。这也是建设和谐社会的基本要求。因此,作为直接为植物保护事业提供产品及服务的农药工业,在发展方向上必须从非选择性农药转向选择性农药,从传统的有机化学物质转向“生态和谐农药”、“环境和谐农药”,开发新品必须具有安全、残留低、无公害、生物活性高、使用费用低等特性。这样,才能为构建和谐植保提供优质资源,进而为建设和谐社会作出贡献。 农药工业应强化和谐发展的经营理念。农药是把双刃剑。一方面对于保证农作物优质、高产具有不可或缺的作用,另一方面农药有毒有害的特性又会通过生物链危害人类生态环境和食品安全。近年来,我国农药行业有了长足进步,企业规模扩大,质量稳步提高,品种不断增加,为优质高效农业提供了强有力支撑。据报载,沈阳化工研究院自行研发的新农药氟吗啉,自2000年以来已在135万亩农作物面积上应用,为农业增效26亿元。农药对农业增收的作用可见一斑。但在目前农药生产经营中,依然存在诸多问题,如总体生产技术和工艺落后、研发能力薄弱、假冒伪劣产品屡禁不止、市场竞争秩序混乱、农药生产和使用造成的环境污染较为严重等。根据国家农药质量监督检验中心(沈阳)2004年的调查,在生产企业农药产品合格率达到85%以上,但是在市场和用户手中,产品的合格率不到45%。不合格的农药用于植保,势必影响到农业增效、农民增收;特别是假冒伪劣农药坑农害农,更是直接影响到社会的安定。去年浙江查处的“稻卷宁”案,今年江苏淮安查处的“虫病无影”假农药致4000亩小麦绝收案,山东潍坊查处的食用色素勾兑假农药案等,无不给人们留下深入的思考。正反两方面的事例说明,构建和谐植保,农药工业责无旁贷。每一个农药企业都应当强化和谐发展的理念,在构建和谐植保中主动尽责,推进农药工业与植保事业同步和谐发展。 二、农药工业企业在构建和谐植保中大有作为 农药企业要自主创新,重抓新品开发,着力提高植保用药的科技含量。随着社会的进步,人们对农产品的消费需求不断提升。农药企业要适应消费者需求的变化,主动开发高科技含量的新农药,使植物保护过程实现无污染防治,从而为广大人民群众提供“放心米”、“放心菜”、“放心果”等放心食品。多年来,克胜集团潜心研究把握产业发展的政策导向和技术走势,确立了高效、低毒、低残留、友好环境的化学农药与生物农药相结合的自主创新之路。通过艰苦努力,不断推出新产品,先后承担了国家级、省级星火(火炬)项目11个,国家“双加”工程项目和农药专项项目3个。克胜面市系列产品中无剧毒、高毒和中毒农药,已有9个被农业部农技中心列为主推产品,11个被认定为无公害推荐农药品种。2003年以来,集团又抓住国家禁用高毒农药的契机,先后投入经费2000万元,研发拥有自主知识产权的全新结构的烟碱类先导化合物—IPP,使农药新品开发的层次进一步提升。目前在新建的“克胜高新技术工业园”,首批投资上亿元的项目中就有PMC、啶虫隆、己唑醇等具有一系列自主核心技术的新产品,都具有低毒、友好环境等特性。项目建成达产后,可大大减少同类产品对国外的依赖,满足国内国际市场的需求,对构建和谐植保,提高农产品品质,突破“绿色壁垒”,推进我国农产品出口创汇,都将发挥积极的促进作用。 农药企业要强化管理,提升产品质量,精心打造植保用药的放心品牌。农药新品是否高效、低毒、低残留,必须到植保实践中检验,必须让农民验证。农民最讲究实惠,最信奉质量,最看中效果。作为农药企业,应当强化管理,狠抓质量,以品质铸就品牌、打造名牌。克胜集团坚持投资品质,崇尚“克己奉农,品质制胜”,通过ISO9000质量管理体系和ISO14000环境管理体系“双认证”,多途径强化员工质量意识、品牌意识,坚持“按照标准来,沿着程序走”,从基础管理抓起,抓细、抓实精益现场管理,合理定置,健全制度,强化监督,严格考核,努力实现管理“零盲点”、安全“零事故”、质量“零缺陷”。继克胜农药荣列“中国农药十大名牌”、“全国15放心产品”后,2004年克胜商标又跻身“中国驰名商标”行列,成为新商标法颁布后农药行业唯一的驰名商标。集团以此为新起点,进一步深化贯标,持续改进质量管理,确保产品质量、包装质量、服务质量达到同行领先、用户放心,致力于克胜品牌青春永驻,驰名中外。近几年来,其主导产品扫螨净、蚜虱净的年产量、销售额、利税、市场占有率等经济指标高居全国农药行业同类产品榜首。 农药企业要发挥优势,搞好售后服务,积极进行植保用药的技术指导。构建和谐植保,农药企业不仅要为农民提供优质产品,而且要发挥技术优势,提供关爱式服务、增值服务,让农民掌握科学防治病虫害知识,适时适量用药,既节约农本,又增强防治效果。