如果你是在学校，去图书馆（网上）的数据库查询吧。 否则去 中文关键词：绿化＋工厂＋（园林） 英文关键词： Greening ＋ factory ＋ （Landscape）（仅供参考） 我也不知你具体要哪方面的，哪种内容合适。你就自己去下吧 pdf文档可能更正式一点。下pdf的文档，加个filetype:pdf就可以了。 如：greeen factory landscape filetype:pdf ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 《Making a City Green 》一篇关于城市环境的文章 URL 仅仅提供一点思路，希望对你有点帮助……------------------------------------下面是英文的~但不是很多~就1篇agriculture, science and practice of producing crops and livestock from the natural resources of the The primary aim of agriculture is to cause the land to produce more abundantly and at the same time to protect it from deterioration and The diverse branches of modern agriculture include agronomy, horticulture, economic entomology, animal husbandry, dairying, agricultural engineering, soil chemistry, and agricultural Early Agriculture Early people depended for their survival on hunting, fishing, and food To this day, some groups still pursue this simple way of life, and others have continued as roving herders (see nomad) However, as various groups of people undertook deliberate cultivation of wild plants and domestication of wild animals, agriculture came into Cultivation of crops—notably grains such as wheat, rice, corn, rye, barley, and millet—encouraged settlement of stable farm communities, some of which grew to be towns and city-states in various parts of the Early agricultural implements—the digging stick, the hoe, the scythe, and the plow—developed slowly over the centuries, each innovation (, the introduction of iron) causing profound changes in human From early times, too, people created ingenious systems of irrigation to control water supply, especially in semiarid areas and regions of periodic rainfall, , the Middle East, the American Southwest and Mexico, the Nile Valley, and S A Farming was often intimately associated with landholding (see tenure) and therefore with political Growth of large estates involved the use of slaves (see slavery) and bound or semifree In the Western Middle Ages the manorial system was the typical organization of more or less isolated units and determined the nature of the agricultural In Asia large holdings by the nobles, partly arising from feudalism (especially in China and Japan), produced a similar The Rise of Commercial Agriculture As the Middle Ages waned, increasing communications, the commercial revolution, and the rise of cities in Western Europe tended to turn agriculture away from subsistence farming toward the growing of crops for sale outside the community (commercial agriculture) In Britain the practice of inclosure allowed landlords to set aside plots of land, formerly subject to common rights, for intensive cropping or fenced pasturage, leading to efficient production of single In the 16th and 17th horticulture was greatly developed and contributed to the so-called agricultural Exploration and intercontinental trade, as well as scientific investigation, led to the development of horticultural knowledge of various crops and the exchange of farming methods and products, such as the potato, which was introduced from America along with beans and corn (maize) and became almost as common in