内容摘要信贷客户是商业银行赖以生存的基础，是银行利润的主要来源。因此，商业银行需要加强信贷准入客体风险的管理，甄别客户，择优扶持，选择与自己能力相匹配的客户，相辅相成，共同壮大，最终实现客户、银行的双赢和可持续发展。如何防范风险是做好信贷工作非常重要的因素之一，为提高我国商业银行对信贷风险的管控能力,银监会提出《固定资产贷款管理暂行办法》、《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》、《个人贷款管理暂行办法》和《项目融资业务指引》,即“三个办法一个指引”。在此形势下,银行信贷工作也需及时转变观念,寻求发展。本文首先分析“三个办法一个指引”的核心思想,然后系统论述银行信贷改革与发展的必要性,并规划系统的建设举措；再针对我国商业银行的信贷风险问题，分析风险的主要成因，并提出降低商业银行信贷风险的对策；通过以上两方面来思考如何做好信贷业务。 写作提纲一、商业银行信贷工作改革与发展的必要性 (一)传统银行信贷业务的审批流程存在风险惯性 (二)银行信贷资金被挪用挤占优质信贷业务 (三)信贷风险控制需要相关行业联动 二、商业银行信贷风险的主要成因 （一）来自外部环境的原因1、立法监管不足。2、信用文化淡薄。3、宏观经济环境影响。 （二）来自银行自身的原因1、商业银行信贷管理机制不健全。2、选择贷款方式不当。3、信贷分析的局限性。4、缺失正确的信贷文化。
学术堂整理了十五个好写的商业银行毕业论文题目，供大家进行参考： 我国商业银行存款结构变化及营销策略分析； 商业银行个人消费贷款风险防范分析； 我国商业银行个人住房贷款的风险管理； 商业银行高层管理者激励机制中的动态模型； 商业银行信用卡业务风险管理研究； 商业银行结构调整与资本外逃问题研究； 我国银行保险营销策略的问题和对策； 投资银行的本质及历史演进过程分析； 金融危机的国际比较研究新进展； 金融发展理论的新进展； 不确定经济学研究的新方法； 货币乘数分析的理论误区及影响； 利率市场化及其风险管理机制研究； 我国商业银行资本结构调整与管理路径分析； 我国个人信用制度建设的问题与对策；
国有商业银行的现代化发展战略 中国加入WTO之后，中国的银行业在五年之后将要全面开放。国有商业银行必须尽快制定21世纪的现代发展战略，善于抓住机遇，勇于迎接挑战，奋力加快发展，努力把国有商业银行建成现代化的商业银行。笔者认为，21世纪国有商业银行的现代化战略应包括下述"十化"的内容。 一、产权股份化 21世纪中国的市场经济体制会逐渐完善，国有商业银行必须按照国际惯例进行改革，转变为真正的商业银行。真正的商业银行不是执行政府经济政策的工具，而是在合法经营基础上追求利润的金融企业；然而目前的国有商业银行承担着繁重的政策性任务。真正商业银行是责任有限的股份公司，而不是特殊类型的政府独资企业；独资企业不可能真正做到政企职能分开。中国加入WTO之后，国有商业银行必须转变为真正的商业银行，其根本出路在于实行股份化改造。鉴于中国市场经济体制发育尚不健全，为了保持国家对宏观经济的调控力度，国有商业银行的股份化履行必须采取国家资本控制的形式。国家资本可以采取二种不同的控股形式：l、绝对控股，国有股占整个商业银行股本的50％以上。2、相对控股，国有股在整个商业银行总股本中虽然不足50％，由于股权分散，国有股仍然处于控股地位。股份化改造之后的商业银行必须健全法人治理结构，明确董事会、监事会、行长（总经理）之间相互制衡的职责。董事会的职责是制定银行的目标和政策，挑选和聘任高级管理人员，设立各种委员会或附属机构，监督银行业务经营活动等。监事会的职责是代表股东大会对银行全部经营管理活动进行监督和检查。行长（总经理）的职责是执行董事会的决定，负责组织、实施、管理、协调银行的业务经营活动。 二、员工知识化 21世纪是知识经济时代，商业银行的员工必须是知识化的员工。当前的国有商业银行的员工队伍的素质与商业银行的要求存在着很大的差距，必须牢固树立"人才是第一资本"的观念，将整体性人才资源开发作为一项重要战略任务来抓，真正形成"尊重知识、尊重人才"的良好风尚，创造人尽其才、人才辈出的良好环境。建立和完善竞争择优、发现人才。培养人才、使用人才和激励人才的机制，真正做到不拘一格选人才，继续实施"百千万人才工程"，努力培养和造就一大批既懂国内业务、又懂国际业务，具有丰富知识、决策能力、指挥能力、协调能力、管理能力和创新能力的中级、高级管理人才。 必须切实抓好员工教育包括素质教育、技能教育和终生教育，改进教育方式，坚持多层次和多样性的原则，脱产与不脱产相结合，定向与定量相结合，短期与长期相结合，注重实效。鼓励员工尤其是中高级管理人员获得多个专业证书和专业技术职务任职资格。鼓励员工在实践中提高技能、创造经验。 三、市场营销特色化 21世纪商业银行的市场营销是特色营销，商业银行必须根据其内部条件和外部因素慎重选择市场营销战略。根据中国经济改革与发展的进程和国有商业银行的现状，国有商业银行应在市场细分的基础上实施特色化营销战略。第一、发展模式特色化，选择与其它商业银行不同的发展模式。在海外实施进攻性战略，通过市场渗透、市场开发、产品开发、服务多样化、增设分支机构、拓展营销网络、收购或兼并当地机构等措施，提高国有商业银行的国际竞争力。在国内实施合理化战略，通过调整分支机构、营业机构布局，按经济区划设置分行，收缩甚至撤销业务量小、经营亏损、无发展前景的分支机构；扩充业务量大、经营效益好、有发展前景的分支机构；压缩管理费用，以成本优势来保持国有商业银行在市场上的地位与形象。第二、发展重点特色化，市场竞争目标由总体市场占有率转变为细分市场的市场占有率。第三、市场营销组合差异化，尽量提供有差别的 四、管理信息化 21世纪是信息经济时代，商业银行必须高效地处理和利用信息。（1）建立和健全科学高效的管理信息系统，包括柜台业务处理与自动服务系统、跨行业务与清算系统、金融信息与决策支持系统，保证各项决策和业务活动建立在充分的信息支持基础上。（2）以加快信息高速处理为重点，对内部组织机构进行重组，减少管理层次，实行网络化管理，使组织机构更加精简和专业化，调动更加灵活；有效地解决银行内部信息交换瓶颈，提供信息处理效率。（3）加强信息技术应用方面的业务创新，加大在产品服务及应用方面创新的力度，并对传统产品的形式、内容赋予更加丰富的表现形式，拓展其表现空间。（4）提高信息服务水平，及时向客户发布有关政策、利率、汇率的变化、新服务等信息。（5）领导方法科学化，注重银行利益与员工利益的相互平衡关系，改善员工的政治、经济待遇；加强内部沟通，经常向员工征求合理化建设。 五、经营国际化 21世纪的商业银行是国际化的银行，中国的国有商业银行必须勇敢地迈向国际金融市场。目前国有商业银行（中国银行除外）的国际业务刚刚起步，应当根据自身的条件，选择适当的方式和策略在适当的地区设立海外机构进行跨国经营。利用人民币业务优势，发挥本外币业务联动效应，积极吸引外资银行在国有商业银行开设同业往来账户，有选择地与外资银行开展银团贷款或联合贷款，力求成为代理行。