Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should Like sesame jam boiled " Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled Basic cannot feel slightly The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am " In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello" When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so However can think in China like this An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a C When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the " The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the " Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language
Dominique BDifferences in Food Culture – Traditions & TOdense University，Hansen, B Taste of Southeast A Tucson, AZ: HPBooks, I, Hyman, Gwenda L Cuisines of Southeast Asia: A Culinary Journey Through China,Thailand, Myanmar,J New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, I, Hallock, Constance M Fun and Festival from East A New York, NY: Friendship Press,
以后可以自己去查。我空间里有一些国外大学的入口和帐号，你可以试试。如果不行可以到文章里说的论坛去找。
Dominique BDifferences in Food Culture – Traditions & TOdense University，Hansen, B Taste of Southeast A Tucson, AZ: HPBooks, I, Hyman, Gwenda L Cuisines of Southeast Asia: A Culinary Journey Through China,Thailand, Myanmar,J New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, I, Hallock, Constance M Fun and Festival from East A New York, NY: Friendship Press,
Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should Like sesame jam boiled " Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled Basic cannot feel slightly The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am " In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello" When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so However can think in China like this An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a C When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the " The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the " Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language
English style of eating habits is also easy, pay attention to Breakfast is usually porridge milk or a cup of red juice, coated with butter toast, fried bacon or sausage, At noon, the children eat lunch at school, adults at lunch on the job on the vicinity to buy a sandwich, a cup of coffee on, just Only to the weekend, the British people will be rich on a Usually the main course is meat, such as grilled chicken, roast beef, fish and so A wide variety of vegetables, like cabbage, fresh peas, potatoes, carrots and so Vegetables in general are no longer processed, mounted on a tray, poured from the supermarket to buy ready-made sauce will be After the main course there will always be together digestible of sweets, such as cooking fruit, fruit pudding, cheese, ice cream and so Fried fish and fries (Fish and chips) This is the traditional British fast food nation (fast food) It is in the 19th century 60's pop At that time, the railway put start fresh fish one night directly (direct) transported from the east coast to L English at the fish paste on top ofgood deep-fried in oil, and fried potatoes be eaten