N Europe as rice is in SE A The appearance of mechanical devices such as the sugar mill and Eli Whitney's cotton gin helped to support the system of large plantations based on a single The Industrial Revolution after the late 18th swelled the population of towns and cities and increasingly forced agriculture into greater integration with general economic and financial In the American colonies the independent, more or less self-sufficient family farm became the norm in the North, while the plantation, using slave labor, was dominant (although not universal) in the S The free farm pushed westward with the Modern Agriculture In the N and W United States the era of mechanized agriculture began with the invention of such farm machines as the reaper, the cultivator, the thresher, and the Other revolutionary innovations, , the tractor, continued to appear over the years, leading to a new type of large-scale Modern science has also revolutionized food processing; refrigeration, for example, has made possible the large meatpacking plants and shipment and packaging of perishable Urbanization has fostered the specialties of market gardening and truck Harvesting operations (see harvester) have been mechanized for almost every plant product Breeding programs have developed highly specialized animal, plant, and poultry varieties, thus increasing production The development of genetic engineering has given rise to genetically modified transgenic crops and, to a lesser degree, livestock that possess a gene from an unrelated species that confers a desired Such modification allows livestock to be used as “factories” for the production of growth hormone and other substances (see pharming) In the United States and other leading food-producing nations agricultural colleges and government agencies attempt to increase output by disseminating knowledge of improved agricultural practices, by the release of new plant and animal types, and by continuous intensive research into basic and applied scientific principles relating to agricultural production and These changes have, of course, given new aspects to agricultural In the United States and other developed nations, the family farm is disappearing, as industrialized farms, which are organized according to industrial management techniques, can more efficiently and economically adapt to new and ever-improving technology, specialization of crops, and the volatility of farm prices in a global Niche farming, in which specialized crops are raised for a specialized market, , heirloom tomatoes or exotic herbs sold to gourmet food shops and restaurants, revived or encouraged some smaller farms in the latter 20th and early 21st , but did little to stop the overall decrease in family In Third World countries, where small farms, using rudimentary techniques, still predominate, the international market has had less effect on the internal economy and the supply of Most of the governments of the world face their own type of farm problem, and the attempted solutions vary as much as does agriculture The modern world includes areas where specialization and conservation have been highly