Research on Agricultural Subsidy Policy Adjustment under the Guidance of Green Development

1 Introduction

In 2016, China proposed the reform of "three subsidies" for agriculture nationwide, and adjusted the target of agricultural subsidy policy to support the protection of cultivated land and the moderate scale operation of grain. The implementation of a series of agricultural subsidies has played an indelible role in realizing food growth for our country, increasing farmers’ income and promoting rural economic development, but it still needs to adjust. According to the current real situation of agricultural development, with the rapid development of agriculture, over-exploitation of cultivated land resources, declining soil fertility, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, and the increasing contradiction between agricultural sustainable development and agro-ecological environment, the development of agriculture is facing enormous pressure of resource and environment. Under the current situation, the development of agriculture in our country must take the path of ecological green sustainable development. The adjustment of agricultural subsidy policy must also follow the pace and change to the direction that is conducive to ecological and green development.

朱家山路与长江大堤平行，月亮湾路则起于长江大堤下，从几乎与江堤成垂直的角度向腹地延伸，两条路相交的地方就是月半湾的位置。

2 The relationship between green development and agricultural subsidies

2.1 Agricultural subsidies based on green development can increase the efficiency of subsidies and promote a virtuous circle of subsidies The agricultural subsidy policy should be continuously adjusted with the change of the agricultural development environment. At present, the objective form of agricultural development in China is constantly changing, mainly in the following two aspects. First, the supply of agricultural products is difficult to meet the effective demand of agricultural products, and the supply of agricultural products is out of balance. Second, the resource and environment pressure of agricultural development is increasing. Under the new situation, the policy effect of the "three subsidies" policy on agriculture in our country is gradually declining, it is urgent to make corresponding changes in accordance with the objective reality of agricultural development at the present stage of China. Adjusting the policy of "three subsidies" in agriculture and shifting agricultural subsidy policy in favor of green development of agriculture can effectively relieve the current predicament of agricultural development in our country and improve the efficiency of agricultural subsidies, making the agricultural subsidies more timely and accurate and promoting a virtuous circle of agricultural subsidies.

2.2 Environment-friendly agricultural subsidy policy is a firm support and an effective way to promote green industry The implementation of the concept of green development of agriculture is inseparable from the formulation of relevant policies by the state. Agricultural subsidy policy is the country’s main starting point for the guidance of agriculture. The concept of agricultural green development needs the corresponding agricultural subsidy policy to promote it. The green development of agricultural subsidy policy can effectively implement the concept of agricultural green development. In 2016, China adjusted the "three subsidies" policy of agriculture, adjusting agricultural policy target of "three subsidies" to support the protection of arable land and moderate scale operation of food. It grasps the key "short board" for agriculture to achieve green development. It is taking practical actions to support the protection of cultivated land for farmers to stimulate the driving force of farmland protection of cultivated land, to stimulate the protection of farmers’ cultivated land and promote the combination of cultivated land "use and support", to ease the pressure of shortage of agricultural resources and agricultural non-point source pollution. Without the support of the state subsidy policy, spontaneous protection of arable land is hard to come by for farmers.

2.3 Environment-friendly agricultural subsidy policy can vigorously promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side The structural reform of the agricultural supply side is an important measure to promote the new development with the new concept of development. The concept of green development is an important part of the new concept[1], to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side with the concept of green development, the key is to speed up the transformation of agricultural production and promote the green transformation of agricultural production. It is difficult to promote the transformation of agricultural production mode by relying solely on the strength of the agricultural operators themselves. It needs the support of agricultural subsidies. In addition, in order to promote the agricultural supply side structural reform with the concept of green development, it is necessary to focus on the current problems of agricultural environmental pollution. The existing problems of agricultural eco-environment in China are largely due to the agricultural subsidy policy’s overemphasis on economic benefits and neglect of ecological benefits in the past.

4.2 Tilting the agricultural subsidy policy to the "green box" The agricultural subsidy policy should gradually transform the "amber box" subsidy policy to a "green box" subsidy policy, reduce the direct intervention of agricultural subsidies in the agricultural product market, and respect the fundamental role of the market. First, we need to strengthen subsidies for "software" in agricultural production, such as increasing investment in agricultural technology and accelerating agricultural technology popularization and training, accelerating the cultivation of new-type specialized farmers, strengthening the scientific and cultural quality of farmers, providing talent support for the green sustainable development of agriculture, etc. Second, we should appropriately adjust the structure of agricultural investment and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The focus of agricultural investment should be tilted to the departments or agencies that are conducive to the agricultural ecological environment.

3.3 Lack of effective supervision on policy implementation affecting the effectiveness of policy implementation Due to the lack of effective government supervision, the expected effectiveness of policy implementation is hard to achieve. If the subsidies are provided by the policy, the farmers who want to enjoy subsidies should not abandon cultivated land, their arable land productivity will not be reduced. And this subsidy policy cab effectively protect the fertility of cultivated land. However, in the process of policy implementation, the situation of falsification is common and the farmers who abandon arable land are still able to enjoy subsidies due to the lack of effective supervision. When it comes to reduction of the land fertility, our country has not formulated certain standards, and the government has not actually checked the land capacity of cultivated land when subsidies are issued. In addition, due to the lack of effective supervision, we can easily see that the area of subsidized cultivated land is not consistent with the subsidy area reported, which affects the policy subsidy.