People put a mixture of salt and vinegar sauce and pour it into the article on fish and potatoes, with a newspaper bag, and then eat from the paper in Today, people often use a clean paper packaging, and to provide a fork (fork) Cha (Tea) British National enjoy a cup of At the traditional British (tradition) on people with porcelain tea cup, one person a cup, a spoonful of The majority of British people like to drink strong tea, but I want to add much Many years ago, people used to put milk into the cup, then add the tea, and finally add Coffee (Coffee) Now in the United Kingdom, as popularity of coffee and People either do not add milk or add milk, or drink coffee or preparing a new instant Wine (Wine) English wine industry is very More and more of the many vineyards are producing wine and red wine (red wine) English pubs everywhere, has several flavors, each with 10,000 large and small pubs, which have many hundreds of years of history, this old pub is usually haunted legends, it is interesting that not only did not care about the owner, but also his house ghost Li Chuan-story as the general put on a table in Something fishy about the pub business better and sell more Eating habits with knife and fork pyronaridine ~ British people generally preferred way of cooking there is: cooked in soy and vinegar, barbecue, fried and Of meat, seafood, game cooking methods are unique; However, the categories of the beef they have special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), is attached not only in the consumption of seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also will add some steak on the mustard sauce; at the use of seasoning on the butter and liquor preferences; at spice up the taste of meat Kou, cinnamon and other spices The more well-known British cuisine has: beef kidney allocation (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fish Pai (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), the Royal butter chicken (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so British people enjoy hunting, only once a year at the hunting period, there is much of the hotel or restaurant will be introduced to game meal, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT),, such as General cooking game when using some gin or berries and wine, this approach is in order to remove the smell of mutton flavor of the food Breakfast is very important to the British people, British restaurants in the supply of a wide range of meals, have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge category, bread, jam and Nowadays the popular afternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is the mass from the United Kingdom, and its more famous there is Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the contents can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, muffin, fruit tarts (TARTE ) and Supper on the daily lives of English is also one of the most important part of the meal of their choice is usually late, and are eating betterto promote friendship between meals can imagine they belong to are very autonomous nation, and a supper for them could take The United Kingdom