refined, such as Denmark, as well as areas such as N Brazil and parts of Africa, where forest peoples still employ “slash-and-burn” agriculture—cutting down and burning trees, exhausting the ash-enriched soil, and then moving to a new In other regions, notably SE Asia, dense population and very small holdings necessitate intensive cultivation, using people and animals but few machines; here the yield is low in relation to energy In many countries extensive government programs control the planning, financing, and regulation of Agriculture is still the occupation of almost 50% of the world's population, but the numbers vary from less than 3% in industrialized countries to over 60% in Third World
1\Designing your own panorama, could be each exciting and If you are contemplating such a mission, listed here are some practical ideas and Planning the ProjectPlanning your landscape design is the first and most vital Take the time to assemble the data you will want to make your decisions on the weather you wish to include in your landscape Will you want a deck, patio, foot paths, walkways, a pond? What sort of plants, timber, flowers, and ground cover will you want to use? You need to research books, articles, and landscape design magazines that will help you make these It will pay off in the end by saving you cash, time, and frustration, enabeling you find yourself with a beautifully completed mission to be proud The DesignThe landscape design is your subsequent You will need to make a structure of the realm to be landscaped, as close to scale as possible, and with accurate Many landscape design planning guides that provides you with step-by-step instructions can be found on the internet without spending a dime, and books or eBooks are As soon as your panorama design structure is done you’ll be able to started to position your components on the layout This should be your first or preliminary plan and as you progess, modifications will be transfered to your secondary or updated Altering your thoughts usually is simply After all this is just on paper at this point and you haven’t spent any money or performed any labor Experimenting with a few plans is critical before you come up the final landscape A properly planned landscape won’t ever look the same in numerous Plan your panorama design to change with the You must try to design your landscape as maintenance free as Panorama Design Software programIf it is onerous for you to visualize your finished panorama design by simply taking a look at your format, there is some excellent landscape design software A lot of the landscape design software was originally developed for skilled landscapers, however since has been modified for the beginner who needs to do-it- There are a lot of do-it-yourslef panorama design software program applications out there Panorama design software permits you to see a digital picture of the landscape design and allows you to transfer gadgets round and see the changes you make come to Some software means that you can import a photograph of your property or constructing and designs the panorama across the Most landscape design software