open access library ，可以找英文论文。Scientific Research Publishing ，这个是英文出版社
一篇说明性的英文学术类文章An illustrative English academic article
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In 2002 will be implemented in three 10 X college entrance examination College entrance examination system in the reform of English teaching The key lies in establishing the class-based teaching system (1) listening and Against the status quo of poor listening and speaking ability of students to open every Monday of English listening and speaking Use the latest teaching listening "to the future", "traveled the United States," "expect English," and other tapes, video tapes and newspapers, using advanced listening equipment in the classroom teaching through listening, speaking, dialogue, performances, lectures and other lively, interesting students heard about the form of training to improve the communication skills of students, training students in the level of oral expression, reversing the pre-existing "dumb-style" English teaching status (2) the addition of extensive reading classes, the establishment of Foreign Language Reading R Although the new textbooks to read the current increased, but far from what is In order to expand the scope of the students exposure to English, optional printing a variety of genres, subjects suitable for students to read the According to the requirements of content and reading test, teachers will be articles to classify each article in the post-coupled with an appropriate amount of reading comprehension In order to broaden the teaching of English extension, so that extensive reading in English from the curricular and extra-curricular extension to the establishment of foreign language reading acquisition have been published in a variety of domestic suitable for high school students to read English books, will be in English Extensive Reading from the classroom extended to Yuelan Shi to further stimulate students interest in reading and Subscribe for students in English newspapers and magazines, the establishment of English specialty health system, at any time to give them an open reading rooms and study Teaching through extensive reading, students can not only consolidate the textbooks and the basics, but also can improve the self-learning ability to develop intelligence, reading to be (3) The creation of writing Poor writing skills for students in English and Chinese-style English sentences in the written expression of uncommon situation, the school can fully use my existing computer software, according to the new textbooks written request, step by step training on the students "English written expression and training", will be Practical, descriptive text, description text and carry out the purpose of discussion, sub-level guidance Writing Course opened for the entrance examination is not merely to prepare for the written expression, but also enable students to learn a variety of English style of writing methods and techniques to meet the future requirements of the community of foreign language (4) The implementation of the different levels of English teaching, the successful introduction of English classes and increase Students according to their actual English proficiency, the free selection of the successful lessons to enhance our School teachers to take a The basis of less successful lessons where students can make up for deficiencies in knowledge and a good grasp of double-base implementation, to develop their own non-intellectual factors, promote the improvement of performance and enjoy the joy of The basis of good students can participate in improving the high level of English classes comprehensive training to promote their own standard of English to the "high, precision and advanced the" development and outline the task ahead of schedule to prepare for the 2002年全国将实施3十X高考制度。高考制度在改革，英语教学改革势在必行。 关键在于建立各课型教学体系 （1）听说课。针对学生听说能力差的现状，开设每周一节次的英语听说课。选用最新听力教材“走向未来”，“走遍美国”，“希望英语”等录音带，录像带及报纸，利用先进的听音设备，在课堂教学中通过听，说，对话，表演，演讲等各种生动，有趣的形式对学生进行听说训练，提高学生的交际能力，训练学生的口语表达水平，扭转以前存在的“哑巴式”英语教学的现状。 （2）增设泛读课，建立外文阅览室。现行新教材尽管阅读量增加，但远远不能满足需要。为了扩大学生对英语的接触范围，可选印各种体裁，题材适于学生阅读的文章。根据内容和阅读测试的要求，教师将文章进行分类，在每篇文章后配以适量的阅读理解题。为了拓宽英语课堂教学的外延，使英语泛读由课内延伸到课外，建立外文阅览室，购置国内现已出版发行的各种适合中学生阅读的英语读物，将英语泛读由教室扩展到阅览室，进一步激发学生的阅读兴趣和主动性。为学生订阅英文报刊和杂志，建立英语特长生制度，随时给他们开放阅览室和自修室。通过泛读课教学，学生不仅能巩固课本中出现的基础知识，而且能提高自学能力，开发智力，从阅读中得到乐趣。 （3）开设写作课。针对学生英文写作能力差，中国式英语句子在书面表达屡见不鲜的状况，可充分利用我校现有的电脑软件，根据新教材写作要求，循序渐进地对学生进行写作训练。 “英语书面表达与训练”，将应用文，描写文，说明文和论述进行有目的，分层次的指导训练。开设写作课不仅仅是单纯为高考的书面表达做准备，也是让学生学会各种英语文体的写作方法与技巧，适应未来社会对外语人才的要求。 （4）实施英语分层次教学，开设英语成功课与提高课。学生可以根据自己的实际英语水平，自由挑选上成功课还是提高课。教师采取挂牌上课。基础较差的学生可以在成功课里弥补知识的缺陷，抓好双基落实，开发自己的非智力因素，促进成绩的提高，享受成功的喜悦。基础较好的学生可以参加提高班的较高水平的英语综合训练，促使自己的英语水平向“高，精，尖”发展，提前完成大纲任务并为竞赛作好准备。
How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third EditionTo be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard Before you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation" To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right After mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary *************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in C *******************Speaking:In China, you won't have enough chances to speak E What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and Listening:Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in E The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words Writing:It is also very useful to write On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences ( remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences)Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new Read as many thin books as you possibly Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even Putting four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral E If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak EOn Spoken English, attitude is very You need to be very keen and you must not be Never be afraid to make Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my E My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the Having some international friends is particularly useful Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence *****Now, I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General EIt is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" *******************************Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most Skills are as important as mastering another General English helps people to communicate with each other in their Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest, to earn money for your living for the Some people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study, Journalist, History, Education or even a bit more technical like Finance, Business Administration or EIt is extremely useful to know more because there are so many words in English and they appear differently to each For people whose second language is English, will find it difficult to guess the meaning of a new For sure, it is not possible to know Pick a major first and put all your effort on that major, in the end you will have a rich vocabulary of that Difficulties on learning Technical English:To master technical English in your area of study, there are two difficulties to 1, the language, because it is not your first language, you need to remember the terms, knowing how to pronounce it and spell 2, surely you need to understand the terms in a technical No matter what field, it is going to be the same; the two difficulties above must be Here I take Physics as an example (note that whatever field you are looking into is going to be similar):The term "momentum" is basically the product of the mass of the object and the velocity it Obviously, you need to understand mass and velocity as If you understand mass and velocity, then you get the explanation of the term "momentum" in physics, then you are most likely to understand the word and use it properly in the technical world of P From this example, you can see how to understand a technical word in a technical fashion: you need to understand the very fundamental