在地区战略上，做到四个倾斜：（l）向国际金融中心如纽约、伦敦、巴黎、东京、香港等城市倾斜；（2）向业务往来量大的国家和地区倾斜；（3）向周边贸易国家、世界贸易中心倾斜；（4）向华侨聚居的地区倾斜。亚太地区、欧共体、北美地区、拉美的巴拿马、开曼群岛以及中东的巴林等地可以作为国有商业银行业务国际化经营的重点区域；而尚处于经济调整阶段的独联体和东欧市场中的大多数国家，虽然对外汇管制较少，但是风险较大，进入这些地区应持谨慎态度。 六、内控法制化 21世纪的商业银行是法治化的商业银行，商业银行必须按照《有效银行监管的核心原则》健全内控机制。内控主要包括四个方面的内容：（l）组织结构（职责的界定，贷款审批权限的分离和决策程序）；（2）会计规则（对账，控制单，定期试算等）；（3）"双人原则"（不同职责的分类，交叉核对，资产双重控制和双人签字等）；（4）对资产和投资的实物控制。这些原则概括地描述了商业银行内部控制的要点，其具体内容如下：（一）建立组织制度和各种规章制度。（二）监控环节。（三）职责分离原则。（四）授权有限原则。（五）银行档案。（六）安全保卫措施。（七）会计销账。 国有商业银行强化内部控制制度的主要措施是：第一、坚持稳健的经营方针，健全组织结构。第二、实行合理的职责分离。第三、实行严格的授权与审批制度。第四、健全独立的规范的会计核算体制。第五、完善资产负债管理和风险管理，实行利率敏感性管理。第六、建立内部风险评估和监测制度。第七、健全有效的内部稽核制度。 七、业绩评价效益化 21世纪的商业银行应是经营效益良好的商业银行。经营效益好坏、风险高低是衡量商业银行经营业绩的最重要的标准。外部对商业银行的评价最重要的指标有两项：资本充足率和资本收益率。改革国有商业银行内部业绩评价体系，弱化对增加存款的刚性考核，建立以营运资本收益率为核心的业绩评价体系，着重考核四大目标：营运资本收益率、资产质量（不良贷款率）、流动性和内控制度。考核营运资本收益率不仅要考核账面利润，而且要核查应收利息、应付利息、呆账准备金和坏账准备金的提取与核算是否合规。考核资产质量不仅要考核不良贷款率，而且要着重考核呆滞贷款。
加入WTO对我国商业银行的影响及民生银行的应对策略 中文摘要: 银行作为推动国民经济发展的核心，在任何国家均受到广泛的重视。由于中国银行业还没有真正实现市场化和国际化，在加入WTO后，尤其是21世纪的金融业，除了传统的同业竞争、国内竞争、服务质量竞争中国民生银行发展战略研究 中文摘要: 20世纪90年代，在发展社会主义市场经济、深化金融体制改革的时代背景下，我国陆续出现了一些股份制商业银行。它们之间的规模、实力和发展态势都比较接近，在坚持服务市场经济发展、探索金融体制改民生银行客户关系维护研究 中文摘要: 20世纪90年代中期以后，我国商业银行的竞争日趋激烈，逐步开始确立了“以客户为中心，以市场为向导，以经营效益为目标”的市场经营理念。优质客户的竞争成为商业银行竞争的焦点之一。哪家银行拥有民生银行发行可转债的融资决策分析 中文摘要: 可转换公司债券作为一种外源性融资方式，具有股权、债权、期权的特性，因此在企业筹资过程中出现的频率很高。在很多情况下，企业发行的可转换公司债券可以成功转股，因此，发行可转债可以看作是递延的中国民生银行广州分行个人理财产品创新与营销 中文摘要: 以中国民生银行广州分行为例,通过对我国国内银行业的营销现状及发展方向的分析,针对现在中国国内银行业的零售业发展并未完善、产品构成要素单一、定价方式不合理、产品趋同的现状,并结合中国民生银民生银行经营发展策略研究 中文摘要: 本文研究的是民生银行经营发展策略问题。而要研究这个问题,就必须对民生银行所处的策略环境(总体环境、行业环境和竞争环境三方面)和优势、劣势进行系统分析,在此基础上,剖析目前民生银行实施的策中国民生银行客户服务中心客户关系管理方案研究 中文摘要: 客户关系管理(CRM),是企业为提高核心竞争力,达到竞争致胜、快速成长的目的,树立以客户为中心的发展战略,并在此基础上开展的包括判断、选择、争取、发展和保持客户所需实施的全部商业过程;是商业银行信用风险管理研究 中文摘要: 信用风险是商业银行最基本的风险，也是目前我国商业银行面临的最大风险。随着我国对外开放的深入以及加入WTO以后金融全面开放日期的临近，我国商业银行面临着前所未有的竞争压力和不断增长的金融风民生银行财务分析 中文摘要: 银行财务报表是银行经营状况具体反映,本文对民生银行的三大财务报表进行了分析。通过分析资产负债表研究了该银行实际拥有的资产总量、构成情况、资金的来源渠道及具体结构,从总体上揭示了该银行的资中国民生银行营销创新与实践 中文摘要: 营销是企业通过市场识别、创造并首先满足目标顾客需求并系统地、连续地、有效地使顾客和企业增值、社会和员工满意的经营活动。现代营销是一个通过为顾客创造价值、为员工创造机会、为社会创造效益而实
商业银行电子支付系统的推广与应用，现在互联网的概念比较新颖，商业银行打破原有的柜员制，加入到和支付宝、财付通之类的竞争中来的可能或者盈利增长点。都可以分析。
银行的学年论文好的， 给助的，
关于银行的学年论？／话累
Intermediate business of commercial banks and the development of intermediate business of commercial banks in China with a comprehensive international comparison The middle of a commercial banking business development activities because of 1 an inevitable choice for commercial banks Intermediate business of commercial banks and the rapid development of the emergence of the underlying reasons are not only driven, but also the result of external First of all, the international community to enter the countries have relaxed controls, the liberalization of banking and international trends, including greatly to the middle of the business, including the pace of financial innovation; Second, market competition has also promoted the development of intermediary business, traditional business of commercial banks not only faced competition in the same industry, and along with