引用数据（图表、表格）：常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …as从句：As shown in…/As can be seen in…/As revealed by…引用/简述他人的研究/观点：XXX + V + /that…其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend其它：Based on…/In the view of…/According to…表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is very probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …
apa格式
需要写多少字我会搞定质量好
表示原因： 1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as 3）The reason for this is obvious，that is … Great changes have taken place in our There are three reasons for this 表示好处： 1） It has the following 2） It does us a lot of 3） It benefits us quite a Books are like They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our Therefore，reading is of great benefit to 表示坏处： 1） It has more disadvantages than 2） It is harmful to Television can also be harmful to It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for do 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer A 表示措施 1）We should take some effective 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the 4）We should solve the problems that we are faced The environ problem that we are faced with is becoming more and more Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve 表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 3）The computer has brought about many changes in modern society Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five The major reasons for these changes are：people would rather eat more green vegetables instead of fat 表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact 2）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested 3）However，that’s not the We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of 表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages, Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of Secondly，they do not cause the pollution , what is important, riding bicycles will be good for our 表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased） The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 2) a number of a great many a great deal of a large amount of plenty of the number of With the improvement of the living standard, people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 表示看法 1 ） People have different opinions on this 2）People take different views on the 3）In my opinion, I think… People have different attitudes towards Some believe that failure leads to Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on 表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that 2) From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved 表示喜欢、厌恶 like/enjoy doing sth be fond of doing sth be crazy about be addicted to Dislike doing sth hate doing sth 13 ）表示赞成，反对 Be for 支持 be against 反对 I agree that I agree to do sth I disagree that 14 ）描写人 Have a gift/talent for study hard and make progress every day 套语 / 句型 1）It’s well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3) As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way 4) “Should students surf the internet?” This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on 5) According to… 6) with the help of … 7) as far as I can see 8) It is no use / good doing sth 9) spend time /money in doing sth 10) manage to do sth succeed in doing sth be able to do sth 11 )in order to do sth… 12) so…that… 13) look forward to sth/doing sth 14）be strict with be patient with 15) of great use of great value of great important 16) speak highly of 17) be famous for /as 18) be known to sb 19) be familiar with 20) develop the habit of 21) get close to get rid of 22) plan to do want to do would like to do feel like to do 23) be poor in be short of be short for be good at do well in 有用的词汇 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节（灯节）the Lantern Festival 清明节the Qing Ming Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival 中秋节the Mid Autumn Festival（the Moon Festival） 重阳节the Double Ninth Festival 元旦New Year's Day 国际劳动妇女节International Working Women' s Day（Women's Day） 国际劳动节international Labor Day（M Day） 中国青年节Chinese Youth Day 国际儿童节International Children's Day（Children's Day） 教师节Teachers ' Day 国庆节National Day 污染pollute 浪费waste 节省 save 挽救save 遭受suffer 灾难 disaster 有意义的 meaningful 含义意思 meaning
现象学、存在主义、解释学、精神分析、结构主义、形式主义、新批评、后结构主义（解构主义）、西方马克思主义、批判理论（法兰克福学派）、女性主义、后殖民主义、生态批评。
1． It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to 2． 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules 3． "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"（very+形容词）He was all gentleness to 4． 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a 5． "something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似’’They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a 6． 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那般的父亲"。Those pigs of girls eat so 7． as…as…can（may）beIt is as plain as plain can 8． "It is in（with）…as in（with）"It is in life as in a 9． "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt 10．"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it 11．"to make…of"的译法（使……成为……，把……当作）I will make a scientist of my 12． oo…+不定式"，not（never）too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式She is too angry to 13． only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready（apt） +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your 除此之外，还有很多很多~~~主要是靠自己平时的积累
概述(30 词左右)：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如：This paper is…或 This study focuses on…目的(30 词左右)：用 To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。方法(50 词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有：test,study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。结果(50 词左右)：直入主题地摆出结果，如 This paper shows… 或 The results are…结论(60 词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showedthat…” 的赘语，逐 条罗列出结论。展望(20 词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of greatsignificance in… 或指出不足。语态：规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚， 现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。人称 最好不要出现 I，we 等第一人称代词，而是使用第三人称，如 the author 等时态： 摘要的时态以一般现在时为主，表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。在特殊的情 况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时，用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时，总结主要的结果时通常用一 般现在时。注意：用 paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时：This paper aimsto focus on… 而采用 study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时：This study investigated…以上就是青藤小编今天的分享内容，总之，在英文摘要中一定不要出现不常见的术语，过多的形容词， 无关的背景资料，自我评价等。
abstractanalyse focus expound
关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____Somepeoplesuggestthat____俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。Thereisanoldsaying______It’stheexperienceofourforefathers，however，现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today,____,First,____Second,____Whatmakesthingsworseisthat______现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays,itiscommonto______Manypeoplelike______because______Besides，______任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception，关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People'sopinionsabout______Somepeoplesaythat______Tothem,_____人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。Manisnowfacingabigproblem______……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople，……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-I根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？Accordingtothefigure/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph，itcanbeseenthat______Obviously,______,butwhy?
网上可以搜索的，而且词汇学课本里面就有相关内容，然后再多举一些例子就可以了，三、四百字应该很好解决的
现象学、存在主义、解释学、精神分析、结构主义、形式主义、新批评、后结构主义（解构主义）、西方马克思主义、批判理论（法兰克福学派）、女性主义、后殖民主义、生态批评。
引用数据（图表、表格）：常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …as从句：As shown in…/As can be seen in…/As revealed by…引用/简述他人的研究/观点：XXX + V + /that…其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend其它：Based on…/In the view of…/According to…表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is very probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …
迅雷搜索下载啊！然后整理一下不就得了，不就400字么
我觉得，这句话有些问题，这个Which depend on 用的很怪，呵呵，个人认为用 in terms of 会好点。然后，of other countries 也怪怪的，应该用 with other countries吧，呵呵，希望你推敲一下，祝好
apa格式
现象学、存在主义、解释学、精神分析、结构主义、形式主义、新批评、后结构主义（解构主义）、西方马克思主义、批判理论（法兰克福学派）、女性主义、后殖民主义、生态批评。
你这个题目太难答了理论太多,比如文学社会学理论,形式主义理论,读者接受理论等等