克胜集团历来重视产品售后服务,通过市场网络,组织送技术下乡,为农民科学用药提供实实在在的技术指导。2005年克胜又开展系列性的为农服务活动,先后聘请西北农大、四川省果树研究所等院校的专家教授分乘6辆依维柯服务车,走乡串村,行程10万余公里,举办农药讲座60场,并组织农药经销商聘请当地农技人员宣讲用药知识,受到农民群众普遍欢迎。活动中还为50多名贫困生提供助学资金,向500户贫困农民赠送农药,向50个行政村赠送科技图书,为200多家农药经销商装璜店面。克胜人用为农服务的实际行动在践行“三个代表”,诠释和谐,回报社会。 农药企业要清洁生产,节约社会资源,努力降低植保用药的实际成本。农药企业要采用清洁的能源和原材料,通过清洁的生产过程,制造出“清洁的产品”,实现“增效、降耗、节能、减污”目的。要消除和减少对人类健康和生态环境的影响,农药工业就必须从源头抓起,实行清洁生产,全面执行国家环境保护政策,实现经济效益、环境效益与社会效益的统一。多年来,克胜集团在“三废”治理上舍得投资。2004年在克胜高新技术工业园又投资1500万元兴建万吨污水处理厂和废弃物焚烧装置。在制造高科技含量新产品的同时,积极开发水剂、水悬浮剂、水分散粒剂等新剂型,减少甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮等溶剂用量,大大削减了农药使用对环境的不良影响。2004年以来,动力分厂全力推行循环经济,仅节水技改每年就为集团节约费用63万元,使工业用水重复利用率达95%,新水取用率下降50%。新建的废弃物焚烧炉通过回收热能再利用,全年可节煤450吨。 农药企业要主动配合,打击假冒伪劣,切实维护植保用药的货真价实。目前农药市场假冒伪劣产品坑农害农的现象屡见不鲜,严重影响植保和谐、社会和谐。对此,农药企业应该主动出击,依法维权。克胜集团在获得中国驰名商标后,面临着更为艰巨的打假维权保名牌的任务。2005年集团打假办紧密配合公安、工商、技术监督、农业执法等部门干部,已先后出动近100人次,分赴各地营销市场打假,依法立案查处了5起侵犯克胜中国驰名商标专用权案件,并针对面广量大的“傍克胜”名牌产品“蚜虱净”、“扫满净”等行为,在相关厂商所在地进行面对面现场举报打击,有力地震摄了假农药生产者和经销者,为净化农药市场,维护广大农民消费者利益作出了不懈的努力。 三、进一步推进农药企业与植保事业和谐发展的构想 发展农药工业的实践使我们体会到,一个有社会责任感的农药企业,在构建和谐植保中是能够有所作为的。但构建和谐植保是一个庞大的系统工程,需要多方面的合作和全方位的支撑。农药企业要创造更大的作为,必须不断研究新情况,解决新问题。纵观世界农药发展的新趋势,分析我国农药发展的新特点,我们建议: 要强化政策引导。国家要针对我国农药企业数量多、规模小、水平不一、竞争无序、竞争层面低等实际状况,抓紧制定加快农药工业发展的产业政策,通过抬高准入门槛,严格登记制度,淘汰一批;通过改革改制,整合资源,提高一批;通过倡导联合,鼓励兼并,壮大一批,从而使植保用药的质量从源头上得到保证。同时要完善农药经营的相关政策,支持农药品牌企业实行连锁经营,直接为搞好植保提供一流产品。 要坚持依法管理。目前我国农药生产、使用、管理方面的法律法规还不够系统和全面,执法主体错位、缺位、争位同时并存,有法不依、执法不严、管理不到位的现象经常出现。为此,迫切期望国家借鉴国外农药管理经验,尽快制定出台《农药法》及其实施条例或办法,要从执政为民的高度,进一步强化农业执法部门依法管理的权利和责任。要根据农药有益有害的两面性特点,大力强化农药管理的法治宣传,切实营造良好的法制环境;严厉打击制假售假者,遏制“傍名牌”恶流,坚决维护农药市场秩序,保护消费者利益,促进社会和谐发展。 要集聚和谐合力。我们呼吁业内同行,紧紧围绕和谐发展主题,按照“优势互补、互惠互利”的原则,谋求合作,实现共赢。一是农药企业要建立行业合作联盟,增强与国际跨国公司同台竞技的实力,提升农药产品的品质和质量。二是农药企业要与植保系统联手合作,尤其是注重发挥植保系统的技术优势、网络优势、信息优势,切实搞好农药新品的试验、示范和推广。三是农药工业企业要与流通企业牵手营销,共同承担净化市场、服务“三农”的责任,特别要重视探索建立绿色联盟,发展农资连锁新业态的路径。此外,在人才、科技、资本等领域,也要积极整合资源,不断开创团结协作、和谐发展的新局面。 (信息来源:中国植保,作者:吴重言)