packages offer advise on using and putting the numerous completely different components obtainable right now in your landscape A properly designed panorama will all the time change with time, abd a number of the landscape design software program obtainable will mean you can view your panorama because it You may see what it’s going to seem like 5 or 10 years from now when the bushes have grown and the plants GardensMany people prefer to incorparate a garden of their landscape Gardens may be tucked away in the nook of an space, or be the point of interest of the entire panorama Gardens can even be stragecly positioned among the plants, flowers and trees so they mix in with your entire landscape If you like to backyard, dont overlook all of the garden design possiblities when planning your landscape If you want extra info with regard to landscape architect los angeles, pay a visit to Demitri Sanromartin’s internet site without delay2\We are all ready to invest large amounts of money on landscaping in order to give a face lift to our But we didn’t prune enough or at all when our lawn needed it, making our prized lawns and gardens looking worse than This is the best time to start getting ready and preparing your lawn for beautiful For your garden to have a longer life span, take the following tips into Plenty of individuals would love to have a garden that has a lot of stunning hydrangeas or azaleas growing This particular goal takes a good deal of time and effort, nevertheless, so if you’re amongst those individuals who would like to achieve it, you’ll need to work very hard beginning right Fundamental Garden LandscapingStarting small is without doubt the method to use, particularly if you happen to be a beginner in this particular One of the things you should focus on to start with will be the choice of plants you want to cultivate, flowers, trees, or maybe even It is clearly sensible to decide on plants that do not need an excessive amount of maintenance but when you are confident enough in relation to your gardening skills, roses, orchids, and bonsai trees offer great Getting the soil ready is very important to ensure that you will be able to grow beautiful things in your Using organic fertilizers often is the preferred strategy to use since they will not present any kind of threat to the environment or to human Becoming acquainted with different kinds of organic fertilizers such as horse manure or steer manure can enable you to do a good job in preparing the garden soil for great growing Structures and DecorNaturally, a vibrant and nicely decorated lawn is really what you’ll want which involves various garden landscaping options including water fountains, fencing, and The strategy is to integrate as much of your own personality into your design so as to make it a little haven that is not just lovely to view but also is a quintessential reflection of Outdoor furniture is a very common garden landscaping feature which also happens to be very When you have the area to hold a complete set, you might as well go for it, especially when you want to have a proper place for your guests during the day if the