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首页 > 论文问答 > 写论文常用词汇英文

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Prospect:景象, 景色前景; 前途John is in high spirits at the 约翰对前景充满希望。勘探; 勘察the possibility that something good might happen in the future:(是个褒义词)prospective(adj)-people who are expected to buy something/employ someone/become a parent,We've had three sets of prospective buyers looking round the 我们有3组可能的买主在看房。Prospective做形容词用,Prospect是做名词和动词用。词性不同。展望如果是形容词后跟名词,例如prospecive future。如果是单独用,未来前景。P以上回答供您参考!希望对您有所帮助! 杭州图书馆
92 评论

约翰尼德斌

英文题名和英文摘要是学术类和技术类科技期刊论文的重要组成部分,是国际间传播、学术交流与合作的桥梁和媒介,有其特殊的意义和作用。好的英文题名和英文摘要对于增加期刊和论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。为了帮助读者撰写论文英文题名和英文摘要,本文总结了英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求及注意事项,以给读者提供参考和指导。  一、论文题名  英文题名撰写的基本要求  题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括文章的主旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。  英文题名撰写的注意事项  除了以上基本要求,我们在写英文题名时还应注意以下几个问题。  (1)英文题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰,要注意采用正确的单词顺序,形容词应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻。  (2)英文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。英文题名开头第一个字不得用The, And, An和A  (3)英文题名中的大小写有以下3种格式:全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写,但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。  (4)中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。  总之,题名的用词十分重要,它直接关系到读者对文章的取舍态度,务必字字斟酌。  二、论文摘要  摘要的定义  摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是论文主体的高度浓缩,它应该能提炼论文的主要观点,简明地描述论文的内容和范围,简短地进行概括和总结。摘要能让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足,并为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。  摘要撰写的基本要求和注意事项  (1)不得简单重复题名中已有的信息,切忌把引言中出现的内容写入摘要,不要照搬论文正文中的小标题或论文结论部分的文字,也不要对论文内容作诠释和评价。  (2)尽量采用文字叙述,不要将文中的数据罗列在摘要中;文字要简洁,应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容,应删除无意义的或不必要的字眼;内容不宜展开论证说明,不要列举例证,不介绍研究过程。  (3)摘要的内容必须完整,不能把论文中所阐述的主要内容、观点遗漏,应写成一篇可以独立使用的短文。  (4)摘要一般不分段,切忌条列式书写法。陈述要客观,对研究过程、方法和成果等不宜做主观评价,也不宜与别人的研究作对比说明。  (5)用第三人称。建议采用"对……进行了研究"、"报告了……现状"、"进行了……调查"等记述方式标明文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用"本文"、"作者"等作为主语。  (6)要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。  英文摘要撰写的注意事项  原则上,以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。  (1)英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。  (2)英文摘要的语态。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混合使用语态,更不要在一个句子里混用。现在主张摘要中谓语动词尽量采用主动语态的越来越多,因其有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。  (3)英文摘要的人称。原来摘要的首句多用第三人称This paper…等开头,现在倾向于用原形动词开头,如: To describe…, To investigate…, To study…等,行文时最好不用第一人称,以方便文摘刊物的编辑刊用。  英文摘要的常用句式  (1)回顾研究背景,常用的词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。(2)阐明写作或研究目的,常用的词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等。此外,还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用的词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。(4)介绍研究或试验过程,常用的词汇有test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。(5)说明研究或试验方法,常用的词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等。(6)展示研究成果,常用的词汇有show, result, present等。(7)介绍结论,常用的词汇有summary, introduce, conclude等。(8)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用的词汇有suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。(9)阐明论证,常用的词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。(10)推荐和建议,常用的词汇有suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。  总之,在撰写英文题名和英文摘要时要做到准确、简洁、清楚,以便引起读者注意。除了解英文题名和英文摘要的基本要求和注意事项外,还需熟悉本行业术语的英文表达,扩大英语词汇量,掌握基本的英语语法规则,多看英文文献,提高英文写作及表达能力。  参考文献:  [1]任胜利。英语科技论文撰写与摘要[M]北京:科学出版社,  [2]张孙玮,吕伯,张迅。科技论文写作入门[M]北京:化学工业出版社,  [3]中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范。北京:中华人民共和国新闻出版总署,  [4]崔金钟,任胜利,照日格图。科技期刊英文编辑研修班讲义[M]北京:中国科学技术期刊编辑学会,

150 评论

匆匆来匆匆走

关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ Some people suggest that ____ 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______ It’s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First, ____ Second,____ What makes things worse is that______ 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。 Nowadays, it is common to ______ Many people like ______ because ______Besides,______ 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to Some people say that ______To them,_____ 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ Obviously, ______, but why?