(一)以非农药冒充农药或者以此种农药冒充他种农药的。(二)所含有效成份的种类、名称与产品标签或者说晚明书上注明的农药有效成份的种类、名称不符的。农药可以用来杀灭昆虫、真菌和其他危害作物生长的生物。最早使用的农药有滴滴涕、六六六等它们能大量消灭害虫。但它们的稳定性好,能在环境中长期存在,并在动植物及人体中不断积累,为此被淘汰。后来改用有机磷农药,如敌敌畏等,替代最初的农药。然而它们含有磷元素,容易造成水生物富营养化。近年来,一批高效低毒的农药出现,现在人们已经找到了具有专一性的农药,即激素类农药。根据防治对象,可分为杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀鼠剂、除草剂、脱叶剂、植物生长调节剂等。

有关农药的文献的读书笔记

11年啊~~~~~~12年的作业依旧啊~~~~~~悲催的一中学子

读《寂静的春天》有感 春天,本该是一个万物复苏、充满生机的季节。如果因为人类的所作所为,而成为一个寂静的,甚至于说是死寂的世界,我不禁因为人类这个身份而感到羞愧和反思。最早知道《寂静的春天》这本书,还是当初还在初中读生物的时候。当看到蕾切尔所描写的那一个没有生命气息的地方,不得不说,我真的震惊了。“这儿的清晨曾经荡漾着乌鸦、鸫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、鹪鹩的合唱以及其他鸟鸣的音浪;而现在一切声音都没有了”,“ 曾经一度是多么引人的小路两旁,现在排列着仿佛火灾劫后的、焦黄的、枯萎的植物”,无声却又有力地诉说了人类的罪行。“被生命抛弃了的”,这是多么让人心颤的形容词。我甚至无法想象那么一个死寂的地方,所呼吸的空气都让人的肺部隐隐作痛,嗯,如果没有了生物,那里的气体还算是空气的话。然后我们发现,导致这一片寂静的是因为DDT杀虫剂。在我们这个年代,DDT已经销声匿迹了,但农药却从未淡出我们的视野。那些农药生产商、销售商,乃至于政府的有关部门在明知道农药的危害情况下还是大量生产和使用。通过食物链的传递,这些药物已经进入人的体内,危害着人的健康,甚至是未出生的胎儿。蕾切尔把DDT的危害写出来,不得不赞叹她的先见之明和勇敢。她所列举的一个个让我们听得目瞪口呆却活生生的例子,不仅仅是对我们的警钟,更是一种启示。人们似乎总是太过着眼于眼前的利益,哪怕明知道那是短期的、不理智的,却还是饮鸩止渴,以牺牲后代人的利益为代价来换取自己的利益最大化。说起来,当初发现DDT具有杀虫性的人还曾获得诺贝尔奖,不得不说是人类对环境保护的不重视一大例子。即使在预料到会失败的情况下,她还是选择了把这本书写出来,即使当时她已经深受癌症所害,这正是她个人所具有的其他同时代人不具有的勇气。在虫害这一问题上,蕾切尔在书中更推荐人们使用的是生物控制的方法。在她那个时代,生物控制科学才刚刚起步,她已经预见到了希望。而在我们现在这个新时代,难道不是有更好的科学技术?现在,生物控制的方法已经成为一个热点,正是由于其环保性与生态性。或许,这些事需要的专业性知识很强,但其实我们可以通过一些小事一点点地来挽救我们的地球,哪怕仅仅只是不随手丢弃垃圾而已。1964年春天,蕾切尔·卡逊逝世后,一切都很清楚了,她的声音永远不会寂静。卡逊的文章,让整个世界都沉思,多年之后的我们是如此地赞成她的观点,而在多年之前,卡逊是用自己的生命在抗争,在呐喊,来唤醒沉睡的人们,来唤醒沉迷于眼前利益的人们。《寂静的春天》的出版应该恰当地被看成是现代环境运动的肇始。或许这种运动来得有点晚,但绝对不迟,只要我们能努力去做,这个春天,会重新充满生机。

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