sun is out but it is not too Patio and Garden Lighting FixturesAdequate illumination can be a large part of designing your The patio is where it all begins so you might wish to buy a good set of sconces or wall lights which illuminate the area and highlight its naturally Garden lighting is encouraged not just for functional purposes but also for displaying the best features of the space even at UpkeepTo be able to continue to keep the garden in excellent shape, it is crucial to understand its needs like routine and controlled watering, tilling, mowing, and weed Watering needs to be season and weather appropriate because gardens that are way too dry or too wet will never flourish so make sure that you adjust Mark Vaccaro researches and writes extensively on the best practices in online Some articles that I recommend reading can be found on the topics of 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这些都是名字的缩写，学位的缩写只有PhD，MD，BD啊,英文文献好像是不标学位的给你几个示范一下，都是根据国标写的。 作者 文章名 刊物类型 刊物 年度，期卷号：页码范围 [ ] Nikolaev Yu A, Gas Detonation and its Application in Engineering and Technologies[J] Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2003, 39(4): 382-410 [ ] LCYang, P H D Key Parameters for Controlling of Function Reliability in “None1 Tube” Explosive Transfer System[C], 1999: AIAA99-31211 [ ] Peng Jinhua, Tang M One of the Applications of Dust Explosions – Nonel System[J] Archivum Combustionis, 1989(9): 223-229 [ ] Liu Dabin, Jiang Rongguang, Yang D The Pressure Characteristics of Nonel Tube in Its Detonation Growth Process[J/OL]: 93-96
毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点： ①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, MR，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F & IG； ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例 期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者篇名[J]刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码 【举例】 [1] 王海粟浅议会计信息披露模式[J]财政研究，2004,21(1)：56- [2] 夏鲁惠高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J]高等理科教育，2004(1):46- [3] Heider, ER& DCO The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J] Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 专著类 【格式】[序号]作者书名[M]出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码 【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军现代西方财务会计理论[M]厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001： [5] Gill, R Mastering English Literature [M] London: Macmillan, 1985: 42- 报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者篇名[N]报纸名，出版日期（版次） 【举例】 [6] 李大伦经济全球化的重要性[N] 光明日报，1998-12-27(3) [7] French, W Between Silences: A Voice from China[N] Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33) 论文集 【格式】[序号]作者篇名[C]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码 【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫西方文论选[C] 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12- [9] Spivak,G “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A] In CNelson & L Grossberg() Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C] Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, 271- [10] Almarza, GG Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A] In DFreeman