the development of capital market countries, greatly increased the proportion of direct financing, the traditional commercial banks assets, liabilities, business increasingly showing a "sunset industry" the decline, therefore, commercial banks were forced to carry out new business innovation to create a new source of profits; again, the middle of business innovation is the result of market demand, due to frequent fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates, enterprises and commercial banks in which the uncertainty of economic environment, increasing the risk of which the effective management tools, in particular, a number of financial derivatives had a demand for the development of the banking intermediary business that is risk management in order to satisfy customers, as well as other diversified financial services; Finally, the banks have their own advantages, as well as 20 practical information technology since the 80's the development and extensive use of commercial banks for the development of intermediary business February 1987 at Northwestern University in the United States held a deposit-taking institutions on asset securitization and the risk of development of intermediary business seminar, a scholar on the development of commercial banks in the middle of a large number of business reasons for concluding, that is, commercial banks the development of intermediary business and technology, control, interest rate risk, customer competition, factors such as capital adequacy ratio are closely 2 The significance of the development of intermediary business (A) can be extended into a commercial bank intermediary function, to expand their business (B) commercial banks can spread business risks, and enhance the bank's ability to resist (C) can play a variety of business, "bundling" effect to enhance the competitiveness of the Intermediate business of commercial banks between other business interaction and mutual influence, and the development of intermediary business for the banks not only bring direct profits, but also with other business, the second interaction of the market to enhance the competitiveness of Second, commercial banks in the development of intermediary business 1 The broader business scope, a wide Western countries of the middle-run commercial banks and a wide variety of products to meet the diverse needs of customers, the commercial banks for the new business The scope of business covered by the middle of the traditional banking, trust services, investment banking, mutual funds and insurance They can engage in money market operations, but also can engage in discounting commercial paper and capital markets Gradually expand the business scale of 2, rising income From 1993 to 1996 among the US banking business grew from 912 billion US dollars to 188 trillion US dollars, accounting for bank assets from 78% to 9%, of which the seven largest banks in the middle of the business lending per cent more than doubled and Living in the