China’s economic development in the face of new challenges and missionsThe last two decades have witnessed the finest period of development in modern Chinese history in terms of speed, balance and However, owing to the nation's unique process of industrialization, new conflicts and problems have To date, it has taken two or three centuries for mankind to industrialize more than sixty countries and regions with a combined population of 2 billion, which constitutes200 of the world's China, a unified country with a population of 3 billion, or 220 of the world's total, will take less than a century to realize her transformation from a traditional society to an industrialized one, which is unprecedented in human The implications of China's industrialization are that global industrialized society will double within merely a few decades, bringing about radical changes in the whole domain of global Therefore, it is natural that the various difficulties, contradictions and problems which have been experienced elsewhere or which are likely to occur in the process of industrialization will become all the more concentrated and prominent in the case of C In fact, China's achievement itself may cause new problems For instance, in just twenty years there has been a great improvement in the living standards of over a billion people, a large proportion of whom have already attained a standard of living similar to that of most average citizens of developed or moderately developed If this proportion represents l0% of China's total population, that is 130 million people; and if 20%, it exceeds 260 million This achievement is unparalleled, but has also high-lighted the gap between those who have experienced a big improvement in terms of their lives and the far greater number of people whose living standards have yet to reach a satisfactory In addition, tens of millions of people still live in Therefore, disparities in income and living standards will pose a new challenge to China's economic and social The challenges are indeed serious, but sufficient material foundations and the necessary conditions have been provided to meet them as a result of the policy of reform and opening We are now capable of accomplishing what we failed to do in the past; in other words, this new stage of development places us in a position to reach higher For instance, when the economy was developing at a low level our immediate goal was to eliminate poverty; efficiency therefore took priority while equity came When the economy is highly developed, however, more emphasis should be given to social In other words, when the economic development level is low, resources must be allocated for economic development while social development is placed on the sidelines or even temporarily put on When the economy is at a higher stage of development, we must balance the distribution of resources to all areas of social development, with a view to achieving overall economic, social, political and cultural In short, development is a continual process of breaking the equilibrium and forming a new The emergence of and solutions to problems and conflicts are integral to the path of development, as comprehensive and coordinated development is possible only when the economy has developed to a certain level and there exists a relatively sound material foundation for overall social Today, the realization of a more equitable and balanced development is no longer simply a wish or a far-fetched goal, but a feasible objective which can and must be
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1 作者：CWS题目：Economics and Ethics:THe case of Salomon Brothers出处：Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 5(Summer 1992),PP23-2 作者：JBrickley, CWSJR, and JZimmerman,题目：Ethics,Incentives,and Organizational Design出处：Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7(summer 1994)PP8-19
THE FUTURE OF CHINESE ECONOMYChinese economy has been growing very fast for the last 30 years and it attracted the eyes of the whole Many countries are trying to adopt the Chinese Model to boost their own economy and some of them As we all know the past of China's growth was based mainly on the cheap labor and low environment Now in many countries like India workers require lower salary than Chinese workers and their enviroment restriction is low So in order to keep the economy booming, China needs to switch its model and turn to high value and service As we can see from the news this is what the Chinese goverment is trying to Maybe in 10 years or 20 years China will be a industrial country producing more high tech products and selling services to the world as