and JCRichards () Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C] New York: Cambridge University P 50- 学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者篇名[D]出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码 【举例】 [11] 张筑生微分半动力系统的不变集[D]北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1- 研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者篇名[R]出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码 【举例】 [12] 冯西桥核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R]北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9- 条例 【格式】[序号]颁布单位条例名称发布日期 【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会科学技术期刊管理办法[Z]1991—06—05 译著 【格式】[序号]原著作者 书名[M]译者，译出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码 三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。 四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等 ，并列写出来。
[3] Tomas U G Social Capital and Career Success of Civil Engineers towards Designing Career Paths[J] [4] Doug SWorking as aMechanic Was Good Preparation For a Career as a Civil Engineer[J] 84(2):14- 以上两篇参考文献的类型属于期刊论文，第[3]篇缺少出处信息：刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码。第[4]篇缺少刊名和出版年的信息。请使用数据库检索到这两篇文献，补齐缺少的信息。期刊的参考文献格式（GB 7714-2015 信息和文献 参考文献著录规则）是： [序号]作者论文题名[J]刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码 注意，欧美作者的要求是：姓在前，署全称，字母全大写，名在后，可缩写，多作者之间用“，”隔开，最多署3个作者，三个以上的作者省略，用“et ”。
Architectural Science ReviewISSN 0003-8628 2LandscapeISSN 0815-4465 3Topos - The International Review of Landscape Architecture and Urban DesignISSN 0942-752X 4AMC Le Moniteur ArchitectureISSN 0998-4194 5Journal of Environmental PsychologyISSN 0272-4944SSCI6Landscape and Urban PlanningISSN 0169-2046SSCI7Landscape EcologyISSN 0921-2973SCIE8Architectural DesignsISSN 0747-5179 9Journal of Architectural EducationISSN 1046-4883A&HCI10Architectural RecordISSN 0003-858XA&HCI11Environment and BehaviorISSN 0013-9165E-ISSN 1552-390X SSCI12Journal of the American Planning AssociationISSN 0194-4363SSCI13Urban AffairsISSN 0042-0816 14International Regional Science ReviewISSN 0160-0176SSCI15Journal of Planning Education and ResearchISSN 0739-456XSSCI16Journal of Urban Planning and DevelopmentISSN 0733-9488SSCI17Landscape ArchitectureISSN 0023-8031A&HCI18Landscape JournalISSN 0277-2426 19Landscape and Urban PlanningISSN 0304-3924 20建筑と都市/a+u，Architecture and UrbanismISSN 0389-9160A&HCI21Landscape DesignISSN 0020-2908 22Transactions of AIJ 日本建筑学会计画系论文集ISSN 1340-4210 23AIJ Journal of Technology and Design日本建筑学会技术报告集 ISSN 1341-9463 24Journal of Asian Architecture and Building EngineeringISSN 1346-7581E-ISSN 1347-2852SCIE
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LANDSCAPE ECOL (影响因子29)LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN (影响因子17)
SCI 核版（印刷版网络版）SCIE扩展版（没印刷版）核版比较难发SCIE发点
野草的花、叶不美，但很顽强生长的野草，来比喻自己写的这23篇作品，也可以说把自己的作品比喻为野草，也有“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”的含义因为野草的生命力特别强，能在特别恶劣的自然环境中生长，它们生长的土壤中也有肥料。这些天然肥料是由枯草、落叶和小动物的尸体腐败后形成的。
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AAA根据我搜集的一些网站来看，建议看看这个，要做毕业论文以及毕业设计的，推荐一个网站 ，里面的毕业设计什么的全是优秀的，因为精挑细选的，网上很少有，都是相当不错的毕业论文和毕业设计，对毕业论文的写作有很大的参考价值，希望对你有所帮助。别的相关范文很多的，推荐一些比较好的范文写作网站，希望对你有帮助，这些精选的范文网站，里面有大量的范文，也有各种文章写作方法，注意事项，应该有适合你的，自己动手找一下，可不要照搬啊，参考一下，用自己的语言写出来那才是自己的。 如果你不是校园网的话，请在下面的网站找：毕业论文网： 分类很细 栏目很多毕业论文： 毕业设计： 开题报告： 实习论文： 写作指导：