knowledge of a field to be able to understand more complex terminologies or Before learning technical English in your field of study, I have a good recommendation to save your time:To understand technical knowledge in your first language (Chinese), then you might not have the second What it left to overcome is just the first difficulty (the language), hence the effort required is I can give you an example of my own:When I was learning chemistry at A-level, I had already learnt inorganic chemistry at the equivalent level in China, so I had no difficulty whatsoever in learning inorganic chemistry in the UK in EBut I had not learnt organic chemistry in China, and I was struggling significantly in learning organic chemistry in the UK due to dual ************OK, I have finished talking about how to improve your technical ENow i will talk about IT (Information Technology), why is this important? Because nowadays it is the information age, you need to know computers, Internet, media and communications Knowing how to use Internet to search information will help your E ************I don't want to waffle too much on Computers are more and more important nowadays, everyone wants a computer and most people have their own But most people are not using the right Operating System for learning E Now I would like to introduce you to Debian Linux Operating system or a much nicer operating system called Ubuntu L If you still don't have a computer you can buy a China's home grown computer based on a Loongson CPU It saves your electricity and your time to deal with Linux will help you to improve your English skills because you need to read some documents and follow the instructions to set up software programs, it also requires you to search the Internet (Google for example) to find the answers to your problems ( installations of software programs)you can read about the commands of Linux in the terminal by putting in "man
从最基本的说起，其实和语文的议论文一样， 有introduction,body and conclusion。 Introduction- topic, point of view(optional),a breif introduction that the student will mention in the following paragraph (1st para of body) Body- a thesis statement + supportive examples + a summary of the thesis(optional) NB: one thesis (idea)/ Conclusion- rearrangement of REMEMBER students have no idea! That's the whole idea of academic Thus there is a very IMPORTANT tip you need to tell your students- REFERENCES References need to appear in introduction,body and conclusion of the whole Academic writings are usually expositive, hence you need tell your students to use passive Active words are ONLY used in Creative Writing
浅论基础英语教学中的文化教育 英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。 基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。实施基础文化教学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。 基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。 我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。 基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。 交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。 因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。 我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。 英语文化知识教育应该是文学欣赏课程的内容，学习外语的任务就是领悟和掌握语言系统成分的正确用法及实际应用语言的能力，忽视了语言的得体性和社会环境等重要因素在交际中所起的作用。 英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。 实施基础文化教学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。 基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。 我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。 基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。 语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。 交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。 只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。 因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。 我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。来自:标准论文网,原文:
Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel The novel is told in the form of an extended After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering H It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named H And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off- But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is This kind of situation often leads to separation or Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from M Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his This separation continued until after M Earnshaw had Another example is between Hindley and H Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young H This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son LHeathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his Linton even says " my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about HThe hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each This had happened between Isabella and H Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married "(125) Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar L Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be Yet, after a while, she became She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love HThis enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and L Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about LBecause she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the These three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very While these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some One example of this is when M Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, H Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ," be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of S"(35) Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar L The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and L These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she She always thinks and considers things in a simple She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and H She thinks it is a kind of She is a limited In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend An outsider will see the whole thing more However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the As a main character Catherine is a She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and I think this comment is In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s ” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than His existence is natural to her for they are the same in They could understand each other without Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is Everyone has a devil in his The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to H She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human
从最基本的说起，其实和语文的议论文一样， 有introduction,body and conclusion。 Introduction- topic, point of view(optional),a breif introduction that the student will mention in the following paragraph (1st para of body) Body- a thesis statement + supportive examples + a summary of the thesis(optional) NB: one thesis (idea)/ Conclusion- rearrangement of REMEMBER students have no idea! That's the whole idea of academic Thus there is a very IMPORTANT tip you need to tell your students- REFERENCES References need to appear in introduction,body and conclusion of the whole Academic writings are usually expositive, hence you need tell your students to use passive Active words are ONLY used in Creative Writing
你要是找国淘论文写作，就不会出现这种问题了好不好？1．题名规范 题名应简明、具体、确切，能概括论文的特定内容，有助于选定关键词，符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则。2．命题方式3．撰写 英文题名的注意事项 ①英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语最常见，即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和（或）后置定语构成；短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。 ②一般不要用陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义，且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况（评述性、综述性和驳斥性）下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。 ③同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。 ④国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制，有的规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；有的要求题名不超过14个词。这些规定可供我们参考 。 ⑤在论文的英文题名中。凡可用可不用的冠词均不用。
这有
我建议你去百度搜例子，然后自己写
