• 回答数

    3

  • 浏览数

    199

洋葱吵大肠
首页 > 论文问答 > 写论文常用词汇英语

3个回答 默认排序
  • 默认排序
  • 按时间排序

优优来来

已采纳
abstractanalyse focus expound
358 评论

约翰尼德斌

英文题名和英文摘要是学术类和技术类科技期刊论文的重要组成部分,是国际间传播、学术交流与合作的桥梁和媒介,有其特殊的意义和作用。好的英文题名和英文摘要对于增加期刊和论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。为了帮助读者撰写论文英文题名和英文摘要,本文总结了英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求及注意事项,以给读者提供参考和指导。  一、论文题名  英文题名撰写的基本要求  题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括文章的主旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。  英文题名撰写的注意事项  除了以上基本要求,我们在写英文题名时还应注意以下几个问题。  (1)英文题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰,要注意采用正确的单词顺序,形容词应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻。  (2)英文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。英文题名开头第一个字不得用The, And, An和A  (3)英文题名中的大小写有以下3种格式:全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写,但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。  (4)中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。  总之,题名的用词十分重要,它直接关系到读者对文章的取舍态度,务必字字斟酌。  二、论文摘要  摘要的定义  摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是论文主体的高度浓缩,它应该能提炼论文的主要观点,简明地描述论文的内容和范围,简短地进行概括和总结。摘要能让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足,并为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。  摘要撰写的基本要求和注意事项  (1)不得简单重复题名中已有的信息,切忌把引言中出现的内容写入摘要,不要照搬论文正文中的小标题或论文结论部分的文字,也不要对论文内容作诠释和评价。  (2)尽量采用文字叙述,不要将文中的数据罗列在摘要中;文字要简洁,应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容,应删除无意义的或不必要的字眼;内容不宜展开论证说明,不要列举例证,不介绍研究过程。  (3)摘要的内容必须完整,不能把论文中所阐述的主要内容、观点遗漏,应写成一篇可以独立使用的短文。  (4)摘要一般不分段,切忌条列式书写法。陈述要客观,对研究过程、方法和成果等不宜做主观评价,也不宜与别人的研究作对比说明。  (5)用第三人称。建议采用"对……进行了研究"、"报告了……现状"、"进行了……调查"等记述方式标明文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语。  (6)要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。  英文摘要撰写的注意事项  原则上,以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。  (1)英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。  (2)英文摘要的语态。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混合使用语态,更不要在一个句子里混用。现在主张摘要中谓语动词尽量采用主动语态的越来越多,因其有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。  (3)英文摘要的人称。原来摘要的首句多用第三人称This paper…等开头,现在倾向于用原形动词开头,如: To describe…, To investigate…, To study…等,行文时最好不用第一人称,以方便文摘刊物的编辑刊用。  英文摘要的常用句式  (1)回顾研究背景,常用的词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。(2)阐明写作或研究目的,常用的词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等。此外,还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用的词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。(4)介绍研究或试验过程,常用的词汇有test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。(5)说明研究或试验方法,常用的词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等。(6)展示研究成果,常用的词汇有show, result, present等。(7)介绍结论,常用的词汇有summary, introduce, conclude等。(8)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用的词汇有suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。(9)阐明论证,常用的词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。(10)推荐和建议,常用的词汇有suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。  总之,在撰写英文题名和英文摘要时要做到准确、简洁、清楚,以便引起读者注意。除了解英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求和注意事项外,还需熟悉本行业术语的英文表达,扩大英语词汇量,掌握基本的英语语法规则,多看英文文献,提高英文写作及表达能力。  参考文献:  [1]任胜利。英语科技论文撰写与摘要[M]北京:科学出版社,  [2]张孙玮,吕伯,张迅。科技论文写作入门[M]北京:化学工业出版社,  [3]中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范。北京:中华人民共和国新闻出版总署,  [4]崔金钟,任胜利,照日格图。科技期刊英文编辑研修班讲义[M]北京:中国科学技术期刊编辑学会,