过去的三十年见证了中国经济的迅速发展的英文：The past three decades have witnessed the rapid development of China's economywitness 读法 英 [ˈwɪtnəs] 美 [ˈwɪtnəs] 1、目击者;见证人;证人;连署人2、当场看到，目击(尤指罪行或事故);是发生…的地点(或时间、组织等);见证;(为正式文件的签署)作证，连署短语：1、expert witness 鉴定证人2、material witness 重要证人3、with a witness [古语]极端地；毫无疑问地 4、star witness 主要证人 5、eye witness 目击者，见证人扩展资料词语用法：witness的基本意思是“亲眼看见”“目击”某事件的发生,也可表示“作证”“证明”,还有“表示”“说明”的意思。witness一般用作及物动词,接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。词义辨析：evidence, proof, witness这组词都有“证据、见证”的意思，其区别是：evidence 普通用词，在法律上指能起证明作用的，如证明、公证书以及所有的实物东西等。在生活中指任何一样可证明某一件事的真实性的东西。proof 指足以直接证明某事为某事实的依据，侧重作为充分证据所导致的结果。witness 指证据或证人，尤指后者，且有亲眼见到之意。
The past three decades witnessed China's rapid economic
1 作者：CWS题目：Economics and Ethics:THe case of Salomon Brothers出处：Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 5(Summer 1992),PP23-2 作者：JBrickley, CWSJR, and JZimmerman,题目：Ethics,Incentives,and Organizational Design出处：Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7(summer 1994)PP8-19
一、对立统一规律是任何事物发展的根本规律。在我国社会主义社会初级阶段，存在着两对社会矛盾，一是社会的基本矛盾，即生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑之间的矛盾；二是社会的主要矛盾，即人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。这些矛盾解决得好，就能促进经济社会的良性发展；解决得不好，就会极大地影响经济社会的发展。建设社会主义，必须努力克服生产关系中不适合生产力发展的部分，上层建筑中不适合社会主义经济基础的部分，大力发展生产力，不断加大经济社会发展的步伐，以最大限度地满足广大人民群众的物质文化需要。二、人均GDP进入1000-3000美元时期，一方面生产力和人民群众的物质文化生活水平普遍有了较大提高，这自然有利于激发广大人民群众的生产积极性，有利于经济社会的向前发展，所以是社会主义事业的黄金发展期。另一方面由于历史原因与现实的差异，所有制形式与分配方式的差异等，各地区各民族经济文化发展相对处于不平衡状态，各经济实体中人民群众的收入水平也出现了逐渐拉大差距的趋势，甚至引发局部贫富不均的现象。这必然要影响一部分人的生产积极性，成为各类社会矛盾的突显期，从而对生产力和社会经济发展产生不良影响。三、鉴于我国经济社会发展已经进入人均GDP1000美元到3000美元的时期，我们要以马克思主义社会基本矛盾与主要矛盾的基本原理为指导，高度关注经济社会发展中可能出现的各种情况，转变发展观念，坚持以人为本，不断创新发展模式，在发展生产的基础上，调整经济、社会政策，兼顾社会公平公正，缩小贫富差距，关注社会弱势群体，正确地处理各类社会矛盾，调动一切积极因素，搞中国特色的社会主义。我们就能不断提高发展质量，将我国的经济社会转入全面协调可持续发展的轨道。
China's foreign trade strategy for the re-positioning mode Can not be denied that foreign trade and exports as part of international trade, a country or a regional basis and the opening up of the carrier, its change of China's past the closed state of the economy, opening up a new situation, learn new knowledge, access to new things, Earner of foreign exchange and balance of payments, because of the international division of labor and access to the formation of comparative advantage and promote national economic growth, have played a certain However, exports to China's economic growth and the positive effects of the imagination of people not as 20 reform and opening up nearly 10 percent of the rapid economic growth, play a leading role is not foreign trade and exports, the main contribution should always work in terms of domestic market Before the Asian financial crisis, China's domestic investment demand and consumer demand are great, so several times a national economy "overheating", for which the central government had to use the abuse of administrative, economic and legal comprehensive means to limit the scale of investment and Consumer groups, economic overheating "" It is this huge domestic market and expansion of China's rapid economic growth has played a major and crucial role in foreign trade and exports is the role played by the indirect, is only to provide fuel economic growth, instead of "" Although the expansion of export trade to China's economic growth played a certain role in stimulating, but its negative effects have gradually emerged, and paid a very high First, as exports continue to expand the scale of China's economy is dependent on external deepened (throughout the 1990s before the nine-year total imports and exports to GDP ratio of more than 30 percent in some years reached 6%) As a result of a result: the second half of 1997 when the Asian financial crisis suddenly fell, the rapid decline of economic growth in Asia, China's foreign trade growth also fell, the total import and export volume in 1998 compared with the previous year had a negative growth, exports Only a slight increase in the growth rate dropped substantially, resulting in China's economic growth rate of decline in the trend line for three consecutive years running, the GDP growth rate in 1997 was 8 percent in 1998, 8 percent in 1999, is expected to about 1% , The trend of declining year by It must be pointed out that in the Asian financial crisis struck, China's economic growth and foreign trade is not the same substantial