forefront of the US banking industry, Citigroup, the Americas, such as the middle of the five major banking groups involved in the operational activities of the total assets of more than 2 trillion US dollars has the same period, assets and liabilities that banks under the total assets of 780 billion US dollars for the capital sum for the 45 billion US dollars; intermediary business 3 years the average growth rate to 2%, much higher than the 9 percent average annual total assets and total capital at an average annual growth rate of 6 ① 3 Middle-income structure of the business Western commercial banks from 1980 to 1990 of 10 years, the total income of non-spread revenue rapid upward trend in The middle of foreign banks operating income generally accounts for 40% of total revenue -50% Acceptance in the United States, Citibank, credit investigation, credit rating companies, assets evaluation business, personal financial advisor business, long-term foreign exchange trading, foreign exchange futures, foreign exchange options, and other intermediary business represented 80 percent brought their profits deposit and lending business profits accounted for only 20% of the total ② 4 Service means of advanced and high Improvement in the level of science and technology for the development of intermediate business of commercial banks to provide a strong foundation for technical support and innovation, especially in recent years can be at any time and any place in any way to provide customers with personalized service network of banks, the emergence of Internet banking promoted the development of intermediary With the international advanced banking payment system on its strong business in the middle was a huge amount of service fee Third, commercial banks Analysis of intermediate products 1 Clearing-type intermediate products Clearing products are usually divided into promissory notes, bills of exchange, the three types of Settlement of funds between the time of the settlement act, for the customers, the main demand is to use the banking clearing system, security and timely transfer of Settlement is therefore a means of clearing operations to ensure the successful completion of an important On the characteristics of the clearing business, its risk may come from three aspects: customer risk factors, risk factors of post and telecommunications sector and banking risk For the banks, the first two banks of external risks, which is the bank's internal ③ 2 security type of intermediate products With the development of international trade, the Western commercial banks faster development of the security business, including standby letters of credit, guarantee the payment, performance bond, bid security, supervision, such as payment by the common Chinese and foreign commercial banks, the security business is production of the intermediate business with commercial banks to carry out security operations is the use of banks to provide credit support, that one has to bear because