中国传统文化Chinese traditional culture
中国传统文化翻译chinesetraditionalculture
1、中国传统文化的英语是TraditionalChineseCulture。2、元宵节LanternFestival、刺绣Embroidery、重阳节Double-NinthFestival、清明节Tombsweepingday、剪纸PaperCutting、书法Calligraphy、对联(SpringFestival)Couplets、象形文字Pictograms/PictographicCharACTers、雄黄酒Realgarwine。
Passing on from generation to Chinese traditional culture may be interruppted in certain transient period,more or less changed during different historical periods, but on the whole, China maintained its cultural tradition without letup or obvious National Chinese traditional culture is unique, different from other cultures in the A long With five thousand years of Extensive and Extensive is the breadth of Chinese culture---rich and varied, profound is the depth of Chinese culture---unfathomable
National Geographic 地理人文Time 新闻Rolling stone 音乐The New Yorker 综合类
culture可是假如我们修道生活是要反传统文化（counter-culture），做先知性的声音，就必须面对我们自己教会内、修会内的矛盾甚或伪善。
culture
culture英 ['kʌltʃə] 美 ['kʌltʃɚ]
I
FT中文网
Chinese traditional culture is the fundamental creativity of the achievements of Chinese civilization and the overall form of moral inheritance, various cultural thoughts and spiritual ideas in the history of the Chinese traditional culture, according to the order of the great series of Chinese history, experienced the Chao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong , Huangdi , Yao, Shun, Yu and other times, to the establishment of the Xia D After the continuous development to this Chinese traditional culture is mainly composed of Confucianism, Buddhism and T The traditional culture is not only profound and mellow, but also extensive in More importantly, the Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist cultures promote morality and provide the people with the code of conduct and the ultimate spiritual Confucianism takes benevolence and righteousness as the core and respects the Confucianists of the past dynasties; Taoism takes conforming to nature as the core; Buddhism takes compassion, great love and liberation as the core, emphasizing "all evil do not do, all good practice "All kinds of art (such as painting, sculpture, calligraphy, drama, festival, ) derived from the three cultures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are their concrete forms of
1 是孔子吧2 来中国呗
细菌Proteus寻常的产生两个不同的广泛的底物澳华澳华特异性澳华;也就是说,我和二世,解聚各种基板包括软骨素4-sulfate(C4S)chondroi -锡6-sulfate(c6)和硫酸dermatan(DS)。这两个酶dif -带的动力学参数和行动模式。澳华相比我,这是一个997个氨基酸残基endolytic酶,澳华II是一个exolytic酶含有990个氨基酸残基(12、13)。克丽丝-tal澳华我已经决心结构包括三个领域包括n端域包含一个(残留25 - 234)两层果冻卷β-sheet褶皱,催化域(残留235 - 617年)组成的双层(α/α)5不完整的环形线圈褶皱和c端域(残留618 - 1021)一堆四反平行的β-sheets[14]。基于结构和亩-tagenesis研究,四个氨基酸包括His501 Tyr508 Arg560和Glu653似乎参与澳华的催化活性[15]。澳华chondroitinase AC(cAC)相比,我有一个相对-ly更开放的活性部位槽可以占到整体底物特异性澳华我(16、17)。更加引人注目的能力澳华我处理呕吐含有糖醛酸的异构体归因于胍盐群Arg500援助负责神经膜-两糖醛酸tralization配置[18]。尽管这种独特的澳华我功能,其临床应用是有限的- - - - - -mal不稳定在一些研究报道[5,19]。因此,热Biochimica et Biophysica学报1834(2013)479 - 2013缩写:澳华我,Chondroitinase ABC我;c6,Chondroitin-6-sulfate;C4S的,Chondroitin-4-sulfate;DS Dermatan硫酸;笑话,粘多糖;CSPG,分硫酸droitin蛋白多糖;SCI,脊髓损伤;CD,圆二色性;PDB,蛋白质数据银行⁎通讯作者:临床生化、医学院德黑兰大学医学科学院,邮政信箱:14155 - 6447,德黑兰,伊朗。电话:+ 9821 88991592,传真:+ 98 21 88991593。电子邮件地址:ac。红外(a Golestani)。1570 - 9639 / $ -见前页©2012爱思唯尔帐面价值保留所有权利。 et Biophysica Actastabilization澳华我引起了强烈的兴趣和研究[20]。可以通过几种方法稳定性增强包括使用添加剂、固定、化学改性和工程的蛋白质。我们最近报道一种改进-在热稳定性产生的重组澳华我在我们的实验室通过生物适合的助溶剂[21]。尽管这种方法看起来有前途,我们仍在寻求其他策略来增强-mal澳华我的稳定。