drop, not a phenomenon of Southeast Asian countries and South Korea, the same rapid decline, because China's huge domestic market support R Secondly, the international market because of the limited, as well as countries in the world trade protection of universality, some of China's industries and products such as clothing, footwear, textile exports have been largely limited scale, resulting in a massive backlog of inventory, ordered by the Central Government to , Minimizing the scale of production, such as the limited number of spindles of cotton textile production is one example, to a certain extent, related to damage China's light industry At the same time, some countries or international organizations such as the European Union and North America and other developed countries frequently used anti-dumping and other means to limit the access of China's labor-intensive products, and these countries increased trade Again, and is similar to other large developing country, China's regional imbalance in economic development greater extent, the eastern part of a higher level of development, particularly in central and western regions is a relatively low level of development of the western Reform and opening up 20 years in national economic development and made remarkable achievements at the same time, China's regional economic disparities and residents in the expanding gap between rich and poor, tend to exacerbate economic The emergence of this situation, of course, are many reasons, but the export trade to encourage and promote export-oriented model in which played a role in adding fuel to the China's strong economic base in eastern coastal areas, advanced production technology, scientific and technological level of higher education, labor quality better developed financial sector and capital more abundant, strong technological innovation capability, a higher degree of market economy, since reform and opening up the enjoyment of Many of the countries under the preferential policies, but the energy, mineral and land resources relative The central and western regions of the district intelligence and the eastern region compared to the contrary, in addition to energy rich mineral resources, vast land area, the low quality of the labor force more affluent, the other aspects such as economic development level, culture, education technology, labor quality and availability of funds , The ability of technological innovation, economic development in the market, have fallen far behind the eastern Geographical division of the economic situation is: the eastern region is a major production and export of finished, and deep processing of additional high-value products, while the central and western regions is the major production and export of natural resources and primary processed China's reform and opening up the initial structure of export commodities are agricultural and pastoral products and processed products mainly in primary industries, the proportion of finished products do During this period the central and western regions larger proportion of exports, also benefit from However, export-oriented model of the finished products instead of primary commodities for export purposes and objectives of the state's policy to encourage the exports of manufactures is to stimulate exports, restrictions on the export of primary commodities, such as the Export-Import Bank of China is dedicated to the Electrical and Mechanical and complete sets of equipment The export of capital goods, such as providing loans and risk guarantees and the establishment of At the national foreign trade policy-induced, China's export commodity structure fundamental changes have taken place from the previous mainly primary products, manufactured goods for the shop, for now the change mainly to manufactured goods, primary goods, supplemented From the macro interests of the national economy in terms of national policy to encourage export of such understandable, but the specific area of interest to the formation of the Kule uneven situation, because the production of manufactures in the eastern region of the advantages of the project, the state export-oriented policy As a result of the eastern region's exports and its profit ratio increased, the central and western regions and its profit ratio of foreign trade and exports As shown in Table 1, 1998 the eastern part of import and export volume and export volume in both the proportion of more than 90 percent, in the western