毕业设计(论文)是学生毕业前最后一个重要学习环节，是学习深化与升华的重要过程。它既是学生学习、研究与实践成果的全面总结，又是对学生素质与能力的一次全面检验，而且还是对学生的毕业资格及学位资格认证的重要依据。为了保证我校本科生毕业设计(论文)质量，特制定“同济大学本科生毕业设计(论文)撰写规范”。 一、毕业设计（论文）资料的组成 A．毕业设计(论文)任务书；B．毕业设计(论文)成绩评定书；C．毕业论文或毕业设计说明书（包括：封面、中外文摘要或设计总说明（包括关键词）、目录、正文、谢辞、参考文献、附录）；D．译文及原文复印件；E．图纸、软盘等。 二、毕业设计(论文)资料的填写及有关资料的装订 毕业设计(论文)统一使用学校印制的毕业设计(论文)资料袋、毕业设计(论文)任务书、毕业设计(论文)成绩评定书、毕业设计(论文)封面、稿纸（在教务处网上下载用，学校统一纸面格式，使用A4打印纸）。 毕业设计(论文)资料按要求认真填写，字体要工整，卷面要整洁，手写一律用黑或蓝黑墨水；任务书由指导教师填写并签字，经院长（系主任）签字后发出。 毕业论文或设计说明书要按顺序装订：封面、中外文摘要或设计总说明（包括关键词）、目录、正文、谢辞、参考文献、附录装订在一起，然后与毕业设计(论文)任务书、毕业设计(论文)成绩评定书、译文及原文复印件（订在一起）、工程图纸(按国家标准折叠装订)、软盘等一起放入填写好的资料袋内交指导教师查收，经审阅评定后归档。 三、毕业设计说明书(论文)撰写的内容与要求 一份完整的毕业设计(论文)应包括以下几个方面： 1．标题 标题应该简短、明确、有概括性。标题字数要适当，不宜超过20个字，如果有些细节必须放进标题，可以分成主标题和副标题。 2．论文摘要或设计总说明 论文摘要以浓缩的形式概括研究课题的内容，中文摘要在300字左右，外文摘要以250个左右实词为宜，关键词一般以3～5个为妥。 设计总说明主要介绍设计任务来源、设计标准、设计原则及主要技术资料，中文字数要在1500～2000字以内，外文字数以1000个左右实词为宜，关键词一般以5个左右为妥。 3．目录 目录按三级标题编写（即：1……、1……、1……），要求标题层次清晰。目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致，附录也应依次列入目录。 4．正文 毕业设计说明书(论文)正文包括绪论、正文主体与结论，其内容分别如下： 绪论应说明本课题的意义、目的、研究范围及要达到的技术要求；简述本课题在国内外的发展概况及存在的问题；说明本课题的指导思想；阐述本课题应解决的主要问题，在文字量上要比摘要多。 正文主体是对研究工作的详细表述，其内容包括：问题的提出，研究工作的基本前提、假设和条件；模型的建立，实验方案的拟定；基本概念和理论基础；设计计算的主要方法和内容；实验方法、内容及其分析；理论论证，理论在课题中的应用，课题得出的结果，以及对结果的讨论等。学生根据毕业设计(论文)课题的性质，一般仅涉及上述一部分内容。 结论是对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合而得出的总结，对所得结果与已有结果的比较和课题尚存在的问题，以及进一步开展研究的见解与建议。结论要写得概括、简短。 5．谢辞 谢辞应以简短的文字对在课题研究和设计说明书（论文）撰写过程中曾直接给予帮助的人员（例如指导教师、答疑教师及其他人员）表示自己的谢意，这不仅是一种礼貌，也是对他人劳动的尊重，是治学者应有的思想作风。 6．参考文献与附录 参考文献是毕业设计(论文)不可缺少的组成部分，它反映毕业设计(论文)的取材来源、材料的广博程度和材料的可靠程度，也是作者对他人知识成果的承认和尊重。一份完整的参考文献可向读者提供一份有价值的信息资料。一般做毕业设计(论文)的参考文献不宜过多，但应列入主要的文献可10篇以上，其中外文文献在2篇以上。 附录是对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入毕业设计（论文）的附录中，例如公式的推演、编写的程序等；如果文章中引用的符号较多时，便于读者查阅，可以编写一个符号说明，注明符号代表的意义。一般附录的篇幅不宜过大，若附录篇幅超过正文，会让人产生头轻脚重的感觉。 四、毕业设计(论文)要求 我校毕业设计(论文)大致有设计类、理论研究类（理科）、实验研究类、计算机软件设计类、经济、管理及文科类、综合类等，具体要求如下： 1．设计类（包括机械、建筑、土建工程等）：学生必须独立绘制完成一定数量的图纸，工程图除了用计算机绘图外必须要有1～2张（2号以上含2号图）是手工绘图；一份15000字以上的设计说明书（包括计算书、调研报告）；参考文献不低于10篇，其中外文文献要在2篇以上。 2．理论研究类（理科）：对该类课题工科学生一般不提倡，各院系要慎重选题，除非题目确实有实际意义。该毕业设计报告或论文字数要在20000字以上；根据课题提出问题、分析问题，提出方案、并进行建模、仿真和设计计算等；参考文献不低于15篇，其中外文文献要在4篇以上。 3．实验研究类：学生要独立完成一个完整的实验，取得足够的实验数据，实验要有探索性，而不是简单重复已有的工作；要完成15000字以上的论文，其包括文献综述，实验部分的讨论与结论等内容；参考文献不少于10篇，包括2篇以上外文文献。 4．计算机软件类：学生要独立完成一个软件或较大软件中的一个模块，要有足够的工作量；要写出10000字以上的软件说明书和论文；毕业设计(论文)中如涉及到有关电路方面的内容时，必须完成调试工作，要有完整的测试结果和给出各种参数指标；当涉及到有关计算机软件方面的内容时，要进行计算机演示程序运行和给出运行结果。 5．经济、管理及文科类：学生在教师的指导下完成开题报告；撰写一篇20000字以上的有一定水平的专题论文（外国语专业论文篇幅为5000个词以上。）；参考文献不少于10篇，包括1-2篇外文文献。 6．综合类：综合类毕业设计(论文)要求至少包括以上三类内容，如有工程设计内容时，在图纸工作量上可酌情减少，完成10000字以上的论文，参考文献不少于10篇，包括2篇以上外文文献。 每位学生在完成毕业设计(论文)的同时要求:(1)翻译2万外文印刷字符或译出5000汉字以上的有关技术资料或专业文献（外语专业学生翻译6000～8000字符的专业外文文献或写出10000字符的外文文献的中文读书报告），内容要尽量结合课题（译文连同原文单独装订成册）。(2)使用计算机进行绘图，或进行数据采集、数据处理、数据分析，或进行文献检索、论文编辑等。 绘图是工程设计的基本训练，毕业设计中学生应用计算机绘图，但作为绘图基本训练可要求一定量的墨线和铅笔线图。毕业设计图纸应符合制图标准，学生应参照教务处2004年3月印制的《毕业设计制图规范》进行绘图。 五、毕业设计(论文)的写作细则 1．书写 毕业设计(论文)要用学校规定的文稿纸书写或打印（手写时必须用黑或蓝墨水），文稿纸背面不得书写正文和图表，正文中的任何部分不得写到文稿纸边框以外，文稿纸不得随意接长或截短。汉字必须使用国家公布的规范字。 