134 评论

就是不高兴

表示原因: 1)There are three reasons for this 2)The reasons for this are as 3)The reason for this is obvious,that is … Great changes have taken place in our There are three reasons for this 表示好处: 1) It has the following 2) It does us a lot of 3) It benefits us quite a Books are like They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our Therefore,reading is of great benefit to 表示坏处: 1) It has more disadvantages than 2) It is harmful to Television can also be harmful to It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for do 2)We think it necessary to do sth 3)It plays an important role in our We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer A 表示措施 1)We should take some effective 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the 4)We should solve the problems that we are faced The environ problem that we are faced with is becoming more and more Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve 表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years 3)The computer has brought about many changes in modern society Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five The major reasons for these changes are:people would rather eat more green vegetables instead of fat 表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact 2)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested 3)However,that’s not the We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of 表示比较 1)Compared with A,B 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages, Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of Secondly,they do not cause the pollution , what is important, riding bicycles will be good for our 表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased) The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000 2) a number of a great many a great deal of a large amount of plenty of the number of With the improvement of the living standard, people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 表示看法 1 ) People have different opinions on this 2)People take different views on the 3)In my opinion, I think… People have different attitudes towards Some believe that failure leads to Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on 表示结论 1)In short,it can be said that 2) From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however, its method should be improved 表示喜欢、厌恶 like/enjoy doing sth be fond of doing sth be crazy about be addicted to Dislike doing sth hate doing sth 13 )表示赞成,反对 Be for 支持 be against 反对 I agree that I agree to do sth I disagree that 14 )描写人 Have a gift/talent for study hard and make progress every day 套语 / 句型 1)It’s well known to us that 2)As is known to us, 3) As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way 4) “Should students surf the internet?” This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on 5) According to… 6) with the help of … 7) as far as I can see 8) It is no use / good doing sth 9) spend time /money in doing sth 10) manage to do sth succeed in doing sth be able to do sth 11 )in order to do sth… 12) so…that… 13) look forward to sth/doing sth 14)be strict with be patient with 15) of great use of great value of great important 16) speak highly of 17) be famous for /as 18) be known to sb 19) be familiar with 20) develop the habit of 21) get close to get rid of 22) plan to do want to do would like to do feel like to do 23) be poor in be short of be short for be good at do well in 有用的词汇 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节(灯节)the Lantern Festival 清明节the Qing Ming Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival 中秋节the Mid Autumn Festival(the Moon Festival) 重阳节the Double Ninth Festival 元旦New Year's Day 国际劳动妇女节International Working Women' s Day(Women's Day) 国际劳动节international Labor Day(M Day) 中国青年节Chinese Youth Day 国际儿童节International Children's Day(Children's Day) 教师节Teachers ' Day 国庆节National Day 污染pollute 浪费waste 节省 save 挽救save 遭受suffer 灾难 disaster 有意义的 meaningful 含义意思 meaning

305 评论

相关问答

  • 写论文常用词汇英语

    表示原因: 1)There are three reasons for this 2)The reasons for this are as 3)The re

    新民娜姐 2人参与回答 2024-05-18
  • 英语论文常用词汇

    概述(30 词左右):用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如:This paper is…或 This study focuses on…目的(30 词左右):用 T

    刀刀吹雪 3人参与回答 2024-05-21
  • 写论文常用词汇英文

    表示原因: 1)There are three reasons for this 2)The reasons for this are as 3)The re

    zhuhuals2008 4人参与回答 2024-05-21
  • 英语学术论文常用词汇

    学术词汇(academic vocabulary):指常出现在各学科学术文章中的词汇,例如propose,significant,analyze 等, 它们可包

    养生达人帅帅 3人参与回答 2024-05-19
  • 写中文论文常用高级词汇英语

    高考英语的百字作文,说的都是小门小事。所谓的高级词汇整得跟 3 岁孩子念总理政府工作报告、小学生拼博士论文似的。看起来很好笑。

    兜兜兜尔 3人参与回答 2024-05-18