region is less than 10 percent of the Figure plans) ( Should It is noteworthy that the eastern region because of its own with the special advantages and market-oriented reform and opening up an earlier time, but its extent greater, faster progress, has attracted foreign capital and advanced technology into large-scale, foreign Actual direct investment accounted for the vast majority of the country (see table 2), which enhance the economic strength of the east, raising its technical level and the level of production of manufactured goods more obvious advantages for export-oriented model of manufactured exports The encouragement of the eastern part of the export scale and a growing proportion, also benefit from greater and is conducive to the formation of the eastern part of a virtuous circle: → manufactured exports increased foreign exchange earnings, introducing advanced foreign technology and capital → enhance regional economic strength, → manufactures innovative technology development → manufactured exports The central and western regions are exactly the opposite, in the role of export-oriented mode of foreign trade and export of increasingly narrow, benefit from more and more This is in fact the eastern region and promote the economic gap between the central and western regions to expand and intensify its regional economic Figure plans) ( In neo-classical growth model, Solow (solow) has a well-known conclusion that the elements of the returns to scale, but the input is diminishing marginal utility, which could lead to long-term economic growth rate and the level of negative economic Start Related, and possibly different regions, between economic growth rate tends to convergence In 1952-1995, up from 44 in the development of China's long-term returns to scale and there is diminishing marginal utility, but the overall rate of economic growth and economic level and there was no obvious negative correlation between the regional economy not More convergence and integration, but in the eastern, central, and western economic zone within three Solow growth model showing a special phenomenon, namely the eastern, central and western regions in accordance with their different "trajectory center" development, three Zone within the provinces, cities, districts tend to convergence and economic development consistent correlation between economic zone but do This phenomenon is the emergence of reform and opening up after the beginning of the 1980s, the most convincing explanation is: foreign trade and exports to the implementation of the policy to encourage the eastern region more involved in the international economic cycle and embarked on a completely different In the central and western regions of the road to Along with the eastern and western regions of the economic gap between the dual nature of economic expansion and intensification of its households per capita income gap has widened From 1985-1995, although the various provinces, cities, districts have per capita incomes in absolute terms has greatly improved, increasing from 66 times to 50 times the range, but the relative level (for references to the country) The changes are showing a completely different trend, in addition to the eastern part of Liaoning Province, all other provinces, cities and districts of the relative levels of per capita income have increased, the performance of their relative levels of value for now, while the central and western provinces and autonomous regions in per capita The relative level of all income decreased trend, and its performance relative changes in the level of a negative 1985 per capita income in Shanghai is the largest per capita income of Gansu Province, the smallest of 96 times that of 1995 expanded to 75 According to World Bank estimates, China's Gini coefficient of 30 from 1984 up to 1995's 415, the data provided by the United Nations Development Programme is China has become the world's larger gap between rich and poor Thus, a comprehensive export-oriented economic development model in China's practice is not very successful, although the economic development it has a stimulating effect, but the negative impact is quite In general, less to the dense population in the small country (region) in the implementation of a period of import substitution policies, the level of economic development up to a certain extent, to the country's export-oriented economic development model is appropriate, that practice will be However, as China is a