普通英语词汇特定医学词义类，如colon在普通英语中指冒号，但在医学英语中一般指结肠；pupil在普通英语中可以指学生，但在医学英语中是指瞳孔； 医学词素合成的术语类。这类词汇数目很大，且一般单词偏长，不懂规律、没有构词知识的话是很难掌握的。很多人对医学词汇的印象都来自于此，并且把这一类词汇误认为是医学词汇的全部。 独立医学术语类，即非医学词素构成的医学专业专用术语，如feces，nausea，vomiting等。全面了解医学词汇的类型、构词特点及其正确翻译对理解医学英语文献起着至关重要的作用。
这项研究调查了Na2SO3在人体正常二倍体 HL-7702（简称L-02）肝细胞的脂肪代谢作用。在24小时、48小时后，用不同浓度的Na2SO3处理，肝内外细胞……关注进口车市
Subcortical ischemic vascular disease is a disease becomes the leading cause of small to multiple subcortical lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions of the brain damage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, is caused by vascular cognitive damage to the most common SIVD can cause gait disorders such as Parkinson-like gait, ataxia of gait, ataxia, or no incentive for the frequent falls, a study shows that gait abnormalities may be early signs of vascular This will lead to gait impairment SIVD pathology, type of gait disorder, gait disorder and the relationship between cognitive impairment, gait disorder analysis and evaluation, and treatment were
dominant-negative版本的表达两个营和CAAT磷酸腺苷反应要素结合蛋白质/ enhancer-binding蛋白质堵住了葡萄糖响应的地区近端”的态度。
5(GDF-5生长分化因素)GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis、成长的发展模式vertebrateskeleton。它被表达在发展interzone关节。会员GDF-5转化生长因子TGF_)-科的信号分子,参与关节软骨开发、维护、及再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞分化和刺激蛋白多糖合成GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism指间建立手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)Mutations GDF5引起angel-shaped epiphyseal在办公具有发育不良,影响食欲臀部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育障碍,hypodontia。在angel-shaped中间phalangeal缩短epiphyseal发育不全是类似于brachydactyly中观察到C,以及这个观察导致GDF5的识别这个实体的突变杂合的突变brachydactyly GDF5也会引起C类,其特点是短的中间第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5突变导致的嘴上和Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性相GDF5的发起者(表3)也被认为对预测髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人口结果的敏感性,降低了在transcriptionalactivity多态性chondrogenic细胞。Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)小精灵基因是家庭成员的成员在广东细胞生长分化与最初被发现有一种癌症中可能的作用(36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型、成熟、和功能。只有WISP3被视为伴随着人类疾病。WISP-3是synoviocytes分泌蛋白表达了和软骨细胞和人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。WISP3隐性突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasia称为进步的pseudorheumatoid撕裂。hildhood(遗传208230号)。现在受到影响的个人年龄在3年,8年,进行性小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,并减少机动性。没有临床证据的炎症。揭示了spondyloepiphyseal骨骼影像学特点,megaepiphyses发现:platyspondyly,以及扩展的两端趾骨射线巨型的示范操作系统trigonum能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。最近,多态性相已经被证明WISP3颁授对佳(表3)。一个特定的多形性Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3,目前也被媒体作为OA易感基因的影响(表3)。
Subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a group to become the main causes, small in subcortical multiple lacunar infarction and cerebral white matter lesions as main brain damage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, is the most common vascular cognitive impairment of SIVD can cause gait obstacles, such as Parkinson's appearance, all lose tonal gait gait, walking instability or without apparent cause of frequent fall, a study showed that abnormal gait might be early vascular This paper will SIVD gait obstacles in pathological mechanism, gait types, gait obstacles and cognitive impairment of the relationship, gait obstacles analysis and evaluation,
Expression of dominant-negative versions of both cAMP response element-binding protein and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein blocked the glucose response of the proximal region in a dose-dependent mannerdominant-negative版本的表达两个营和CAAT磷酸腺苷反应要素结合蛋白质/ enhancer-binding蛋白质堵住了葡萄糖响应的地区近端”的态度
Subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease (with ischemic vascular subcortical, SIVD) is a group to become the main causes, small in subcortical multiple lacunar infarction and cerebral white matter lesions as main brain damage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, is a cause of vascular cognitive impairment (vascular cognitive resulted VCI), the most common SIVD can cause gait obstacles, such as Parkinson's appearance, all lose tonal gait gait, walking instability or without apparent cause of frequent fall, a study showed that abnormal gait might be early vascular This paper will SIVD gait obstacles in pathological mechanism, gait types, gait obstacles and cognitive impairment of the relationship, gait obstacles analysis and evaluation,
An important concern in the theory of mathematical constants is the definition of new sequences which converge to these constants with increasingly higher This, from the need to estimate much better these constants, involves calculating a few more possible
这个 帮不了
如果你自己水平OK，可以自己搜一篇找人帮你翻。这种现成品，基本上存在于数学专业研究生论文完成后，不见得会拿出来。
你好！恢复期，康复期 的英文如下。recovery period, rehabilitation period。
Irecoverednow：我现在康复了recovered[ri'kʌvəd]基本翻译恢复（recover的过去分词）；重新获得重新找到的网络释义recovered:已修复|复原|治愈
rehabilitation training 英[ˌri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən ˈtreiniŋ] 美[ˌrihəˌbɪləˈteʃən ˈtrenɪŋ] [词典] [医] 康复训练; [例句]Objective: To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation training for the functional recovery of acute cerebral infarction 目的：探讨早期康复训练对急性脑梗塞患者功能恢复的影响。
be recovered to health; to come through; to storation from sickness
1。溶胶凝胶（SG）的方法L05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2阴极材料的方法合成了柠檬酸溶胶凝胶[下列方式31]研究。李（醋酸）•2H2O的，锰（醋酸）2•4H2O的化学计量的数额，镍（醋酸）2•4H2O的，和Co（醋酸）2•4H2Owere溶解于蒸馏水。柠檬酸作为螯合剂。溶液的pH值调整为0氢氧化铵。解决的办法是在70-80◦C的加热，直到得到一个透明溶胶。由此产生的干凝胶前驱体在120◦C的空气中4小时和8小时后与分解为450◦C以除去水中的有机物含量。被分解的粉末球磨（斯佩克斯阿8000混合机/米尔）为2小时不锈钢球，在850◦C的空气中烧结12小时地面加热和冷却的粉率分别为4◦◦C和最小煤粉浓度2 - 1，分别。2。共沉淀（CP）方法L05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2阴极材料采用共沉淀法从镍钴氢氧化物前驱体法合成Mnmixed [17,24]。易制毒化学（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）（OH）2的制备化学计量比溶解的镍量（醋酸）2•4H2O的，钴（醋酸）2•4H2O的和Mn（CH3COO）2•4H2O的蒸馏水中（阳离子比镍：公司：锰= 1:1:1）和金属醋酸盐的总浓度为2mol L - 1的。在水溶液中，加入氢氧化锂（1米）/氨水（3M公司）随着继续搅拌沉淀。解决的办法是保持在50◦C和24小时的pH值控制在10-11。绿色褐色混合氢氧化物沉淀。经过滤，洗涤，干燥的氢氧化precipitatewas C的24小时，在120◦清除吸附的水。然后，得到的前驱体与LiOH的需要混合使用量球磨机（斯佩克斯阿8000混合机/米尔）和粉末压成颗粒。最初的颗粒加热到400◦C的6小时，然后在空气中磨光。微丸被翻拍，随后在900◦在空气中12 h的amuffle C烧结炉。加热速度最小煤粉浓度固定为4◦- 1和降温的速度是固定最小煤粉浓度为2◦- 1
求翻译一篇英文化学文献Quantifying the Cluster of Differentiation 4 Receptor Density on Human T Lymphocytes Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry 多反应监测质量光谱法应用于人类T淋巴细胞量化分化抗原簇4受体密度 ABSTRACT: Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is an important glycoprotein containing four extracellular domains, a transmembrane portion and a short intracellular It locates on the surface of various types of immune cells and performs a critical role in multiple cellular functions such as signal amplification and activation of T It is well-known as a clinical cell surface protein marker for study of HIV progression and for defining the T helper cell population in immunological Moreover, CD4 protein has been used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular However, flow cytometry, the conventional method of quantification of the CD4 density on the T cell surface depends on antibodies and has suffered from variables such as antibody clones, the fluorophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions, and the flow cytometric quantification methods In this study, we report the development of a highly reproducible nano liquid chromatography−multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based