at the local, there will be lot of people who love to drink, mainly because it itself is also a wine producing English at the cost of alcohol consumption on the expenditure than the other also to the Nobu Restaurant This is a world-renowned Japanese-style sushi restaurant, perfect interpretation of the cultural diversity of L Enjoy the best way is to let the staff recommend, another is called a reversal of the world's black cod, point of confusing the champagne Of course, the best have someone else foot the bill! Remember the location you want in advance, S John's Restaurant Very authentic British restaurant, under the name of the solemn nostalgia,thick sauce, verytraditional British Pig here are LOGO, shows a simple kick! Have to roast whole pigs, Yorktraditional rural English Confections are a weight of more down 2,3个 Good to eat! Ensure that you spot, the United Kingdom must go FREE to try! Hakkasan Restaurant An average consumption of 60 pounds in London's top Is not a false faceskill, newspapers comment on is "the history of the sexiest Chinese restaurant", are impartial Hot and sour soup, pipa duck, pork Doo British sparkling wine, Greece white P It seems that Chinese and Western, at tip of tongue on
中国知网有很多呀 [1]李鑫 “感性”与“理性”——浅谈中西饮食文化差异[J] 全国商情(理论研究),2010,(5) [2]谢有斌 清代中西饮食文化比较论[J] 四川烹饪高等专科学校学报,2009,(2) [3]欧阳艳 浅析中西饮食文化[J] 湖北函授大学学报,2011,(7) [4]杨乃济 中西饮食文化中的哲学差异——中西饮食文化漫谈之三[J] 中国国情国力,1993,(4) [5]汪清囡 农业结构不同导致中西饮食文化的差异[J] 南方农机,2006,(6) [6]张旗,谢有斌 清代中晚期中西饮食文化交流[J] 扬州大学烹饪学报,2003,(4) [7]马守艳 中西饮食文化差异及中西菜肴翻译方法[J] 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(4) [8]党冰花 中西饮食文化差异刍议[J] 重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(10) [9]卞浩宇 跨文化交际下的中西饮食文化比较研究[D] 苏州大学: 苏州大学, [10]张洪萍 试论中西饮食文化的差异[J] 天津职业院校联合学报,2010,(6) [11]蔡华 试论中西饮食文化的差异[J] 邵阳学院学报(社会科学版),2007,(2) [12]鲁莉,曹诗图 中西饮食文化比较及文化地理分析[J] 四川烹饪高等专科学校学报,2007,(3) [13]苏琛琛,雷雨,陈海洪,何纯点 中西饮食文化差异探讨[J] 农家之友(理论版),2008,(9) [14]卞浩宇,高永晨 论中西饮食文化的差异[J] 南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2004,(2) [15]李青,李伯伟 中西饮食文化消费心理比较[J] 商场现代化,2007,(9) [16]单士坤,王敏 民族文化心理与中西饮食文化之对比[J] 山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2005,(2) [17]唐友波 从中西饮食文化的差异看文化旅游的基点[J] 东南文化,1991,(6) [18]罗露莎 浅析中西饮食文化差异[J] 双语学习,2007,(5) [19]徐旺生 中西饮食文化内涵的异同[J] 农业考古,1995,(3) [20]丘勇强 中西饮食文化差异下的中国菜肴英译[J] 闽西职业技术学院学报,2009,(4)
不知你要几篇, 你看看够么?[1] 孙璐 浅析日本饮食文化[J] 西安社会科学, 2010, (04) [2] 徐静波 试论日本饮食文化的诸特征[J] 日本学刊, 2008, (05) [3] 徐静波 论日本肉食禁止和开禁的思想因素[J] 日本研究, 2010, (01) [4] 贺亚芹,隋国荣 日本饮食文化琐谈[J] 辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版), 1999, (02) [5] 张婕 浅谈饮食与健康[J] 技术与市场, 2009, (07) [6] 方海燕 从饮食看日本文化的特征——以中日饮食文化的关系为中心[J] 科技信息(科学教研), 2008, (04) [7]日本的饮食文化[J] 健身科学, 2004, (12) [8] 尹文华 浅谈中日两国饮食文化[J] 科技创新导报, 2010, (34) [9] 时志中 浅析“鱼文化”现象[J] 中国钓鱼, 1995, (11) [10] 仓石厚子 中日饮食文化比较──兼论消费与经济观念[J] 现代日本经济, 1997, (06)
你都那么苗条了，不需要注意了，嘎嘎！！！
不知你要几篇, 你看看够么?[1] 孙璐 浅析日本饮食文化[J] 西安社会科学, 2010, (04) [2] 徐静波 试论日本饮食文化的诸特征[J] 日本学刊, 2008, (05) [3] 徐静波 论日本肉食禁止和开禁的思想因素[J] 日本研究, 2010, (01) [4] 贺亚芹,隋国荣 日本饮食文化琐谈[J] 辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版), 1999, (02) [5] 张婕 浅谈饮食与健康[J] 技术与市场, 2009, (07) [6] 方海燕 从饮食看日本文化的特征——以中日饮食文化的关系为中心[J] 科技信息(科学教研), 2008, (04) [7]日本的饮食文化[J] 健身科学, 2004, (12) [8] 尹文华 浅谈中日两国饮食文化[J] 科技创新导报, 2010, (34) [9] 时志中 浅析“鱼文化”现象[J] 中国钓鱼, 1995, (11) [10] 仓石厚子 中日饮食文化比较──兼论消费与经济观念[J] 现代日本经济, 1997, (06)