large population, vast developing country and should not be one-sided emphasis on the full implementation of export-oriented model and export-oriented economic strategy, as its own huge domestic market, and economic development must be primarily based on domestic, it is not necessary and can not Qugao the overall strategy of export-oriented, but also big developing countries are usually the region's economic development is very uneven, and its own comparative advantages and characteristics very different and therefore all regions of the mode of development can not simply apply the export-oriented However, this is not the opening to the outside world will not, not not to encourage exports, but should take all effective means to encourage and foster the development of export enterprises and the regional conditions to develop export-oriented economy, that is, export-oriented development strategy To actively and steadily increase in China's economic "outward-looking" So, China should not only encourage exports, expanding opening up, but also to developing the national economy, based on the domestic market demand, which are the "degree" how to » Location in the mode of foreign trade strategy where appropriate » The answer is: inward-looking open economy, that is, on the whole the "import substitution" gradual and partial "export-oriented" strategy of combining foreign This strategic model according to the Chinese market potential, rich resources relative to the characteristics of the main based on domestic resources development and explore the domestic market, continue to improve and strengthen the economic cycle, will expand domestic demand as the main driver of economic development, while positive foreign Away, the use of all possible conditions for expansion of foreign trade and exports, the development of export-oriented The significance of expanding foreign trade and exports is not how much occupied in the international market, not to a major market demand in foreign countries, but to earn foreign exchange through the introduction of advanced technology, equipment and personnel, and maintain a certain balance in foreign exchange savings , Through the expansion of foreign economic exchange, learn and master new knowledge and access to new things and new concepts, constantly expanding the economic cycle, and improve the economic cycle within the scope, quality and level, through economic, outside the circle of each other and promote national Rapid sustained and stable economic [References] [1] Xu Henin-Hardenne, such as: "China's foreign trade", World Book Publishing Company, [2] Malcolm Gillis, such as: "Development Economics" Economic Science Press, [3] for the National Bureau of Statistics: "China Statistical Abstract 1999," China Statistics Press, [4] DING Lin, such as: "one-China economic growth in all regions of the Empirical Study", "economic science", [5] Wei Houkai: "The Chinese people's income gap between the region and its decomposition," "Economic Research", 1996 (11) [6] Chen Guangyan: "overproduction and insufficient demand and solve the question", "Economics dynamic", 1999 (11)
参考文献可以在百度学术中找到。 毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, MR，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F & IG；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例期刊类[格式][序号]作者篇名[J]刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码[举例][1] 王海粟浅议会计信息披露模式[J]财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-[2] 夏鲁惠高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J]高等理科教育，2004(1):46-[3] Heider, ER& DCO The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J] Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 专著类[格式][序号]作者书名[M]出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码[举例][4] 葛家澍，林志军现代西方财务会计理论[M]厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：[5] Gill, R Mastering English Literature [M] London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-报纸类[格式][序号]作者篇名[N]报纸名，出版日期（版次）[举例][6] 李大伦经济全球化的重要性[N] 光明日报，1998-12-27(3)[7] French, W Between Silences: A Voice from China[N] Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33)论文集[格式][序号]作者篇名[C]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][8] 伍蠡甫西方文论选[C] 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-[9] Spivak,G “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A] In CNelson & L Grossberg() Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C] Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, 