2．标点符号 毕业设计(论文)中的标点符号应按新闻出版署公布的"标点符号用法"使用。 3．名词、名称 科学技术名词术语尽量采用全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的规范词或国家标准、部标准中规定的名称，尚未统一规定或叫法有争议的名称术语，可采用惯用的名称。使用外文缩写代替某一名词术语时，首次出现时应在括号内注明其含义。外国人名一般采用英文原名，按名前姓后的原则书写。一般很熟知的外国人名（如牛顿、达尔文、马克思等）可按通常标准译法写译名。 4．量和单位 量和单位必须采用中华人民共和国的国家标准GB3100～GB3102-93，它是以国际单位制（SI）为基础的。非物理量的单位，如件、台、人、元等，可用汉字与符号构成组合形式的单位，例如件/台、元/km。 5．数字 毕业设计(论文)中的测量统计数据一律用阿拉伯数字，但在叙述不很大的数目时，一般不用阿拉伯数字，如"他发现两颗小行星"、"三力作用于一点"，不宜写成"他发现2颗小行星"、"3力作用于1点"。大约的数字可以用中文数字，也可以用阿拉伯数字，如"约一百五十人"，也可写成"约150人"。 6．标题层次 毕业设计(论文)的全部标题层次应有条不紊，整齐清晰。相同的层次应采用统一的表示体例，正文中各级标题下的内容应同各自的标题对应，不应有与标题无关的内容。 章节编号方法应采用分级阿拉伯数字编号方法，第一级为"1"、"2"、"3"等，第二级为"1"、"2"、"3"等,第三级为"1"、"2"、"3"等，但分级阿拉伯数字的编号一般不超过四级，两级之间用下角圆点隔开，每一级的末尾不加标点。 各层标题均单独占行书写。第一级标题居中书写；第二级标题序数顶格书写，后空一格接写标题，末尾不加标点；第三级和第四级标题均空两格书写序数，后空一格书写标题。第四级以下单独占行的标题顺序采用ABC…和两层，标题均空两格书写序数，后空一格写标题。正文中对总项包括的分项采用⑴、⑵、⑶…单独序号，对分项中的小项采用①、②、③…的序号或数字加半括号，括号后不再加其他标点。 7．注释 毕业设计(论文)中有个别名词或情况需要解释时，可加注说明，注释可用页末注（将注文放在加注页的下端）或篇末注（将全部注文集中在文章末尾），而不可行中注（夹在正文中的注）。注释只限于写在注释符号出现的同页，不得隔页。 8．公式 公式应居中书写，公式的编号用圆括号括起放在公式右边行末，公式和编号之间不加虚线。 9．表格 每个表格应有表序和表题，表序和表题应写在表格上放正中，表序后空一格书写表题。表格允许下页接写，表题可省略，表头应重复写，并在右上方写"续表××"。 10．插图 毕业设计的插图必须精心制作，线条粗细要合适，图面要整洁美观。每幅插图应有图序和图题，图序和图题应放在图位下方居中处。图应在描图纸或在白纸上用墨线绘成，也可以用计算机绘图。 11．参考文献 参考文献一律放在文后，参考文献的书写格式要按国家标准GB7714－87规定。参考文献按文中出现的先后统一用阿拉伯数字进行自然编号，一般序码宜用方括号括起，不用园括号括起。 各院系根据本《规范》可进一步补充或细化适合本专业毕业设计（论文）撰写的要求，但不得降低学校所提出的基本要求。
《苏州园林》——叶圣陶 叶圣陶（1894～1988）原名叶绍钧，江苏苏州人，现代著名作家、教育家、编辑家。代表作有：长篇小说《倪焕之》，童话集《稻草人》《古代英雄的石像》。《苏州园林》这篇文章是叶圣陶先生晚年为摄影集《苏州园林》写的序。叶圣陶先生22岁以前，一直生活在苏州，课余时间他常和同窗好友游园林，赏美景，他与苏州园林结下了不解之缘。因此对苏州园林的情趣特征有深刻的体会。《送东阳马生序》——宋濂明洪武十一年（1378），宋濂告老还乡的第二年，应诏从家乡浦江（浙江省浦江县）到应天（今江苏南京）去朝见朱元璋时，正在太学读书的同乡晚辈马君则前来拜访，宋濂写了这篇序，介绍自己的学习经历和学习态度，勉励他勤奋学习，成为德才兼备的人。本课只节选了序文的前半部分。在这部分中，作者并没有因为自己的地位和长者身份，就板起面孔说教，而是现身说法，叙述自己青少年时代求学的艰难和勤奋学习的经历，晓之以理，动之以情，作者对马生的殷切期望，寓于其中。宋濂(1310-1381)，字景濂，号潜溪，元末明初文学家，别号玄真子、玄真道士、玄真遁叟，也称宋学士，祖居浙江金华，明初著名文学家。他家境贫寒，但自幼好学，曾受业于元末古文大家吴莱、柳贯、黄溍等。他一生刻苦学习，“自少至老，未尝一日去书卷，于学无所不通”。元朝末年，元顺帝曾召他为翰林院编修，他以奉养父母为由，辞不应召，修道著书。《马说》——韩愈韩愈（768～824）唐代文学家、哲学家。字退之，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他是唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名。作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈还是一个语言巨匠。他善于使用前人词语，又注重当代口语的提炼，得以创造出许多新的语句，其中有不少已成为成语流传至今，如“落井下石”、“动辄得咎”、“杂乱无章”等。在思想上是中国「道统」观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。。《马说》通篇用的就是托物寓意的写法，以千里马不遇伯乐，比喻贤才难遇明主。作者希望统治者能识别人才，重用人才，使他们能充分发挥才能。全文寄托作者的愤懑不平和穷困潦倒之感，并对统治者埋没、摧残人才，进行了讽刺、针砭和控诉。《水浒传》——施耐庵施耐庵（1296～1371元末明初）名子安（一说名耳），又名肇(zhào)瑞，字彦端，号耐庵。籍贯：江苏兴化人。祖籍泰州海陵县，住苏州阊门外施家巷，后迁居当时兴化县白驹场（今江苏省大丰市白驹镇）。身份：中国古代著名作家，元末明初人。《水浒传》的成书，取材于北宋末年宋江起义的故事，以它杰出的艺术描写手段，揭示了中国封建社会中农民起义的发生、发展和失败过程的一些本质方面。《水浒传》的社会意义首先在于深刻揭露了封建社会的黑暗和腐朽，及统治阶级的罪恶，说明造成农民起义的根本原因是“官逼民反”。
苏州园林简介 有人说：“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。”苏州素以园林美景享有盛名，这些园林可分为宅地园林、市郊园林和寺庙园林三大类。苏州园林多为宅地园林，由贵族、官宦、富商等所建，精致优雅。这些园林反映出历代园林的不同风格，同为中国园林艺术的代表作。“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，苏州之所以获得“天堂”的美称，在很大的程度上由于它拥有一批全国以至世界知名的古典园林。
苏州古典园林，指中国苏州城内的园林建筑，以私家园林为主，起始于春秋时期的吴国建都姑苏时（公元前514年），形成于五代，成熟于宋代，兴旺于明代，鼎盛于清代。到清末苏州已有各色园林一百七十多处，现保存完整的有六十多处，对外开放的园林有十九处。占地面积不大，但以意境见长，以独具匠心的艺术手法在有限的空间内点缀安排，移步换景，变化无穷。1997年，苏州古典园林作为中国园林的代表被列入《世界遗产名录》。
<<走进新景观》》作者刘华 参考文献 地址：<><>