关于葡萄酒的外文文献有哪些

1、一般说来，在古代中国,葡萄酒并不是主要的酒类品种,但在一些地区，如在现在的新疆所在地，葡萄酒则基本上是主要的酒类品种。有关资料可参考"葡萄和葡萄酒传入我国的考证"（见张玉忠论文，《水的外形，火的性格--中国酒文化研究文集》，广东人民出版社，1987年）。在一些历史时期，如元朝，葡萄酒也曾大力普及过。历代文献中对葡萄酒的记载仍是较为丰富的。2、 东汉时，葡萄酒仍非常珍贵，据《太平御览》卷972引《续汉书》云：扶风孟佗以葡萄酒一斗遗张让，即以为凉州剌史。足以证明当时葡萄酒的稀罕。 3、汉代虽然曾引入了葡萄及葡萄酒生产技术，但却未使之传播开来。汉代之后，中原地区大概就不再种植葡萄。一些边远地区时常以贡酒的方式向后来的历代皇室进贡葡萄酒。唐代时，中原地区对葡萄酒已是一无所知了。

红酒在公元前1000年到前500年之间在法国南部出现，而后开始在地中海盆地的大部分地区进行繁衍传播。早期，红酒一直被视认是一种只有贵族才能享用的高尚饮品，也是一种用来敬拜酒神巴克斯（Bacchus）的祭神用品。红酒在全世界的基督教徒的心中还代表了耶稣基督的血液，这点促进了红酒的平民化，使得平常民众也拥有了饮用甘美的红酒的权利。扩展资料红酒注意事项：并不是年份越老就越好。红酒上面的年份是指用当年的葡萄所酿造的。大部分（99%）的葡萄酒不具有陈年能力，最佳饮用期视不同的酒而不同，一般在2--10年之间。只有少部分特别好的葡萄酒才具有陈年能力。储存葡萄酒的温度最好要保持恒定，需要尽量避免短期的温度波动。通常贮存葡萄酒的最佳温度为摄氏10°C，一般来说，摄氏7至18°C的温度也不会有损害。要尽量避免酒窖内的温度波动：温度不稳定会给葡萄酒的品质带来一定的影响。要尽量避免在摄氏20°C以上长期存放葡萄酒，也不能低于0°C。

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made of fermented grape [1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other [2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine being [3]Although other fruits such as apples and berries can also be fermented, the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or elderberry wine) and are generically known as fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin du pays) Others, such as barley wine and rice wine ( sake), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer and spirit more than wine, while ginger wine is fortified with In these cases, the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content, rather than production [4] The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many [5]Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and I[6][7] Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece, and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and R Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist and KThe word "wine" derives from the Proto-Germanic "*winam," an early borrowing from the Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape) vine," itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- ( Hittite: wiyana ,Lycian: Oino, Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos, Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos)[8][9] Similar words for wine or grapes are found in the Semitic languages ( Arabic ﻭﻳﻦ wayn) and in Georgian (ğvino); some consider the term to be a wanderwort, or "wandering word"[10]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Grape varieties 3 Classification 1 Europe classification 2 Outside of Europe 4 Vintages 5 Tasting 6 Collecting 7 Production 1 Exporting countries 8 Uses 1 Religious uses 9 Health effects 10 Packaging 11 Storage 12 Film and television 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links pls contact me for the url,which is banned on

查到两篇,如果需要发邮件到我邮箱,,我把全文发给你[1] Kitagawa, S, et , Effect of soy peptide on brewing Journal of Bioscience and BioEngineering, 105(4): 360-[2] Wolf-Hall, C, Mold and mycotoxin problems encountered during malting and International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119(1-2): 89-

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