271-[10] Almarza, GG Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A] In DFreeman and JCRichards () Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C] New York: Cambridge University P 50-学位论文[格式][序号]作者篇名[D]出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][11] 张筑生微分半动力系统的不变集[D]北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-研究报告[格式][序号]作者篇名[R]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][12] 冯西桥核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R]北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-条例[格式][序号]颁布单位条例名称发布日期[举例][15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会科学技术期刊管理办法[Z]1991—06—译著[格式][序号]原著作者 书名[M]译者，译出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码 三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。 四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。求采纳为满意回答。
改革开放以来，中国经济之所以能够实现年均近10％的高速增长，一个重要的因素就是非常丰富的劳动力。然而，因受80年代后为控制人口增长实施的“独生子女政策”的影响，现在劳动人口正逐渐向负增长转变，而且工业化的推进和户籍制度的放宽促进了以年轻人为主的劳动力从农村向城市转移，中国已经迎来了充分就业的发展阶段（即“刘易斯转折点”），劳动力从过剩变为短缺。劳动年龄人口的减少和刘易斯转折点的到来所产生的影响，不仅限于经济潜在增长率的下降，而且波及到工资、物价、收入分配、经济结构、政府经济政策、贸易和直接投资。 劳动力从过剩变为短缺 中国迎来了劳动年龄人口从增加向递减的转变，经济发展过程从不充分就业向充分就业转变的两个转折点，劳动力已经从过剩转变为短缺 首先，1980年代初期实施独生子女政策，导致劳动年龄人口占整个人口的比例在2010年触顶后下降，预计劳动年龄人口数量也将于2015年前后开始减少，同时，老龄化将会日益严重 其次，由于以年轻人为主的劳动力从农村向城市迅速转移，导致农村的剩余劳动力已消失殆尽。2011年离开户籍所在地外出打工的农民已经多达59亿人（中国国家统计局《2011年我国农民工调查监测报告》）。由此可见，中国经济已经到达了意味着实现充分就业发展阶段的“刘易斯转折点”。尽管现在经济增长减速，但与2008年雷曼危机后许多外出打工的农民工失业、不得不返回家乡的上次经济衰退期截然不同，此次并没有发生严重的失业问题。此外，截至1997年实际工资上涨一直大幅度低于实际GDP增长率，而在1997年以后的大部分年份，两者出现逆转 一般来说，劳动年龄人口从增长转变为减少的时期与从不充分就业转变为充分就业的时期各不相同。例如日本，1960年代初期实现了充分就业（南亮进《日本经济的转折点:劳动力从过剩转向短缺》，创文社，1970年），1995年前后才出现劳动年龄人口的减少（联合国，World Population Prospects, The 2010 Revision）。中国与此不同，两个转折点几乎同时到来，因此劳动力短缺的程度及其带来的经济冲击力均大于其他国家。 工资上涨及其影响 劳动力从过剩转变为短缺将通过工资上涨给中国经济带来以下影响。 首先，劳动分配率上升，促进改善收入差距。劳动市场从买方市场向卖方市场转变，不仅会带来工资上涨，而且可以带来劳动时间缩短和户籍制度改革等劳动者权利的改善。这些将在降低失业率的同时发挥维护社会稳定的作用。 其次，缩小地区之间的差距。劳动力短缺和工资上涨在沿海地区比内陆地区更为显著，因此，以劳动密集型产业为中心，从沿海地区向内陆地区的产业转移不断加速。这种可称为国内版雁行模式的动向，自2007年以来已经带来了内陆地区的经济增长率高于沿海地区的“西高东低型”增长。因此，至今一直持续扩大的地区差距也逐渐开始缩小。 再次，通货膨胀压力增高。实际上，通货膨胀率是经济景气的滞后指标，如果以1998年以后的数据为对象，把本期通货膨胀率作为因变量，把三个季度前的经济增长率作为自变量进行回归分析，可以看到两者间具有紧密的相关性。但受通货膨胀率上升的影响，2010年以后的数据基本处于回归线的上方（参见图4）。迄今中国政府担心出口减速会给就业带来负面影响，对人民币升值采取谨慎态度，但如果实现了充分就业，就没有必要再为此担心，为了抑制伴随工资上涨而来的通货膨胀，政府对人民币升值将会变得较为积极。
如果你想要经济的参考文献的话，那么你可以去京东或者是淘宝上面去搜索，一般的京东或者淘宝上面都有这类的，参考文献你也可以去选择的去购买。
参考文献可以在百度学术中找到。 毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, MR，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F & IG；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例期刊类[格式][序号]作者篇名[J]刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码[举例][1] 王海粟浅议会计信息披露模式[J]财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-[2] 夏鲁惠高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J]高等理科教育，2004(1):46-[3] Heider, ER& DCO The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J] Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 专著类[格式][序号]作者书名[M]出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码[举例][4] 葛家澍，林志军现代西方财务会计理论[M]厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：[5] Gill, R Mastering English Literature [M] London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-报纸类[格式][序号]作者篇名[N]报纸名，出版日期（版次）[举例][6] 李大伦经济全球化的重要性[N] 光明日报，1998-12-27(3)[7] French, W Between Silences: A Voice from China[N] Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33)论文集[格式][序号]作者篇名[C]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][8] 伍蠡甫西方文论选[C] 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-[9] Spivak,G “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A] In CNelson & L Grossberg() Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C] Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, 271-[10] Almarza, GG Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A] In DFreeman and JCRichards () Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C] New York: Cambridge University P 50-学位论文[格式][序号]作者篇名[D]出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][11] 张筑生微分半动力系统的不变集[D]北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-研究报告[格式][序号]作者篇名[R]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码[举例][12] 冯西桥核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R]北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-条例[格式][序号]颁布单位条例名称发布日期[举例][15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会科学技术期刊管理办法[Z]1991—06—译著[格式][序号]原著作者 书名[M]译者，译出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码 三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。 四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。求采纳为满意回答。