除草活性测试对浮萍属轻微24-well板分析。10μl HPLC-diode数组的提取进行了分析(惠普1090,安捷伦科技)关于它们的化学多样性,决心通过我们HPLC-UV-Vis数据库,它包含大约700次生代谢产物,主要是抗生素。
Nucleic acids and proteins such biological molecules life is the material base, the origin of life key lies in the origin of these life substances, the original in no life on the earth because of natural causes, and through inanimate matter produce various chemical action, organic matter and biological Therefore, the origin of life problem is first primitive of the origin and early evolution of organic The role of chemical evolution is a kind of chemical materials, these chemical material composition amino acids, sugar etc universal "structural unit", nucleic acids and proteins such life from this knot "material is the combination of structural element" In 1922, biochemists Mr Bahrain's first proposed can be used to verify that the hypothesis, the original earth in some of the inorganic, from lightning, sunlight, under the action of the energy into the first batch of organic After the 1953 after 31 years, American chemist miller's first test card in bahrain that He die like original earth with atmospheric composition, hydrogen, methane and ammonia and water vapor, through the heating and spark discharge, synthetic organic molecular amino Following the miller, many through simulation experiment of original earth And the other for the synthesis of the important biological organisms molecules, such as DNA and its set, adenine, deoxyribose nucleoside and nucleotide,, fatty acid, porphyrins and lipid, In 1965 and 1981, our country and in the world's first synthetic insulin and yeast alanine transfer RNA Protein and nucleic acid is formed by the turning point to a lifeless The above two kinds of biological molecules of synthetic success, started by artificial synthetic life substances to study the new era of the origin of Generally speaking, life chemical evolution process including four stages: small molecules generated from inorganic small organic molecules; Small organic molecules from formation organic macromolecular; From organic macromolecular composition can sustain itself the stability and development of many molecular system; Evolution of molecular system from more primitive 核酸和蛋白质等生物分子是生命的物质基础，生命的起源关键就在于这些生命物质的起源，即在没有生命的原始地球上，由于自然的原因，非生命物质通过化学作用，产生出多种有机物和生物分子。因此，生命起源问题首先是原始有机物的起源与早期演化。化学进化的作用是造就一类化学材料，这些化学材料构成氨基酸，糖等通用的“结构单元”，核酸和蛋白质等生命物质就来自这结“结构单元”的组合。 1922年，生物化学家奥巴林第一个提出了一种可以验证的假说，认为原始地球上的某些无机物，在来自闪电，太阳光的能量的作用下，变成了第一批有机分子。时隔31年之后的1953年，美国化学家米勒首次实验证了奥巴林的这一假说。他模似原始地球上的大气成分，用氢、甲烷、氨和水蒸气等，通过加热和火花放电，合成了有机分子氨基酸。继米勒之后，许多通过模拟原始地球条件的实验。又合成出了其他组成生命体的重要的生物分子，如嘌呤、嘧定、核糖、脱氧核糖、核苷、核苷酸、脂肪酸、卟啉和脂质等。1965年和1981年，我国又在世界上首次人工合成胰岛素和酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸。蛋白质和核酸的形成是由无生命到有生命的转折点。上述两种生物分子的人工合成成功，开始了通过人工合成生命物质去研究生命起源的新时代。一般说来，生命的化学进化过程包括四个阶段：从无机小分子生成有机小分子；从有机小分子形成有机大分子；从有机大分子组成能自我维持稳定和发展的多分子体系；从多分子体系演变为原始生命。