of the risks associated with credit Intermediate goods 3 Management Mainly divided into the banking business, safe operations, Personal Financial S Since the last century is the era, as the world's financial system, industry structure, organizational structure, operational modalities and competition is undergoing a profound The changes in the traditional banking, securities, insurance, trust business increasingly blurred boundaries between the business, while seeking to promote and strengthen the commercial banking and financial activities of globalization and virtual organizations, the banks of the insurance industry to flourish here With the development of the world economy, personal financial services showing a huge space for And personal financial services customers of commercial banks is the core personal financial services in the commercial banks to the "financial services supermarket" the process of development, personal financial services of commercial banks at home and abroad has become the focal point of retail business 4 Advisory type of intermediate products Intermediary business consulting category refers to the transfer, sale information and provide intelligence services to the main contents of the intermediary Commercial banks on their own information, talent, credibility and other areas, the collection and presentation of information and information of these customers, as well as banks and financial analysis of campaign records to form a system of information and programs made available to customers, one to meet their management or business development Include: credit, corporate credit rating, assets evaluation business and financial information; business and personal financial advisor business; business consultant business investment and financing, including financing and the international syndicated loan 5 bank cards, online banking intermediate products Bank credit card is the issue of commercial banks to the community with consumer credit, debit settlement, access to cash in whole or in part, such as a credit payment Its fast development, many countries have become an important business, many banks and the major source of profit for Internet banking is a banking service to provide customers with new tools, which the existing banking business, based on the use of Internet technology to provide customers with comprehensive, consent, security, real-time financial Internet banking is not only a banking innovation is the organizational structure of a bank穿心At the same time, the emergence of Internet banking so that the expansion of commercial banks to find new channels for the middle of the Fourth, the middle of the latest developments in the direction of business Securitization of credit assets 1 Securitization of credit assets refers to a group of poor liquidity through a portfolio of assets, so that this group of assets to generate stable and predictable cash flow proceeds through the intermediary of certain credit enhancement, the proceeds