quantitative method to quantify the CD4 receptor density in units of copy number per cell on human CD4+ T The method utilizes stable isotope-labeled full-length standard CD4 as an internal standard to measure endogenous CD4 directly, without the use of The development of the mass spectrometry-based approach of CD4 protein quantification is important as a complementary strategy to validate the analysis from the cytometry-based conventional It also provides new support for quantitative understanding and advanced characterization of CD4 on CD4+ T 摘要：集群分化4(CD4)是一种重要的糖蛋白，它包含四个胞外区域,横跨膜的部分和短的细胞内尾巴。它位于各种类型免疫细胞的表面，在多种细胞功能中扮演重要角色，像细胞信号放大和激活的T细胞。众所周知的是作为研究艾滋病病程的临床细胞表面蛋白标记和在免疫学应用程序中定义辅助T细胞数量。除此之外，CD4细胞蛋白质也已被用作其他表面和胞内蛋白量化的生物校准器。但是，流式细胞，传统量化CD4 T细胞表面密度的方法取决于抗体和并且会受到像抗体克隆、荧光团和结合化学、固定条件以及以前流式细胞定量方法等变量带来的改变。在这项研究中，我们报道一种人类CD4 + T细胞中量化CD4受体密度在每个细胞的拷贝数的高度可再生的纳米液相色谱 - 多反应监测质谱为基础的定量方法的发展。该方法利用稳定同位素标记的全长标准CD4作为内部标准来直接衡量内源性CD4，而不需要使用抗体。 以CD4质谱为基础的蛋白定量方法的发展，作为一个重要的补充战略来验证分析以流式细胞仪为基础的传统方法。它还提供了定量的理解和CD4在CD4 + T细胞上高级鉴定的新支持。 Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is a glycoprotein that locates on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic As a coreceptor, CD4 amplifies the signal generated by the T cell receptor, which is essential for activation of many molecules involved in the signaling cascade of an activated T In human T lymphocytes, CD4 receptor protein is encoded by the CD4 gene1and has four distinct extracellular domains (D1 to D4), a transmembrane portion, and a short intracellular 2The use of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies generated against the four extracellular domains has been widely used to define T helper cells in Although the number of CD4+ T cells decreases in the progression of HIV-1 viral infection deriving from the gp120 viral protein binding to the CD4 receptor, Poncelet et reported that the surface CD4 density still remained constant on T helper cells of HIV-1 infected 3Since then, multiyear research has supported the theory that CD4 expression/density can be used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular 4 分化4 （ CD4）的集群是一种糖蛋白，位于免疫细胞如T辅助细胞，单核细胞，巨噬细胞和树突状细胞的表面。作为一个辅助受体，CD4放大由T细胞受体产生的信号，它对很多分子的活化作用很重要包括信号级联激活T细胞。人类T淋巴细胞， CD4的受体蛋白质是由编码CD4 基因并且有四个不同的胞外结构域（D1到D4） ，跨膜部分和短的胞内尾巴。利用抗人CD4单克隆抗体在4各细胞外结构域的繁殖，已被广泛地被用于在免疫表型上定义辅助性T细胞。尽管CD4 + T细胞的数目在HIV -1病毒感染中减少，HIV -1病毒感染来源于病毒的gp120蛋白结合到CD4受体，蓬斯莱等。报告说，表面CD4的密度在艾滋病毒感染者的T辅助细胞上仍保持不变。从此以后，多年的研究支持了CD4表达/密度可用作生物校准器用于其它表面和细胞内蛋白质量化的这一理论。 Quantitative multicolor flow cytometry incorporating anti- bodies and a fluorescence detection method has played a critical role in clinical diagnostics and Though the ultimate objective of quantitative flow cytometry is to measure the number of antigens or ligand binding sites associated with a cell, the task is carried out by measuring the number of antibodies bound per cell (ABC) It is critically important to produce biological cell reference materials that bear well-characterized protein markers such as CD4 for the trans-formation of a calibrated linear fluorescence intensity scale of a flow cytometer channel to a biologically meaningful ABC 7The quality of the cytometric measurements is affected by variables such as antibody clones, the fluorophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions, and the flow cytometric quantification methods 4,8−11Hence, in addition to characterizing candidate reference cell preparations that use antibody-based cytometric methods,12it is necessary to develop a complementary approach to validate the absolute quantification of reference marker proteins such as CD4 without the use of 定量多色流式细胞结合体和荧光检测方法在临床诊断和免疫治疗中起到了至关重要的作用。虽然定量流式细胞仪最终目标是测量抗原或与细胞结合配体结合位点的数目，该任务的完成是通过测量每个细胞（ ABC）抗体结合的数目。这对于