1。溶胶凝胶（SG）的方法L05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2阴极材料的方法合成了柠檬酸溶胶凝胶[下列方式31]研究。李（醋酸）•2H2O的，锰（醋酸）2•4H2O的化学计量的数额，镍（醋酸）2•4H2O的，和Co（醋酸）2•4H2Owere溶解于蒸馏水。柠檬酸作为螯合剂。溶液的pH值调整为0氢氧化铵。解决的办法是在70-80◦C的加热，直到得到一个透明溶胶。由此产生的干凝胶前驱体在120◦C的空气中4小时和8小时后与分解为450◦C以除去水中的有机物含量。被分解的粉末球磨（斯佩克斯阿8000混合机/米尔）为2小时不锈钢球，在850◦C的空气中烧结12小时地面加热和冷却的粉率分别为4◦◦C和最小煤粉浓度2 - 1，分别。2。共沉淀（CP）方法L05Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2阴极材料采用共沉淀法从镍钴氢氧化物前驱体法合成Mnmixed [17,24]。易制毒化学（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）（OH）2的制备化学计量比溶解的镍量（醋酸）2•4H2O的，钴（醋酸）2•4H2O的和Mn（CH3COO）2•4H2O的蒸馏水中（阳离子比镍：公司：锰= 1:1:1）和金属醋酸盐的总浓度为2mol L - 1的。在水溶液中，加入氢氧化锂（1米）/氨水（3M公司）随着继续搅拌沉淀。解决的办法是保持在50◦C和24小时的pH值控制在10-11。绿色褐色混合氢氧化物沉淀。经过滤，洗涤，干燥的氢氧化precipitatewas C的24小时，在120◦清除吸附的水。然后，得到的前驱体与LiOH的需要混合使用量球磨机（斯佩克斯阿8000混合机/米尔）和粉末压成颗粒。最初的颗粒加热到400◦C的6小时，然后在空气中磨光。微丸被翻拍，随后在900◦在空气中12 h的amuffle C烧结炉。加热速度最小煤粉浓度固定为4◦- 1和降温的速度是固定最小煤粉浓度为2◦- 1
求翻译一篇英文化学文献Quantifying the Cluster of Differentiation 4 Receptor Density on Human T Lymphocytes Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry 多反应监测质量光谱法应用于人类T淋巴细胞量化分化抗原簇4受体密度 ABSTRACT: Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is an important glycoprotein containing four extracellular domains, a transmembrane portion and a short intracellular It locates on the surface of various types of immune cells and performs a critical role in multiple cellular functions such as signal amplification and activation of T It is well-known as a clinical cell surface protein marker for study of HIV progression and for defining the T helper cell population in immunological Moreover, CD4 protein has been used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular However, flow cytometry, the conventional method of quantification of the CD4 density on the T cell surface depends on antibodies and has suffered from variables such as antibody clones, the fluorophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions, and the flow cytometric quantification methods In this study, we report the development of a highly reproducible nano liquid chromatography−multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based quantitative method to quantify the CD4 receptor density in units of copy number per cell on human CD4+ T The method utilizes stable isotope-labeled full-length standard CD4 as an internal standard to measure endogenous CD4 directly, without the use of The development of the mass spectrometry-based approach of CD4 protein quantification is important as a complementary strategy to validate the analysis from the cytometry-based conventional It also provides new support for quantitative understanding and advanced characterization of CD4 on CD4+ T 摘要：集群分化4(CD4)是一种重要的糖蛋白，它包含四个胞外区域,横跨膜的部分和短的细胞内尾巴。它位于各种类型免疫细胞的表面，在多种细胞功能中扮演重要角色，像细胞信号放大和激活的T细胞。众所周知的是作为研究艾滋病病程的临床细胞表面蛋白标记和在免疫学应用程序中定义辅助T细胞数量。