“工具性”着眼于语文课程培养学生语文运用能力的实用功能和课程的实践性特点。工具性作为语文的基本性质：首先，语文是思维的工具。叶圣陶先生认为：“语就是口头语言，文就是书面语言。把口头语言和书面语言连在一起说，就叫语文。 语文课实际上就是通过言语来学习语言，也就是通过课文，一些具有汉语典范性的文作品来学习语言的，而不是孤立地去学字、词、句、章、等知识的。语文老师指导学生进行听说读写训练，就是指导学生把朦胧的思想变为清澈的思想，把不清不楚的语言变为有条有理的语言。 其次，语文是交际的工具。人是一切社会关系的总和，生活在社会上的每一个人都不可能独立存在。语文是人与人交流和交际的必不可缺的工具。现代信息技术的传播速度的提高和广度的扩大，是人们的交流更加方便和快捷，使语文的交际功能达到了新的高度。语文学习的过程是人获得语言，规范语言的过程。 第三，对于其他学科来说，语文具有基础性及工具性。在所有的学科中，语文是一门基础学科，一个人只有具备了一定的语文知识，有了一定的语言积累，掌握了必备的语法知识，才能有条件去学习其他学科。因为所有学科的教材都离不开语言文字，要靠语言文字来传达和表达信息，建立和学生的联系，学生也只有在通过语文知识理解了教材内容后，才有可能将信息进行内化，借助语言在大脑中形成相关的知识体系。“工欲善其事，必先利其器。[4] ”语文既是学习其他学科的基础，更是学习其他学科必备的工具。[1] 人文性 “人文性”着眼于语文课程对于学生思想感情熏陶感染的文化功能和课程所具有的人文学科的特点。语文课程的人文性，强调语文学习的过程，既要学生实现自我成长的过程，也是激发学生创造力和生命力的过程。于漪老师认为：人文精神的内涵应该包括知、情、意等方面，主要指人格、情感、意志、性格、心里品质等。具体到语文课程方面，人文性就意味着：应该对学生人文精神的培养作为课程目标的价值取向，并以此来制定语文课程目标和选择整合和利用语文课程资源；语文课程应凸显教师的人文关怀，使学生受到真善美的熏陶，自身的独特体验受到保护和尊重。教师将在关注学生语文知识、能力发展的同时更加关心学生的情感态度价值观的发展，注重人文关怀和语文教育的感染熏陶作用，实现人文性和工具性的统一。[1] 统一性 《语文课程标准》明确规定：语文是最重要的交际工具，是人类文化的重要组成部分。工具性与人文性的统一，是语文课程的基本特点。语文课程的“工具性”，是指通过语文课程的学习，使学生熟练地运用语言工具，并能顺利地参与交际活动。语文课程的“人文性”主要体现在对学生的人格、个性、精神世界的关怀，培养学生积极向上的情感，正确的价值观、人生观以及高尚的审美意识。语文的工具性是人文性的基础，是人文性的载体；而人文性则是对工具性的升华，它使语文的工具性充满了活力和灵性。工具性与人文性是相互联系、有机统一在一起的。因此在语文教学中，我们既要培养学生的阅读能力，丰富学生的基础知识，还要让学生通过语言文字理解教材所包含的思想、情感等人文性的内涵。[1] 语文，是一门博大精深的学科，要想学好语文，学习兴趣、良好的学习习惯等都是很重要的。有人感到学习语文很吃力，我想主要是由于没有掌握正确的方法，没有拥有一把打开语文之门的金钥匙。想要学好语文，就必须要注重培养学习兴趣，增加阅读能力，养成好的学习习惯，积累学习方法，增强学习能力等。[2] 无论做任何事，兴趣是最重要的。两千年前的“文圣”孔子就曾说过“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”。这句话正说明了“好”、“乐”对于一个人对某种事物的追求和精神支柱。 培养兴趣 培养兴趣，可以去背诵，抄录一些精彩的片断，富有哲理的名人名言，以及课外知识都可以。这样，慢慢积累，在某一天，你会突然发现，原来当一个才多识广，知识渊博的学者竟如此容易。你还可以参加一些关于语文方面的活动，比如演讲、征文等等。爱因斯坦说过：“在学校里和生活中，工作的最重要的动机是工作中的乐趣，是工作获得结果时的乐趣，以及对这种结果社会价值的认识。” 培养习惯 学习习惯的好坏，直接关系到你学习质量的好坏。叶圣陶认为：“从小学老师到大学教授，他们的任务就是帮助学生养成良好的习惯，帮助学生养成政治方面文化科学方面的良好[1] 习惯”。其实好的习惯，主要还是靠自己去养成的。农村有句俗语是这样说的“习惯成自然”如果你坚持一个好的学习习惯，久而久之，则会成为雷打不动的“自然”。养成好的学习习惯可以从学习实践中，文章作品中去领会。《礼记》中说“博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之”这就是一个好的学习习惯，“学而时习之”，“温故而知新”。其实更重要的是要我们从学习中去总结散文、名言之类，可以增
写作不仅能提高学生的语文水平，而且对学生的人生观、世界观的形成有着非常重要的作用。因此，在小学语文教学中作文教学占有重要的位置，但是在实际的作文教学过程中，却存在许多的问题，学生普遍讨厌作文，害怕作文，进而不愿意写作。那么，如何才能解决小学作文教学中出现的这种问题呢？我认为最重要的是激发学生的写作兴趣。瑞士著名教育家皮亚杰曾说过，“所有智力方面的活动都要依赖于兴趣”，这句话准确地道出了兴趣对学习的重要性。我从以下几个方面谈谈自己培养学生写作兴趣的一些观点。 一、注重平时的积累，养成写日记的好习惯 有些学生愿意写作文是他们心中有素材，有东西可写，而那些害怕写作文、讨厌写作文的学生是因为他们一到写作文时脑袋空空，没有内容可写。所以，我们必须注重强调学生平时的积累。写日记是提高学生写作能力的最直接、最简单、最有效的方法，尤其是刚接触作文的小学生。要教学生做一个有心人，学会观察周围的人和事。学生学会了观察，在观察中积累各种素材，写作文时就有材料可以依据了，只要心中有内容，那么在写作时就不会觉得无话可说。因此，必须让学生养成写日记的好习惯，把自己平时的所见、所闻、所感及时的记录下来，通过写日记，不仅可以培养学生的观察和思维能力，还可以培养学生的书面语言表达能力。教师要引导学生该如何去写日记，教会学生写日记的格式以及记录的内容。因此在平时的教学中我有意引导学生学会观察，并要求他们每天把生活中所见、所闻、所感、所思都写成日记，为以后的写作提供丰富的素材。由此可见，写日记在作文教学中起着非常重要的作用。 二、开展丰富有趣的活动激发小学生的写作兴趣 小学生的年龄比较小，经历的事情也不多，语言也不丰富，写起作文来非常吃力，所以在学生写作前应该让学生做一些与作文题目有关的丰富有趣的活动来激发学生的写作兴趣。比如：在写一篇习作《我喜欢的小动物》时，在写作的前一天我让学生回家观察家里的小动物，根据习作要求我让学生重点从哪几个方面进行观察，第二天到学校来向同学们介绍一下所观察的小动物，看谁描述的详细、清楚，分小组进行评比，这就激发了学生的兴趣。学生讲述完，我给予了恰当的评价，之后我让学生根据习作要求写《我喜欢的小动物》这篇作文，发现学生写的非常的好，大部分学生都能将自己心目中的小动物写的非常的生动、可爱，一节课下来几乎都能成功的完成这篇作文。可见，激发学生的写作兴趣是非常重要的。 三、让学生养成阅读的习惯，开阔学生的视野 现在学生普遍害怕写作文、讨厌写作文，主要还是学生积累的材料少，没有内容可写。写作离不开生活，一切写作都源于生活，而阅读则是我们写作的基础，尤其是没有任何写作知识的小学生，阅读是他们写作的取材之地，因此，我们必须培养孩子勤于阅读的好习惯。阅读的内容可以是名著、可以是学生喜欢的童话故事、可以是报纸，也可以是科普类的文章，学生在阅读时老师要引导学生养成学会理解文章的内容，边读边想，并做笔记的好习惯。只要学生对阅读产生兴趣，就会不断地丰富自己的知识，扩大视野，那么写作就有了基础。学生写作时就会有据可依，学生就会对作文产生兴趣。因此，培养学生阅读兴趣也是提高学生写作能力的关键的一步。 四、在写作中教师要教授给学生写作方法 “生活是写作的源泉”这句话道出了写作的真理，为此再次强调，首先，教导学生要把平时的所见、所闻、所感记录下来，教师在教学中要引导学生在生活中多观察、多思考，并勤于动笔，随时把自己的所见、所闻、所感记录下来。教师一定要培养学生做一个有心人，要学会观察周围的事物以及生活中出现的一些有趣的事情。教师要有有目的、有计划、有步骤地对学生进行训练，让学生体验到认真观察周围生活的人、事、物，将会获得很多写作的材料。当学生逐渐的对写作产生兴趣后，教师要培养学生多说多写。写是积累，说是提高，只有说与写结合，才能有效地提高写作能力。要达到多说的目的，在授课时必须让每一名同学都发言，根据学生自身的水平，有针对性的培养学生说的能力。在说的基础上再让学生去写，这样既能让学生积累丰富的材料，又能培养他们的写作兴趣。 此外，要教会学生仿写好的句子，进而仿写文章，这样也可以培养学生的写作兴趣。 五、要给予学生积极恰当的评价 当代的小学生他们的思想还不成熟，但是自尊心却比较强，喜欢夸奖，却受不了批评。教师采取有效的措施就能激发学生的写作兴趣。评语是学生获得作文反馈信息的重要途径，我非常注重对学生习作的批改，注意进行激励性评价。我用红笔把学生习作中的好词佳句划出来，注上评语并带到课堂上让学生互相交流、学习。学生每次看到老师充满爱心的评语都会非常高兴，倍受鼓舞，激发了学生的写作兴趣，写起来更努力、更认真。 总之，作为一名教师，要想培养学生的写作兴趣，必须要培养学生的阅读兴趣，让学生扩大视野，丰富知识。让学生走进生活，多多接触生活，观察生活，感受生活；多给学生一点赏识，多给学生一点鼓励，让学生以一种轻松、愉快的心情去学习。 兴趣是最好的老师，学生只要对写作产生兴趣，那么学生的写作水平一定会有很大的提高。