of these assets the right to change as flows in the financial markets, higher credit rating of bond-type In essence, will be financing the securitization of future cash proceeds of the assets and the corresponding right to transfer the risk to investors, and the transfer of ownership of the assets may not be ④ 2 fund business A long time, China's commercial banks to develop intermediary business not as a main industry and the new profit growth point to run, but also our country's strict separation of management and other factors, so that the development of the banking sector has been greater A direct consequence of these restrictions is that domestic commercial banks and weak financial Have been carried out in the middle of the retail business of the development of varieties, not to profit maximization as the goal, but as absorbing as a means of customer deposits, which resulted in business receipts in the middle of the contribution rate for banks with low profit Commercial banks in China's current total income, the proportion of all interest income more than 90% This revenue structure is to enable the assets of China's commercial banks profitability in the last century since the 90's has been in a continuous downward trend in one of the main Studies have shown that commercial banks in the US the average asset profit rate of China's four state-owned commercial banks average of 86 This shows that the middle of my business cards, many types of projects though, but their purpose and profit with the situation in Western developed countries, significant differences between the modern commercial banking business and a lot of content has yet to enter our field of ⑥ 8, China's commercial banks lag in the middle of the reasons for business development 1 on the traditional state-owned commercial businesses, as well as the long-term monopoly control of the central bank's interest rates led directly to commercial banks to create a modern From abroad, the development of banking business, the increasingly intensified competition in the market forces and customers is to continuously strengthen the bank to speed up the expansion of the main reasons for non-margin China's banking industry from the historical path of development, the historical factors strangle a certain extent, the domestic commercial banks to expand their business and the autonomy of "Unification" of thinking, as well as the banking system more rigid domestic commercial banks used to make the government's command, the lack of response to the economic situation to customers and the market as guide, based on the formulation and implementation of their own advantages for their own development strategies of motivation and 2 the development of intermediate business of commercial banks led to a substantial risk of financial regulation will make the existing system is facing tremendous The financial sector at the policy orientation of business limits the room for the development of intermediary Most of the