随便找一个相关领域的题目写成论文就行了我估计只要有字都能过
第一、基督教思想制约着中世纪文化虽然当时的作家所受的影响有深浅的不同,但是,在基督教思想逐渐深入到各个文化领域,并成为中世纪精神支柱的过程中,各类文学无不打上了它的印迹有些文学作品公开宣扬禁欲主义和来世思想,表现了封建领主和地主阶级及其精神上的代表僧侣阶级的意识形态特征同样,也有些作品,仅仅带有崇奉基督教思想的特点这反映了基督教对文学影响的复杂性 第二、在各种文化的交融中,特别是在中世纪封建制度和封建国家形成与确立的历史条件的作用下,中世纪文学突出了各民族文学遗产中的一个基本思想——爱国主义和英雄主义很多作品描写和反映了欧洲封建国家形成和确立时期的社会现实,歌颂了为保卫国家和民族而献身的英雄人物,赞美了在确保王权中起过重大作用的英明帝王但有些作品又将歌颂英雄和爱国思想与忠君思想、宗教思想结合起来,这实际上是爱国思想和英雄主义的中世纪化,也是东方古代文化中特有因素对中世纪欧洲文学的影响的反映 第三、中世纪作为等级森严的社会结构形态,还出现了特定阶层的文学作品和文学现象例如骑士阶层、市民阶层的出现,就使得在正统的基督教文学占统治地位的同时,世俗文化的传统也以新的形态发展着,他们的思想感情和生活理想在文学作品中得到了反映骑士文学将爱情作为描写的主要对象,肯定现世生活,在一定的程度上承继了古代文化精神,背离了禁欲主义市民文学将笔触指向城市市井生活和世态人情,具有较强的反封建意义
威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare，1564-1616)是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，也是西方文艺史上最杰出的作家之一，全世界最卓越的文学家之一。他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。威廉•莎士比亚（1564年～1616年）是文艺复兴时期英国以及欧洲最重要的作家。他出生于英格兰中部斯特拉福镇的一个商人家庭。少年时代曾在当地文法学校接受基础教育，学习拉丁文、哲学和历史等，接触过古罗马剧作家的作品。后因家道中落，辍学谋生。莎士比亚幼年时，常有著名剧团来乡间巡回演出，培养了他对戏剧的兴威廉·莎士比亚趣。1585年前后，他离开家乡去伦敦，先在剧院打杂，后来当上一名演员，进而改编和编写剧本。莎士比亚除了参加演出和编剧，还广泛接触社会，常常随剧团出入宫廷或来到乡间。这些经历扩大了他的视野，为他的创作打下了基础。
绝密资料_manage/upload/ppt
威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare，1564-1616)是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，也是西方文艺史上最杰出的作家之一，全世界最卓越的文学家之一。他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。威廉•莎士比亚（1564年～1616年）是文艺复兴时期英国以及欧洲最重要的作家。他出生于英格兰中部斯特拉福镇的一个商人家庭。少年时代曾在当地文法学校接受基础教育，学习拉丁文、哲学和历史等，接触过古罗马剧作家的作品。后因家道中落，辍学谋生。莎士比亚幼年时，常有著名剧团来乡间巡回演出，培养了他对戏剧的兴威廉·莎士比亚趣。1585年前后，他离开家乡去伦敦，先在剧院打杂，后来当上一名演员，进而改编和编写剧本。莎士比亚除了参加演出和编剧，还广泛接触社会，常常随剧团出入宫廷或来到乡间。这些经历扩大了他的视野，为他的创作打下了基础。
Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that, American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence, did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly, and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history, after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics, which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring, there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature, and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War, the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life, critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War, Americans were at a loss postwar, and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature, Romanism, Transcendentalism, Local Color, Realism, Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container, which put in various kinds of Different cultures, that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast, mixed together, It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level, which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore, many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that, American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence, did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly, and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history, after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics, which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring, there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature, and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War, the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life, critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War, Americans were at a loss postwar, and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent, the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin, and they even had no written language, “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth, and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature,” (Wu Dingbo, 1) As time past, more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters, and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608), and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs, they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply, and they believed that when a person was dead, he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans, the Transcendentalists, the Naturalists, and even the Moderns, when we read Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Crane, and Ernest Hemingway, we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later, another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However , because of bad