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中国居民膳食指南的理解 前言：俗话说:“民以食为天”，可见日常生活中的饮食对我们身体健康影响至关重要，而生活中的我们往往忙碌于工作、学习，而对于正确的膳食指南了解甚少，往往不了解食物的营养，不注重食物的搭配吃用，造成食物的营养流失，吃得不健康，甚至吃出病。因此我们每个人都应该对平常的膳食多加关心，多作充分的了解，让我们可以吃得健康，活得快乐。 首先食物要多样、谷类为主。人类的食物是多种多样的，各种食物所含的营养成分不完全相同。平衡膳食，必须由多种食物组成，才能满足人体各种营养素的需要，达到合理营养、促进健康的目的。因而要提倡人们广泛食用多种食物。谷类食物是中国传统膳食的主体。随着经济发展，生活改善，人们倾向于食用更多的动物性食物。根据1992年全国营养调查的结果，在一些比较富裕的家庭中动物性食物的消费量已超过了谷类的消费量。这种“西方化”或“富裕型”的膳食提供的能量和脂肪过高，而膳食纤维过低，对一些慢性病的预防不利。提出谷物为主是为了提醒人们保持我国膳食的良好的传统，防止发达国家膳食的弊端。另外，要注意粗细搭配，经常吃一些粗粮、杂粮等。稻米、小麦不要碾磨太精，否则，谷粒表层所含的维生素、矿物质等营养素和膳食纤维大部流失到糠麸之中。 除此以外每天该吃奶类、豆类或其制品。奶类除含有丰富的优质蛋白质和维生素外，含钙量较高，且利用率也很高，是天然钙质的极好来源。我国居民膳食提供的钙普遍偏低，平均只达到推荐供给量的一半左右。我国婴幼儿佝偻病的患者也较多，这和膳食钙不足可能有一定的联系。大量的研究表明，给儿童、青少年补钙可以提高其骨密度，从而延缓其发生骨质疏松的年龄；给老年人补钙也可能减缓其骨质丢失的速度。因此，应大力发展奶类的生产和消费。豆类是我国的传统食品，含有丰富的优质蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、钙及维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸等。为提高农村人口蛋白质摄入量及防止城市中过多消费肉类带来的不利影响，应大力提倡豆类，特别是大豆及其制品的生产和消费。 还要多吃蔬菜、水果和薯类。蔬菜与水果含有丰富的维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维。蔬菜的种类繁多，包括植物的叶、茎、花苔、茄果、鲜豆、食用蕈藻等，不同品种所含营养成分不尽相同，甚至悬殊很大。红、黄、绿等深色蔬菜中维生素含量超过浅色蔬菜和一般水果，他们是胡萝卜素、维生素B2、维生素C和叶酸、矿物质（钙、磷、钾、镁、铁）、膳食纤维和天然抗氧化物的主要或重要来源。薯类含有丰富的淀粉、膳食纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质。我国居民近十年来吃薯类较少，应当鼓励多吃些薯类。有丰富蔬菜、水果和薯类的膳食，对保护心血管健康、增强抗病能力、减少儿童发生干眼病的危险及预防某些癌症等有着十分重要的作用。 经常吃适量的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉，少吃肥肉和荤油。鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉等动物性食物是优质蛋白质、脂溶性维生素和矿物质的良好来源。动物性蛋白质的氨基酸组成更适合人体需要，且赖氨酸含量较高，有利于补充植物性蛋白质中赖氨酸的不足。肉类中的铁易被身体吸收利用，鱼类特别是海产鱼所含不饱和脂肪酸有降低血脂和防止血栓形成的作用。动物肝脏含维生素A极为丰富，还富含维生素B12、叶酸等。但有些脏器如脑、肾等所含胆固醇相当高，对预防心血管系统疾病不利。我国相当一部分城市和绝大多数农村居民平均摄入动物性食物的量还不够，应适当增加摄入量。但部分大城市居民食用动物性食物过多，吃谷类和蔬菜不足，对健康不利。肥肉和荤油为高能量和高脂肪食物，摄入过多往往会引起肥胖，并是某些慢性病的危险因素，应当少吃。目前猪肉仍为我国人民的主要肉食，猪肉脂肪含量高，应发展瘦肉型猪。鸡、鱼、兔、牛肉等动物性食物含蛋白质较高，脂肪较低，产生的能量远低于猪肉，应大力提倡吃这些食物，适当减少猪肉的消费比例。 食量与体力活动要平衡，保持适宜体重。进食量与体力活动是控制体重的两个主要因素。食物提供人体能量，体力活动消耗能量。如果进食量过大而活动量不足，多余的能量就会在体内以脂肪的形式积存即增加体重，久之便发胖；相反，若食量不足，劳动或运动量过大，可由于能量不足引起消瘦，造成劳动能力下降。所以人们需要保持食量与能量消耗之间的平衡。对于脑力劳动者和活动量较少的人应加强锻炼，开展适宜的运动，如快走、慢跑、游泳等。对消瘦的儿童应增加食量和油脂的摄入，以维持正常生长发育和适宜体重。体重过高或过低都是不健康的表现，可造成抵抗力下降，易患某些疾病，如老年人的慢性病或儿童的传染病等。经常运动会增强心血管和呼吸系统的功能，保持良好的生理状态、提高工作效率、调节食欲、强壮骨骼、预防骨质疏松。一日三餐的能量摄入分配要合理。一般早、中、晚餐的能量分别占总能量的30％、40％、30％为宜。 吃清淡少盐的膳食。吃清淡少盐的膳食有利于健康，即不要吃太油腻太咸的食物，不要吃过多的动物性食物和油炸、烟熏食物。目前，城市居民的油脂摄入量越来越高，这样不利于健康。我国居民食盐摄入量过多，平均值是世界卫生组织建议值的2倍以上。流行病学调查表明，钠的摄入量与高血压的发病呈正相关，因而食盐不宜过多。世界卫生组织建议每人每天食盐用量不超过6克为宜。膳食钠的来源除食盐外还包括酱油、咸菜、味精等高钠食品及含钠的加工食品等。应从幼年就养成吃少盐膳食的习惯。 饮酒应限量。在节假日、喜庆和交际场合，人们往往饮酒。高度酒含能量高，不含其他营养素。无节制地饮酒，会使食欲下降，食物摄入减少，以致发生多种营养素缺乏，严重时还会造成酒精性肝硬化。过量饮酒会增加患高血压、中风等危险，并可导致事故及暴力的增加，对个人健康和社会安定都是有害的。应严禁酗酒，若饮酒可少量饮用低度酒，青少年不应饮酒。 吃清洁卫生、不变质的食物，在选购食物时应当选择外观好，没有污染、杂质，没有变色、变味，并符合卫生标准的食物，严格把住病从口入关。进餐要注意卫生条件，包括进餐环境、餐具和供餐者的健康卫生状况。集体用餐要提倡分餐制，减少疾病传染的机会。 结语：因此我们要养成良好膳食习惯，形成良好的膳食观念，在日常生活中注重膳食，在饮食中获得营养并且吃得健康，热爱生命的朋友们，让我们为拥有长久健康的体质而努力吧！ 参考文献：1、《中国居民膳食指南》2、1997年的《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》3、薛建平主编《食物营养与健康》，中国科学技术大学出版社2004年2月出版152页4、贾冬英姚开主编《饮食营养与食疗》四川大学出版社2004年4月第一版139页
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