279 评论

吃不饱的阿呜

国内一些较好的杂志,现在附了英文题目和摘要,目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果,各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念,present某个方法,propose某个主意,或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现,我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧,它不错;你说它对吧,又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说,只要中文摘要写得好,英文没有语法错,应该问题不大。  写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说,比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章,但是,实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写,写是最困难的。不过, 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报,如果他认为尚可,就下周到讨论班上报告,听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后,交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿,最后由他过目,才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生,离截稿日期只有一周,甚至几天,还让我帮他修改,这当然几乎不可能,投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出,实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对,应该用at gate level。我不服,他说你到人家论文上去找例子,看有谁用on。我找不到,这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用,必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好,就尽量用简单句,不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜,要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子,可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学,我还是建议先写中文稿,至少写中文提纲,然后再写英文稿。当然,英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇,基本上可以用英文思考了,再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病,供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章,列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全,但我有研究生论文的例子。  1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。  2。如果不用复数,必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。  3。逗号后面要空一格,句号后面空两格。少用;,:等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面,这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯,先说结论,接着是if如何如何。  4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词,后面却是一个动名词短语,中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止,例如,。。。has very important   6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时,即使引用人家的文章也用现在时,不用现在完成时或过去时。  7。不要滥用缩写,尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写,第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。  以上内容来自辑文编译

169 评论

冰雨茗香

表示原因: 1)There are three reasons for this 2)The reasons for this are as 3)The reason for this is obvious,that is … Great changes have taken place in our There are three reasons for this 表示好处: 1) It has the following 2) It does us a lot of 3) It benefits us quite a Books are like They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our Therefore,reading is of great benefit to 表示坏处: 1) It has more disadvantages than 2) It is harmful to Television can also be harmful to It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for do 2)We think it necessary to do sth 3)It plays an important role in our We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer A 表示措施 1)We should take some effective 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the 4)We should solve the problems that we are faced The environ problem that we are faced with is becoming more and more Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve 表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years 3)The computer has brought about many changes in modern society Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five The major reasons for these changes are:people would rather eat more green vegetables instead of fat 表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact 2)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested 3)However,that’s not the We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of 表示比较 1)Compared with A,B 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages, Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of Secondly,they do not cause the pollution , what is important, riding bicycles will be good for our 表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased) The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000 2) a number of a great many a great deal of a large amount of plenty of the number of With the improvement of the living standard, people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 表示看法 1 ) People have different opinions on this 2)People take different views on the 3)In my opinion, I think… People have different attitudes towards Some believe that failure leads to Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on 表示结论 1)In short,it can be said that 2) From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however, its method should be improved 表示喜欢、厌恶 like/enjoy doing sth be fond of doing sth be crazy about be addicted to Dislike doing sth hate doing sth 13 )表示赞成,反对 Be for 支持 be against 反对 I agree that I agree to do sth I disagree that 14 )描写人 Have a gift/talent for study hard and make progress every day 套语 / 句型 1)It’s well known to us that 2)As is known to us, 3) As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way 4) “Should students surf the internet?” This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on 5) According to… 6) with the help of … 7) as far as I can see 8) It is no use / good doing sth 9) spend time /money in doing sth 10) manage to do sth succeed in doing sth be able to do sth 11 )in order to do sth… 12) so…that… 13) look forward to sth/doing sth 14)be strict with be patient with 15) of great use of great value of great important 16) speak highly of 17) be famous for /as 18) be known to sb 19) be familiar with 20) develop the habit of 21) get close to get rid of 22) plan to do want to do would like to do feel like to do 23) be poor in be short of be short for be good at do well in 有用的词汇 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节(灯节)the Lantern Festival 清明节the Qing Ming Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival 中秋节the Mid Autumn Festival(the Moon Festival) 重阳节the Double Ninth Festival 元旦New Year's Day 国际劳动妇女节International Working Women' s Day(Women's Day) 国际劳动节international Labor Day(M Day) 中国青年节Chinese Youth Day 国际儿童节International Children's Day(Children's Day) 教师节Teachers ' Day 国庆节National Day 污染pollute 浪费waste 节省 save 挽救save 遭受suffer 灾难 disaster 有意义的 meaningful 含义意思 meaning

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