navigation, they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success, but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford, who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic, but a direct and simple style gives charm, as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity, to the entire ” (W P Trent, 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings, or sermons, that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life, and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo, 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books, like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies, and in all her poems, however, she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century, people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman, the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796), according to Wu, “He thought that religion should be based on rational, reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo, 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans, the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776), mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), the most distinguished person and giant in American history, he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist, diplomat, philosopher, and He perfected the smooth, clear, short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack, and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible, churchmen, authorities, or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War, American national literature came into Since before the war, American people have already had the awareness of national independence, so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore, the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on, American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分
首先你需要有专业的文献数据库，你可以到如google学术、百度文库、知网、维普、万方等等文献数据库进行查找，查可以通过关键字信息进行查询，如果自己查找有困难，你也可以在知道上悬赏获取，急用的话多加点分悬赏，这样才有更多的知友及时帮助你，找文献也是很费时间和精力的
回答 您好，我这边正在为您查询，请稍等片刻，我这边马上回复您~ 您好，很高兴为您解答。方法一STEP 1 在知网官网搜索主题、关键词、题名等信息。 STEP 2 点击【外文文献】，就可以看到搜索词下的全部外文文献。 知网可以自动识别中英文对应搜索内容。 方法二 运用 CNKI学术搜索 中国知网与世界100多家国际出版社达成合作，整合出版了数百个重要的学术数据库，3亿多篇中外文文献。 STEP 1 在主页进行搜索，点击【全文获取】。 STEP 2 点击 Get Access ，可以看到数据库该文章是否免费开放下载权限，可以通过 Check Access 或者单独付费获得文章。 希望以上回答对您有所帮助~ 如果您对我的回答满意的话，麻烦给个赞哦~ 更多11条
^_^,我这里有几个:Stanford 大学 Graduate School of Business 论文库: Term-paper, report and research paper database: -Research Paper Online: Science Research Network: (this is very famous, but some papers require fees here)Mendeley Research Network: 希望对你能有帮助 =)
国外全文数据库？能具体的再说说么，问题不是很清楚啊
你把你研究的课题和方向都说出来啊，这么笼统？是东西方文学史比较啊，还是概论，是古典，现代，欧洲？明清？是文化艺术方面的，还是纯文学文字的？
呵呵，写毕业论文吧，我的给你参考下 课题名称 从《太阳照常升起》浅谈美国迷惘一代 一、研究的目的和意义 《太阳照常升起》向人们展示了一幅战后荒原的画卷，生活在其中的荒原人不仅身体千疮百孔，精神也失去了家园。他们迷惘的，痛苦的，如行尸走肉般的生活着。研究《太阳照常升起》的目的是为了分析美国迷惘一代对于战争和生活的态度：他们之所以对生活失去信念是由于战争的创伤，但他们并未因此失去对人性的渴望。在当今世界，和平和发展成为两大主题的背景下，研究迷惘一代的悲剧生活，意义在于揭示战争的残酷性，发扬中华民族以和为贵精神，指导我们的生活。 二、国内外研究现状和发展趋势 美国青年巴恩斯在第一次世界大战中脊椎受伤，失去性能力，战后在巴黎任记者时与英国人阿施利夫人相爱，夫人一味追求享乐，而他只能借酒浇愁。两人和一帮男 女朋友去西班牙潘普洛纳参加斗牛节，追求精神刺激。夫人拒绝了犹太青年科恩的苦苦追求，却迷上了年仅十九岁的斗牛士罗梅罗。然而，在相处了一段日子以后， 由于双方年龄实在悬殊，而阿施利夫人又不忍心毁掉纯洁青年的前程，这段恋情黯然告终。夫人最终回到了巴恩斯身边，尽管双方都清楚，彼此永远也不能真正地结 合在一起。这是海明威的第一部长篇小说，作者藉此成为“迷惘的一代”的代言人，并以此书开创海明威式的独特文风。 三、研究的主要内容及预期目标 研究迷惘的一代”作家的共同点。第一次世界大战爆发时，他们大多是20岁左右的年轻人。他们在美国政府“拯救世界民主”口号的蛊惑下，怀着民主的理想，奔赴欧洲战场。他们目睹人类空前的大屠杀，发现战争远不是他们原来设想的那种英雄的事业都是人的东西。他们在战争中经历了种种苦难，了解到普通兵士中间的反战情绪。这在他们心灵中留下了无法医治。研究迷惘的一代人的共同点：他们目睹了那场人类空前的大屠杀，生活经历种种苦难，深受“民主”、“光荣”、“牺牲”口号的欺，对社会、人生大感失望。结合现状谈谈研究迷惘一代对现实意义。 四、研究的基本方法和基本思路 根据作者海明威创作《太阳照常升起》时期的经历，结合当时的政治、经济、文化背景，理解作者的创作意图和创作思想，对美国迷惘一代形成，发展，表现进行全面分析。 五、任务完成的阶段内容及进度安排 论文初稿阶段，为期 40 天，阅读相关文学最新研究成果，进行理论分析、论证，收集整理相关资料，确定论文提纲，开始撰写论文；论文二稿阶段，为期 60 天，根据导师对初稿的修改意见进行修改、补充和完善，注意论述层次，调整文章结构。论文终稿阶段，为期 30 天，根据导师对二稿的修改意见进行修改，注意语言表达，规范论文格式。 七、完成论文所具备的条件 收集了有关《太阳照常升起》的资料及相关学术论文，本科阶段学习了英美文学课程，基本掌握文学作品分析批评的基本理论和方法；同时，从选题开题到初稿阶段学生在校，能当面指导文献检索和科研方法，解答理论理解和运用方面的问题；能够方便使用图书馆、阅览室和校园网。
古希腊文学是指古代希腊世界的文学。广义的古希腊文学涵盖了从氏族制希腊社会到希腊化时代的文学，持续时间近1000年。古希腊文学是整个西方文学的源头，也是欧洲文学的第一个高峰。 古希腊文学反映了欧洲从氏族社会向奴隶制社会过渡时期的现实生活，特别体现了古代世界的人们对战争与和平、人与自然之间的关系的思考。古希腊时代显赫的英雄行为和社会历史的重大变迁都在文学作品中得以深刻的体现。这些文学作品不仅为整个西方文学的发展奠定了基调，也为人们研究古希腊世界的历史与社会提供了丰富的文献资料。 古希腊文学中的神和人都具有自由奔放、独立不羁、狂欢取乐、享受人生的个体本位意识，而在困难面前又表现出艰苦卓绝、百折不挠的精神。威力无穷的命运给古希腊人带来了困惑与恐惧，也培养了他们的自我意识和个体精神。此外，他们在与命运抗争中激发出了蓬勃的生命活力。古希腊文学正是在描写人对现世价值的追寻、人与命运的矛盾和抗争中展示了人性的活泼与美丽，表现了人类童年时期的自由、乐观与浪漫。生命意识、人本意识和自由观念是古希腊文学的基本精神，以后也成了西方文学与文化的基本内核。
哎哟 这个可有一点难度呢亲，需要的话 也可以给你呢。
你可以选择从古代入手试下啊，反论嘛，