关于葡萄酒的外文文献资料

1、一般说来，在古代中国,葡萄酒并不是主要的酒类品种,但在一些地区，如在现在的新疆所在地，葡萄酒则基本上是主要的酒类品种。有关资料可参考"葡萄和葡萄酒传入我国的考证"（见张玉忠论文，《水的外形，火的性格--中国酒文化研究文集》，广东人民出版社，1987年）。在一些历史时期，如元朝，葡萄酒也曾大力普及过。历代文献中对葡萄酒的记载仍是较为丰富的。2、 东汉时，葡萄酒仍非常珍贵，据《太平御览》卷972引《续汉书》云：扶风孟佗以葡萄酒一斗遗张让，即以为凉州剌史。足以证明当时葡萄酒的稀罕。 3、汉代虽然曾引入了葡萄及葡萄酒生产技术，但却未使之传播开来。汉代之后，中原地区大概就不再种植葡萄。一些边远地区时常以贡酒的方式向后来的历代皇室进贡葡萄酒。唐代时，中原地区对葡萄酒已是一无所知了。

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made of fermented grape [1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other [2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine being [3]Although other fruits such as apples and berries can also be fermented, the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or elderberry wine) and are generically known as fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin du pays) Others, such as barley wine and rice wine ( sake), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer and spirit more than wine, while ginger wine is fortified with In these cases, the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content, rather than production [4] The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many [5]Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and I[6][7] Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece, and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and R Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist and KThe word "wine" derives from the Proto-Germanic "*winam," an early borrowing from the Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape) vine," itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- ( Hittite: wiyana ,Lycian: Oino, Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos, Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos)[8][9] Similar words for wine or grapes are found in the Semitic languages ( Arabic ﻭﻳﻦ wayn) and in Georgian (ğvino); some consider the term to be a wanderwort, or "wandering word"[10]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Grape varieties 3 Classification 1 Europe classification 2 Outside of Europe 4 Vintages 5 Tasting 6 Collecting 7 Production 1 Exporting countries 8 Uses 1 Religious uses 9 Health effects 10 Packaging 11 Storage 12 Film and television 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links pls contact me for the url,which is banned on

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