一般在三十个左右就可以，里面要包含少量的英文文献，5个左右即可
根据不同的杂志的具体要求而定。一般国内期刊上综述类文章20-30篇参考文献居多，如果作者的文章原创度相当高，参考文献不超过10条为好，参考文献数量太多，可能显得很啰嗦，也可能受到部分期刊版面的限制，不同单位对参考文献的要求也会不同，比如有些院校的毕业论文要求20篇参考文献，其中不少于7篇外文文献等
没有具体要求，如果是毕业论文自己学校会有要求，一般都在10－20篇左右
没有统一标准。各高校、各期刊的要求都不尽相同。
汽车租赁是指在约定时间内租赁经营人将租赁汽车交付承租人使用，以取得租赁费用，不提供驾驶劳务的经营方式。 世界汽车租赁业起源于是20世纪的美国，经过半个世纪的发展，目前已经成为全球营业额近千亿美元的一个重要行业。在中国，随着整个社会消费水平的不断提高，汽车租赁从无到有取得了快速发展,虽然仅有十几年的历史，但也表现出巨大的发展潜力和良好的发展前景，特别是汽车租赁业所具有的对于中国汽车工业、汽车流通业、传统运输业,以及旅游业等相关行业发展的带动作用，更是其他行业所无法比拟的。从另一方面看,汽车租赁业在中国尚属起步阶段,租赁营业额较低,行业相关政策法规不配套,而且租赁企业的经营管理水平还有待提高。汽车租赁业对整个社会经济发展的特殊功能和优势尚未发挥出来。 纵观国内外租赁市场状况，对我市汽车租赁市场经营中存在的问题及对策进行如下分析： 一、存在问题 行业政策、法律法规不完善，造成行业管理滞后，使企业运作起来无章可循。 企业规模小,经营方式单一，管理水平低下。唐山较北京、上海等中心城市的租赁企业经营规模小。汽车租赁业作为资金密集型、科技密集型行业，小作坊式的规模带来的弊端显而易见。车辆周转期短，得不到很好的维护，加之配套设施较差，安全隐患较大。由于服务质量难有大的突破，相互间只能拼价格，造成恶性竞争。科技含量不足，企业或企业间网络化经营难以开展。此外，企业规模偏小，抵御市场经营风险能力也较弱。 外部环境制约租赁业发展。这里所讲外部环境一是指社会经济状况，租一辆车的费用每天不少于是200元，对于普通工薪阶层，难以承受，应急而已；二是指社会环境，包括社会治安和公民素质，这些因素关系到经营风险和管理难度，这是多年来汽车租赁企业难以回避的问题，也是制约该行业发展的重要原因。租、盗、逾期不还车、逾期不交费、租金无法收回、超出约定范围行使等屡有发生。在唐山几乎每家租赁企业都遇到过这些事件，有的中小企业因承受不起打击而导致企业倒闭或陷入困境。目前的防范办法就是不断增加对租车者的信誉考证条件使得租赁行业的市场被压缩在极少数消费群体上，但这不仅限制了业务发展，而且仍难以摆脱上述风险的阴影，整个业务过程却由此复杂化，工作效率降低。 二、解决对策 通过国家有关部门的努力，逐步建立和完善相应的政策法律法规，创造公平、公正的宏观发展环境。管理部门本着“总量控制，规范管理，规模经营，扶优限劣”的原则开展管理工作，加大宏观调控力度的前提下，增大科技含量。一方面大力培育市场的规范化发展;另一方面加大打击非法经营和服务质量低劣的力度，净化竞争环境。同时争取其他相关国家部门的政策扶持，如物价、税务、公安、金融、保险、修理业。只有这样，汽车租赁业才能真正成为一个新兴产业，为整个国民经济服务。 汽车租赁业要不断增强自身实力,提高人员素质,努力改善汽车租赁业自身发展环境,积极与国内其他城市及国际汽车租赁业接轨。加强全国性的联网工作,争取做到属地租车,异地还车业务,加强网络化联系,形成规模,杜绝车欠费等现象的发生，使企业朝着规范化、规模化、正规化、网络话的理念向前发展。 3．汽车租赁业与汽车生产企业之间要加强行业间协作，以利汽车更新换代。如果汽车生产企业与汽车租赁企业能够加强合作，可以说两全其美，互利互惠。对于汽车租赁企业来说，如果汽车生产企业可以像发达国家一样以削价、分期付款等方式销售给汽车租赁公司，将有利于汽车更新换代，提高了竞争力，租赁公司将乐此不疲。另一方面生产企业增大了销售额，也受益匪浅。就目前而言，令租赁公司最头疼也最害怕的事就是汽车降价问题，今天更新的车，明天就可能大幅降价，令公司捶胸顿足，抑制了汽车更新换代。如果生产企业对租赁公司有倾斜政策，能很好地协作，对双方都将很有利。 汽车租赁行业应加强自我宣传力度，大力挖掘市场潜力。首先利用媒体等多种手段宣传其不可替代的作用。如：租赁汽车可以解决人们有照无车与出行需要之间的矛盾；可以有效地提高车辆的利用率；可以带动汽车及相关行业的发展；可以缓解现阶段政府机关、单位用车之间的矛盾，节约用车费用；可以满足对社会车辆总量控制的要求，在一定程度上缓解交通拥挤；可以解决婚丧嫁娶、外出旅游、公务商务、会议等用车之急；可以免去购车资金、不必支付保险费、养路费和维修保养费，甚至不需要车库。这一系列好处都要通过宣传让大家了解认可，不断扩大汽车租赁业的知名度，使其像出租车一样走进千家万户。 在中国飞速前进的新时代里，汽车租赁业也一定能够占有一席之地，让我们共同来拓展这条道路。
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学术堂整理了一份汽车系毕业论文范文，供大家进行参考： 范文题目《浅谈混合动力汽车的检测与维修》 摘要：目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。 关键词：混合动力汽车，检测，维修 混合动力电动汽车的英文是“Hybrid Electric Vehicle”，简称“HEV”。根据国际机电委员会下属的电力机动车技术委员会的建议，混合动力电动汽车是指有两种或两种以上的储能器、能源或转换器作驱动能源，至少有一种能提供电能的车辆称为混合动力电动汽车。目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池混合的混合动力电动汽车，它被称为油电混合动力汽车。