middle of the business belonging to banks and non-bank financial institutions operating in the field of cross-cutting, so inrong the state's macroeconomic management policies of banks, non-bank financial institutions, the limited scope of business directly determines the intermediate business of commercial banks to open up I started in 1993 from a banking, securities, insurance, trust the strict separation of management, the banks can not create a cross-sectoral, comprehensive, multi-faceted business intermediate products, it is difficult to raise the level of business and level of intensive 3 Bank charges among the business and the lack of In the absence of corresponding fees and charges based mechanism, the intermediary business difficult and hard to charge fees, particularly the phenomenon of Charges not specifically reflected in the financial institutions among the business no express provision Difficult to charge in fees and charges due to lack of enforcement mechanism, financial institutions are afraid of arbitrary collection of charges the 4 China's banking industry has developed the "marketing model" and the "marketing habit" has severely constrained the development of intermediary From foreign banks to expand business model point of view, primarily by the consumer to facilitate this, fast, safe and customer service benefits, are a typical "product " As for the domestic banking industry, the product quality and price are often relegated to a secondary position, "relationship marketing" has become the domestic banking industry to explore the middle of the main mode of At present, commercial banks remain the main customer base to large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises and property rights Fuzzy principal - agent problem makes enterprise managers pay more attention to the pursuit of personal interests, at this time the relationship between banks and their customers has become a successful product whether or not the ⑦ Main References: ① Bank for International Settlements: "International Financial Market Development Report", published in 1999 ② Ho five-star: "Financial Innovation in Development", Southwest University of Finance and Economics Press, 2000 ③ Yang Ming-sheng: "Commercial Bank's Intermediary Business Products practical " Beijing, China Financial Publishing House, 2002 ④ Peter • Rose book, Liu Garden translation: "Commercial Bank Management", Beijing, Mechanical Industry Press, 2001 ⑤ after lam-chun: "commercial banks intermediate innovative business risk prevention and control", containing "China's financial fortnightly" 2003 Zhang Guohai ⑥: "Commercial Bank's Intermediary Business Development Strategy in the International Comparison", in "Financial Research", 2003 ⑦姚德良: "I have been the middle of the commercial business development implied by the low level of research", in "Finance and Trade Economy", 2004