3 The problems in agricultural subsidies are not conducive to agricultural green development

3.1 Insufficient investment in agricultural green ecological subsidy In recent years, China’s agricultural green ecological subsidies have gradually increased, and actively controlled agricultural non-point source pollution. But on the whole, the total amount of agricultural green ecological subsidies in China is still insufficient, it is difficult to meet the needs of funds for agricultural green development and cannot be compared with the developed countries in the world. The weakness of agriculture determines that the total input of agriculture plays a crucial role in the development of agriculture. In particular, the negative externality of agriculture needs to be corrected by strong agricultural subsidies combined with environmental protection and increasing the country’s financial expenditure on supporting agriculture is indispensable for the sustainable development of agriculture.

4.1 Increasing agricultural subsidies, establishing and perfecting the guarantee system of agricultural credit The agricultural subsidies have a direct impact on the effectiveness of agricultural subsidies. The state’s support for agriculture can be reflected in the following two aspects. The first is subsidized support, the state should continue to increase agricultural subsidies and maintain the stability of agricultural subsidies. On this basis, efforts should be intensified to optimize the expenditure structure and improve the orientation of the subsidy funds. The incremental funding should be on favoring resource conservation and environmentally friendly aspects. Second, it is necessary to increase financial and credit support, strengthen government support and guidance, promote financial resources to the countryside, strengthen the reform, and constantly meet the rural financial development needs. In view of the characteristics of rural financial demand, the construction and improvement of agricultural credit guarantee system is constantly improved, such as the formation of standardized micro-finance, the introduction of Internet finance, the development of rural banks, etc. for agriculture, especially large-scale green agriculture to provide strong credit support.

Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the agricultural subsidy policy. First, agricultural subsidies should be gradually changed from the pursuit of economic benefits to the pursuit of ecological benefits. The second measure is to invest the necessary manpower, material and financial resources to solve the agricultural environment problem.

图4给出了所提出算法用于推导电弧灭弧时间的均方根值跟踪方法，其中rmsvol[j]是每个数据窗口内电压波形的均方根值。εrms是用于检测次级电弧灭弧的微分阈值。持续时间阈值和确定值分别是对应的样本计数器和采样数，它们表示持续时间来区分次级电弧的完全灭弧和重新冲击。当前均方根值与先前均方根值在每个时间步长上的差值，即rmsvol[j+1]-rmsvol[j]≥εrms时，持续时间阈值将增加，并且一旦达到确定值，则表示次级灭弧和重合闸命令信号以激发重合闸继电器。

4 Recommendations for adjusting the agricultural subsidy policy in order to promote the green development of agriculture

3.2 Agricultural subsidies are mostly "amber box" subsidies while "green box" subsidies are insufficient In China, the "green box" subsidy is still low at the overall utilization level, mainly the "amber box" subsidy, and the "amber box" subsidy accounts for about 70% of the total amount of agricultural subsidies in our country, which always makes our agricultural products face an unfavorable situation in the international trade of agricultural products. Among the 12 categories of "green box" agricultural subsidies stipulated by the WTO that can be used, China has adopted six of them, and has not adopted six unjust agricultural subsidy policies [2]. At this stage, some of the developed countries have used agricultural subsidy policy that is stipulated by WTO, and our country uses few or none of these agricultural subsidy policies. In addition, in the process of gradually reducing the "amber box" subsidy policy or gradually replacing the "amber box" subsidy policy with the "green box" subsidy policy in the developed countries of the world, our country is still trying to change the subsidy mainly based on the "amber box" policy [3].

利用直流数字电能表，可以测量太阳能电池板对电动车电池组的充电电压、充电电流、充电功率和充电电能。2012年5月20日利用苏州迅鹏仪器仪表有限公司生产的直流数字电能表对太阳能电池板对蓄电池的充电情况进行了检测，检测数据从早晨7：00开始，每隔半小时测量一次，持续到下午18：00，测试数据见表4，当天天气晴，气温18～27℃。

4.3 Strengthening the supervision of agricultural subsidies

In the process of implementing the agricultural subsidy policy, we should strengthen government supervision. First, we must strengthen organizational leadership. According to the local demands for subsidies based on green development, there is a need to develop a practical subsidy program, refine the tasks of all departments, clarify the corresponding responsibilities, strengthen coordination and push forward solidly. The second is to strengthen supervision and improve the legal transparency of subsidies. The arrangement of agricultural subsidy funds must strictly comply with Budget Law, and they should be legal subsidies, sunshine subsidies and transparent subsidies. Third, we should be extensively under the supervision of the masses and strengthen the supervision over the interception, misappropriation and fraud of subsidized funds through websites, news media, Weibo, etc. [4].

References

[1] JIANG CY. How to scientifically understand the profound connotation of supply-side structural reforms in agriculture [J]. Economic Review, 2017, 33(9): 24-29. (in Chinese).

[2] SUN H, QIAO CX. Research on agricultural subsidy system from the perspective of agricultural green transformation [J]. China Development, 2017, 17 (4): 24-28. (in Chinese).

[3] ZHAO ZW. China’s agricultural subsidies reform and its legal thinking [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45 (9): 317-320. (in Chinese).

[4] ZHOU YC, CHENXL, PENG WW. Problems and improvement suggestions on agricultural subsidy policy in China [J]. Agricultural Economy, 2017, 37(3): 87-89. (in Chinese).

心智行动悖境在心智行动中形成，在主体实际的客观互动中，同样会出现悖境。互动是主体根据彼此的关系行动，其中也包含心智行动的因素⑥。正如冯·诺依曼(John von Neumann)和摩根斯坦(Oskar Morgenstern)所指出的，对某个事件的信念是可以测度的，因为该信念是导致相应行动的基础⑦。一个互动状态要求主体的决策和行动一致，决策是内在的，个体决策的程序依赖于个体的心智意向。由于信念的驱动和动机的召唤，个体愿意去参与群体行动。