本论文所述的混合动力汽车也只局限于这类油电混合动力汽车。 所谓油电混合动力电动汽车(以下简称混合动力汽车)，是指采用传统的内燃机和电动机(电池) 做为动力源，通过使用热能和电力两套系统驱动汽车。混合动力汽车采用的内燃机既可是汽油机也可以是柴油机，而使用的电动系统包括高效强化的电动机、发电机和蓄电池。两套系统的联合使用使得内燃机、电动机都可在高效区经济内运行，输出功率相对稳定。燃油提供了车辆运行所需的大部分能量来源，而辅助动力单元即动力电池通过电机使车辆具有更好的动力性和经济性。 一、混合动力汽车的检测与维修概述 汽车维修工作主要分为保养、机械维修、电器及电控系统维修、钣金和喷漆这几个部分。对于混合动力汽车来说，它与传统的内燃机汽车的主要差别在于增加了一套电驱动系统，这套系统的增加使得原本就复杂的电控系统变得更加复杂，电器及电控系统的维修难度之大不言而喻。由于增加了一套电驱动系统并对原有内燃机汽车的结构作了相应的改造，这决定了混合动力汽车必将产生出新的特有的故障类型，原本适用于传统内燃机汽车的一些维修经验、诊断思路和检测方法在混合动力汽车上可能将不再适用，所以，作为一名维修人员如果墨守成规、依赖经验，不注重理论知识的学习和诊断思维的培养，将很快被淘汰。那么我们应该如何来面对接下来的挑战呢? 首先，随着汽车电控化程度的提高，特别是未来混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车以及燃料电池汽车的发展，汽车的主要故障将出现在电路方面，面对复杂、纷乱的汽车电路时，只有具备了过硬的理论知识后才有可能将它们理清楚、弄明白，才有可能进一步的形成正确的诊断思路，找到正确的维修方法。 其次，多观察、多比较。在掌握相关理论知识的基础上要回到实践当中来，多观察、多比较。仔细观察汽车的结构，认真的比较它与传统的内燃机汽车的异同点，将理论与实践紧密的连接起来。 再次，勤总结。混合动力汽车必然会出现不同于现有传统内燃机汽车的特有的故障类型，应该在维修实践中将其详细的记录下来并认真的分析和总结，日积月累便能形成一套适合于混合动力汽车的行之有效的维修方法。 二、混合动力汽车的检测与维修 我们知道不同的混合动力系统其结构和工作原理各不相同，这就使得不同的混合动力汽车其检测与维修的方法也会有很大的差异。本文以丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车为例简单的介绍一下与混合动力汽车的检测与维修相关的问题。 1、普锐斯混合动力汽车检测与维修注意事项 普锐斯采用的是高压电路，动力电池组的额定电压为6V，发电机和电动机发出(或使用)的电压为500V。在普锐斯的电路系统中，高压电路的线束和连接器都为橙色，而且蓄电池等高压零件都贴有“高压”的警示标志，注意!不要触碰这些配线。论文格式。在检修过程中一定要严格按照正确的操作步骤操作。在检修过程中(如安装或拆卸零部件、对车辆进行检查等)必须注意以下几点： (1)对高压系统进行操作时首先应将车辆电源开关关闭; (2)穿好绝缘手套(戴绝缘手套前一定要先检查手套，不能有破损，哪怕针眼大的也不行，不能有裂纹，不能有老化的迹象，也不能是湿的); (3)将辅助蓄电池的负极电缆断开(在此之前应先查看故障码，有必要的化将故障码保存或记录下来，因为与传统内燃机汽车一样，断开蓄电池负极电缆故障码将被清除); (4)拆下检修塞，并将检修塞放在衣袋里妥善保管，这样可以避免其他人员误将检修塞装回原处，造成意外; (5)拆下检修塞后不要操作电源开关，否则可能损坏混合动力ECU; (6)拆下检修塞后至少将车辆放置5分钟后再进行其他操作，因为至少需要5分钟的时间对变频器内的高压电容器进行放电; (7)在进行高压系统的作业时，应在醒目的地方摆放警告标志，以提醒他人注意安全; (8)不要随身携带任何金属物体或其他导电体，以免不小心掉落引起线路短路; (9)拆下任何高压配线后应立刻用绝缘交代将其包好，保证其完全绝缘; (10)一定要按规定扭矩将高压螺钉端子拧紧。扭矩过大或过小都有可能导致故障; (11)完成对高压系统的操作后，在重新安装检修赛前，应再次确认在工作平台周围没有遗留任何零件或工具，并确认高压端子已拧紧，连接器已插好。论文格式。 2、普锐斯的基本检修程序 (1)车辆进入车间。 (2)分析各户所述的故障。 (3)将智能诊断仪II连接到车辆的诊断插座上。 (4)读取故障码和定格数据，并将其记录下来。如果出现与CAN通信系统有关的故障码则应首先检查并修复CAN通信。 (5)清除故障码。 (6)故障症状确认。若故障未出现则进行故障症状模拟;若故障出现则查看故障码及相关数据流以获取相关信息。 (7)进行基本检查，查阅相关资料。 (8)根据故障现象、故障码、相关数据流并结合其他的检测手段进行故障诊断，找出故障原因。 (9)排除故障。 (10)确认故障排除。 3、普锐斯混合动力汽车混合动力控制系统的检测与维修 (1)对混合动力汽车控制系统进行操作前必须弄清楚混合动力汽车控制系统的组成和工作原理并结合电路图和相关的维修资料严格按规范的操作步骤进行。 (2)普锐斯混合动力系统的相关检查 ①检查变频器 查看故障码;清除故障码;戴上绝缘手套;关闭电源开关;拆下检修塞;拆下变频器盖，断开端子A和B。 将电源开关拨到IG位置，此时会产生互锁开关系统的故障码;在线束侧用电压表测电压，同时用欧姆表测电阻。 ②检查转换器(戴上绝缘手套操作) 若混合动力系统警告灯、主警告灯和充电警告灯同时点亮，则检查故障码并进行相应的故障排除。 ③检查速度传感器 用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，其值应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。 ④检查温度传感器 用欧姆表测量端子间的电阻，应符合标准值，否则更换变速驱动桥总成。 ⑤检查加速踏板位置信号 将电源开关拨到IG位置;用电压表测量混合动力车辆控制ECU连接器B中相应端子的电压，应符合标准值，否则更换加速踏板连杆总成。 4、普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统的检测与维修 普锐斯混合动力汽车电池系统主要由以下几部分组成：动力电池组、12V辅助电池、电池ECU、冷却系统、电流传感器、检修塞系统主继电器等组成。 动力电池组：普锐斯采用的是镍-氢动力电池组，它具有高功率密度和常使用寿命的特点。该电池组由28个电池模块串联而成，每个模块由6个1V或2V的单节电池串联而成。所以整个电池组共168个单节电池，可以得到6V的高电压。论文格式。 电池ECU：电池ECU的功能是用来检测电池组的充电状态(SOC)、温度、电压、电流以及是否漏电，并将这些信息发送到HV ECU(混合动力ECU)。电池ECU还负责控制冷却风扇的工作，确保电池组处于正常的温度范围内。 电池组冷却系统：电池组冷却系统由冷却风扇，一个进气温度传感器和3个位于电池内的温度传感器以及通风管路组成。3个温度传感器和一个进气温度传感器随时检测蓄电池及进气口的进气温度，若温度升高到一定值，电池ECU将启动冷却风扇，直到温度下降到规定值，从而使电池组的温度始终保持在正常的范围内。 检修塞：检修塞位于电池组第19模块和第20模块中间，在检查或维修前拆下检修塞便可以切断电池组中部的高压电路，可以保证维修期间的人员安全。 系统主继电器(SMR)：系统主继电器的作用是按照HV ECU的指令连接和断开到高压电路的动力。系统主继电器共由3个继电器组成，两个位于正极分别为SMR1、SMR2，一个位于负极SMR3。电路接通时，SMR1和SMR3工作，而后SMR2工作而SMR1关闭。 辅助蓄电池：普锐斯采用的是12V的免维护电池，它与传统的汽车用蓄电池类似，负极也是通过车身接地的。该电池对高压很敏感，对其充电时应将它从车上拆下，用丰田专用的充电机充电，普通充电器没有专用的电压控制功能，有可能毁坏电池。 参考文献 [1] 陈清泉，孙逢春 编译 混合电动车辆基础[M] 北京：北京理工大学出版社， [2] 张金柱 混合动力汽车结构、原理与维修[M] 北京：化学工业出版社， [3] 耿新 混合动力技术的原理和应用[J] 汽车维修与保养， [4] Jon M 用于混合动力/电动汽车的可靠锂离子电池监视系统[J] CompoTechChina，2008(10) [5] 陈宗璋，吴振军 电动汽车动力源类型[J] 大众英雄，2008，(3)
新能源汽车作为采用非常规燃料为动力来源的一种综合性汽车在能源和环保的压力下，新能源汽车无疑将成为未来汽车的发展方向
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Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memoryElizabeth F Loftus and John C PalmerUniversity of Washington, USAReceived 17 April Available online 14 September 2005
外文参考文献怎么提供给你啊，至少留个邮箱地址吧，如果需要回复邮箱地址即可，至于翻译得靠你自己了，希望能帮到你，多多给点悬赏分吧，急用的话请多选赏点分吧，这样更多的知友才会及时帮到你，我从文献资料中找也是很花时间的
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历史文化学习网的参考文献 _php?smenuid=542&subjectid=923 Automuseum D Carl Benz, Ladenburg/Germany -dr-carl-de/ Bertha Benz Memorial Route -de/ 通用汽车百年史沪港经济论文 _731759ad-4f36-4612-8783-html 汽车百年经营管理者论文 _8c21555c-711d-44b4-99bd-html 汽車史話：汽車發展史作者林平 編 出版社電子工業出版社 ISBN書號7121015358 出版時間2005-08-01记得采纳啊
How Manual Transmissions Work by Marshall Brain If you drive a stick-shift car, then you may have several questions floating in your How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound, what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article, we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline First, any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without Second, if you have read How Horsepower Works, then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their For example, an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5,500 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz Actros, manual See more transmission Ideally, the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single, best-performance rpm That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT) A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear In the past, CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost, size and reliability, so you didn't see them in production These days, improvements in design have made CVTs more The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT The transmission is connected to the engine through the The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine
我是新能源汽车电子零部件研发的，给分就发你
Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of individuality and Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002
There will always be that when you own something when you do not think it would be valuable, but also do not see the value of it, but when you lose it when it come to repentance, but that at the moment when the lateness of the hour, too late for regrets I now have such a similar A week-long automotive engine disassembly internship is over, memories of this time, he reluctantly are Wanted to be back in a week ago, then put in every day practice as seven hours to 27 hours This is true, this internship opportunities for me are too precious a In this internship, I learned about auto engines knowledge, are ever at a lesson on what can not be And I once again felt the profound theoretical and practical combination of the Teacher because of the arrangement to the engine of our components are Santana 2000 First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that: Santana in Germany Volkswagen L 1982 The company entered Shanghai in 1983, to cooperate with the development of our country has been the development of three generations - four generations of production lines, and in 95 years will be Santana 2000 Electronic Fuel injection system into the The main parameters of motor vehicles including technical parameters, the basic parameters, engine and chassis parameters Structure for the JV type engine, the combustion chamber for the ball flat, so that the function of strong squeezing gas area, to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution Valve for overhead camshaft type, camshaft push rod Advantages of simple structure, the inertia of small parts, the system stiffness, and improve the effective engine Valve for the hydraulic rod to mention, the automatic