除此之外，CD4细胞蛋白质也已被用作其他表面和胞内蛋白量化的生物校准器。但是，流式细胞，传统量化CD4 T细胞表面密度的方法取决于抗体和并且会受到像抗体克隆、荧光团和结合化学、固定条件以及以前流式细胞定量方法等变量带来的改变。在这项研究中，我们报道一种人类CD4 + T细胞中量化CD4受体密度在每个细胞的拷贝数的高度可再生的纳米液相色谱 - 多反应监测质谱为基础的定量方法的发展。该方法利用稳定同位素标记的全长标准CD4作为内部标准来直接衡量内源性CD4，而不需要使用抗体。 以CD4质谱为基础的蛋白定量方法的发展，作为一个重要的补充战略来验证分析以流式细胞仪为基础的传统方法。它还提供了定量的理解和CD4在CD4 + T细胞上高级鉴定的新支持。 Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is a glycoprotein that locates on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic As a coreceptor, CD4 amplifies the signal generated by the T cell receptor, which is essential for activation of many molecules involved in the signaling cascade of an activated T In human T lymphocytes, CD4 receptor protein is encoded by the CD4 gene1and has four distinct extracellular domains (D1 to D4), a transmembrane portion, and a short intracellular 2The use of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies generated against the four extracellular domains has been widely used to define T helper cells in Although the number of CD4+ T cells decreases in the progression of HIV-1 viral infection deriving from the gp120 viral protein binding to the CD4 receptor, Poncelet et reported that the surface CD4 density still remained constant on T helper cells of HIV-1 infected 3Since then, multiyear research has supported the theory that CD4 expression/density can be used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular 4 分化4 （ CD4）的集群是一种糖蛋白，位于免疫细胞如T辅助细胞，单核细胞，巨噬细胞和树突状细胞的表面。作为一个辅助受体，CD4放大由T细胞受体产生的信号，它对很多分子的活化作用很重要包括信号级联激活T细胞。人类T淋巴细胞， CD4的受体蛋白质是由编码CD4 基因并且有四个不同的胞外结构域（D1到D4） ，跨膜部分和短的胞内尾巴。利用抗人CD4单克隆抗体在4各细胞外结构域的繁殖，已被广泛地被用于在免疫表型上定义辅助性T细胞。尽管CD4 + T细胞的数目在HIV -1病毒感染中减少，HIV -1病毒感染来源于病毒的gp120蛋白结合到CD4受体，蓬斯莱等。报告说，表面CD4的密度在艾滋病毒感染者的T辅助细胞上仍保持不变。从此以后，多年的研究支持了CD4表达/密度可用作生物校准器用于其它表面和细胞内蛋白质量化的这一理论。 Quantitative multicolor flow cytometry incorporating anti- bodies and a fluorescence detection method has played a critical role in clinical diagnostics and Though the ultimate objective of quantitative flow cytometry is to measure the number of antigens or ligand binding sites associated with a cell, the task is carried out by measuring the number of antibodies bound per cell (ABC) It is critically important to produce biological cell reference materials that bear well-characterized protein markers such as CD4 for the trans-formation of a calibrated linear fluorescence intensity scale of a flow cytometer channel to a biologically meaningful ABC 7The quality of the cytometric measurements is affected by variables such as antibody clones, the fluorophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions, and the flow cytometric quantification methods 4,8−11Hence, in addition to characterizing candidate reference cell preparations that use antibody-based cytometric methods,12it is necessary to develop a complementary approach to validate the absolute quantification of reference marker proteins such as CD4 without the use of 定量多色流式细胞结合体和荧光检测方法在临床诊断和免疫治疗中起到了至关重要的作用。虽然定量流式细胞仪最终目标是测量抗原或与细胞结合配体结合位点的数目，该任务的完成是通过测量每个细胞（ ABC）抗体结合的数目。这对于