（一）信贷风险管理实施《新巴塞尔协议》是一项旨在提高信贷风险管理水平的系统性工程，需要采用如下信贷风险管理体系框架，包含以下五个因素：风险策略、分析工具、组织架构、管理流程和信息系统。风险策略。银行的风险策略是根据利益相关者（股东、债权人、客户、员工）的价值取向、银监会和巴塞尔协议的管理要求制定的。风险策略直接关系到银行的风险偏好、要求的风险回报水平等，因此风险策略的确定直接关系到银行会采取怎样的组织构架、管理流程与风险工具。分析工具。根据风险管理策略，结合银监会和《新巴塞尔协议》的具体规定，银行选择所要采用的分析工具（如信贷风险内部评级模型），设计信贷风险管理流程和组织架构。管理流程。分析工具可以在监控点对管理流程提供定量指导，而执行管理流程的人员也可根据其经验对分析工具给出的结果进行一定调整，以充分发挥两者的优势。分析工具和管理流程之间存在互动作用，即在使用过程中不断优化模型的准确性，而模型准确性的提高又可以提高信贷管理流程的效率。信息系统。根据分析工具所采用的模型和数据需要有先进的信息技术予以支持，如评级规则引擎和数据集市等。否则，先进的分析工具只能停留于书面，很难付诸实践，同时管理流程也需要在系统中进行固化，可以提高流程效率与质量，降低流程成本，同时系统本身也可以在流程中起到一定的控制作用。组织架构。无论多么先进的分析工具、管理流程与信息系统，都必须运作于合理的组织架构（包括公司治理结构、内部控制、绩效考核等）之上。因此，组织架构的设计与实施也是建设全面信贷风险管理体系必不可少的组成部分之一。（二）操作风险管理操作风险是指由不完善或有问题的内部程序、人员及系统或外部事件所造成损失的风险。对于银行来说，操作风险是一种比较难以控制的风险。目前全世界的银行业也没有一种较好的方法来控制和计量它。《新巴塞尔协议》要求2007年所有的银行都要开始按照协议规定的三种方法的一种来计算经济资本，进而控制操作风险。但据调查，到2006年底，全世界能够满足《新巴塞尔协议》要求的只有大约38%的银行。另外60%多的银行都不可能在2007年以前开始对操作风险实行管理，它们的预期实施时间是2010年到2012年。因此对《新巴塞尔协议》在全球的顺利实施并不是短时间内就可以实现的。操作风险难以控制的原因在于它跟人的关系密不可分，相互关联，而人的道德风险、行为特征又相当难以控制，这一点国内和国外都是一样。目前部分银行计量操作风险经济资本的方法主要采用加权平均法，即将银行前三年的收入加总平均，再乘一个系数。当然，《新巴塞尔协议》介绍了三种方法，分别为：基本指标法、标准法和高级计量法。加权平均法属于基本指标法类。
都是比较好写的，如下：一、国际金融问题1、国际资本流动与金融危机2、金融危机传染与发展中国家的防御3、新兴市场经济国家金融危机的成因与风险防范4、我国金融危机的可能性及危机管理5、货币危机预警机制6、亚洲（欧洲）区域金融合作7、国际金融市场的利率传导机制8、国际金融并购及影响9、金融全球化对中国金融发展的影响10、国际金融的协调与合作二、宏观金融调控问题1、我国货币政策最终目标的调整2、我国货币政策最终目标与财政政策目标的协调3、我国货币政策中间目标的选取4、利率应成为我国货币政策的中间目标5、货币供应作为货币政策中间目标的终结6、我国应继续将货币供应量作为中间目标7、再贴现政策的作用与宏观金融调控8、进一步拓展我国公开市场业务的对策9、我国存款准备金政策的改革10、衡量货币政策松紧程度的指标的选择三、货币政策比较问题1、转轨时期中国货币政策的特点2、转轨时期中国货币政策目标的确定3、转轨时期中国货币政策工具的选择4、中国与美国（或其他国家）货币政策的区别5、通货膨胀机制与通货紧缩的机制6、通货紧缩的根源：有效需求不足7、增加有效需求的途径初探8、货币政策的有效性、效果、效率分析9、银行流动性过剩及风险控制10、开放经济下的我国货币政策工具分析四、我国的利率政策问题研究1、利率结构与经济发展问题研究2、利率结构的调整与经济结构的调整3、储蓄和投资的利率弹性研究4、试论储蓄存款的利率弹性5、央行利率政策调整对银行业的影响与对策6、我国利率传导机制的优化7、提高商业银行在利率传导中的效果8、现阶段我国利率政策的有效性9、我国利率政策的经济运行效果分析10、论通货膨胀压力下的利率政策选择五、利率市场化问题研究1、利率市场化势在必行2、社会主义市场的发展与利率市场化3、金融体制改革与利率市场化4、我国实现利率市场化的前提5、我国利率市场化的步骤6、我国利率市场化应坚持的几个基本原则7、商业银行应如何应对利率市场化8、利率市场化对国有商业银行（或中小商业银行）的影响9、利率市场化后企业投融资策略的调整10、我国利率市场化后衍生金融工具的推出六、政策性银行问题研究1、我国设置政策性银行的理论依据2、我国政策性银行资金来源问题的解决3、政策性银行如何配合我国产业政策的实施4、我国政策性银行外部关系的协调5、对我国政策性银行有效监管的实施6、构建政策性银行风险管理体系的思考7、我国政策性银行改革路径的比较分析8、农业政策性银行与商业性贷款问题9、政策性银行外部约束机制10、政策性银行与我国产业政策的配合七、货币市场问题1、论我国票据市场的现状及完善措施2、货币市场机制分析3、论我国同业拆借市场的利率形成机制4、论票据市场的功能和作用5、证券回购市场的交易分析6、国库券市场的投资分析7、货币市场共同基金的运作及其特征8、商业票据市场和银行承兑票据市场的关系分析9、论大额存单市场10、大额可转让定期价值分析八、资本市场问题1、试论投资银行在资本市场中的功能2、投资银行组织模式比较与选择3、证券经纪业务与证券经纪人制度4、企业并购的风险及防范5、国内外企业投资风险管理案例分析6、试论二级市场的基本功能7、二板市场的特点、功能及对证券市场的影响8、公司在二板市场上市的标准、组织实现及主承销商保荐制度9、开放式基金融资研究10、金融资产管理公司退出模式研究九、银行不良资产研究1、转化或清收商业银行不良资产的方法2、我国商业银行不良资产现状及成因分析3、资产证券化在处理我国商业银行不良资产时的可行性4、资产管理公司参与债转股的必要性和设想5、论债转股的理论和政策问题6、资产管理公司转型问题7、债转股的风险与时机分析8、建立资产管理公司处理商业银行不良资产的利弊9、债转股在不良资产处理中的效果分析10、如何杜绝不良资产的再生十、金融风险与金融监管1、金融监管与货币政策2、西方国家金融监管的新趋势及对我国的启示3、我国金融监管体系存在的问题及完善对策4、我国金融风险的防范与化解5、加强商业银行的风险内控机制6、中国系统性金融风险生成机理7、我国的网络金融风险及防范8、金融全球化进程中的金融风险和金融安全9、金融监管对货币政策效应的影响10、金融监管模式选择十一、分业经营与全能经营1、分业经营体制下的银证、银保合作2、国际金融界混业经营的潮流3、金融控股公司的监管研究4、混业经营的风险分析5、分业经营还是混业经营--中国金融业的选择6、分业经营与金融控股公司7、中国金融业分业经营安全性分析8、我国分业经营体制下银证合作分析9、我国金融混业经营监管制度的完善10、金融业混业经营的风险与监管对策
银行的学年论文好的， 给助的，
商业银行电子支付系统的推广与应用，现在互联网的概念比较新颖，商业银行打破原有的柜员制，加入到和支付宝、财付通之类的竞争中来的可能或者盈利增长点。都可以分析。