《中文核心期刊要目总览》（2011版）收录临床医学的核心期刊如下（共20种）：中国危重病急救医学 中华超声影像学杂志 中国医学影像技术 中国康复医学杂志 中华检验医学杂志 中华物理医学与康复杂志 中国超声医学杂志 中华护理杂志 临床与实验病理学杂志 中国输血杂志 中华急诊医学杂志 中国急救医学 临床检验杂志 诊断病理学杂志 中国康复理论与实践 中国医学影像学杂志 中国中西医结合急救杂志 中国疼痛医学杂志 中国感染与化疗杂志 中国实用护理杂志SCIE收录的医学类期刊较多，给你提供下列三种： CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS（缩写：CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS）Bimonthly ISSN: 1551-7144ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10010- EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION（缩写：EUR J CLIN INVEST）Monthly ISSN: 0014-2972WILEY-BLACKWELL, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, USA, NJ, 07030- CLINICAL SCIENCE（缩写：CLIN SCI）Monthly ISSN: 0143-5221PORTLAND PRESS LTD, CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND, WC1N 2JU
2008年SCI收录期刊影响因子（按字顺排列） Abbreviated Journal Title ISSN 2008 Impact Immediacy 2008 Cited Total Cites Factor Index Articles Half-life AAPG BULL 0149-1423 4588 364 353 68 >0 AAPS PHARMSCITECH 1530-9932 1078 445 090 167 4 AATCC REV 1532-8813 252 352 091 44 5 ABDOM IMAGING 0942-8925 2122 485 387 124 6 ABH MATH SEM HAMBURG 0025-5858 318 086 000 7 >0 ABSTR APPL ANAL 1085-3375 283 644 533 60 9 ACAD EMERG MED 1069-6563 4406 460 433 187 7 ACAD MED 1040-2446 5422 867 8 ACAD RADIOL 1076-6332 3027 021 407 167 5 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES 0001-4842 26252 176 683 167 7 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR 0949-1775 473 781 275 80 6 ACI MATER J 0889-325X 1672 568 083 72 >0 ACI STRUCT J 0889-3241 1929 895 167 72 7 ACM COMPUT SURV 0360-0300 3273 920 167 12 1 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 0362-1340 846 163 013 228 9 ACM T COMPUT LOG 1529-3785 374 766 276 29 4 ACM T COMPUT SYST 0734-2071 1069 391 500 10 >0 ACM T DATABASE SYST 0362-5915 1404 613 074 27 >0 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL 1084-4309 407 848 098 61 4 ACM T GRAPHIC 0730-0301 4083 383 150 107 7 ACM T INFORM SYST 1046-8188 1455 472 174 23 7 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE 0098-3500 2111 197 526 38 >0 ACM T MODEL COMPUT S 1049-3301 437 029 050 20 >0 ACM T MULTIM COMPUT 1551-6857 155 465 037 27 6 ACM T PROGR LANG SYS 0164-0925 1500 444 051 39 >0 ACM T SOFTW ENG METH 1049-331X 729 958 261 23 8 ACOUST PHYS+ 1063-7710 531 622 125 112 6 ACS CHEM BIOL 1554-8929 867 149 351 77 8 ACS NANO 1936-0851 703 472 389 296 9 ACSMS HEALTH FIT J 1091-5397 63 353 042 24 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1610-1928 1473 538 080 100 >0 ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 0906-4702 393 489 088 34 3 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P 0906-4710 262 407 176 51 8 ACTA ALIMENT HUNG 0139-3006 319 441 000 43 4 ACTA ANAESTH SCAND 0001-5172 4842 953 503 199 1 ACTA APPL MATH 0167-8019 788 430 218 87 2 ACTA ARITH 0065-1036 1184 467 114 44 >0 ACTA ASTRONAUT 0094-5765 1212 374 013 231 6 ACTA ASTRONOM 0001-5237 860 778 700 30 3 ACTA BIOCH BIOPH SIN 1672-9145 825 086 163 123 8 ACTA BIOCHIM POL 0001-527X 1655 448 237 93 4 ACTA BIOL CRACOV BOT 0001-5296 142 351 000 13 5 ACTA BIOL HUNG 0236-5383 371 619 067 75 2 ACTA BIOMATER 1742-7061 1176 727 491 216 3 ACTA BIOQUIM CLIN L 0325-2957 39 044 077 13 ACTA BIOTHEOR 0001-5342 423 735 056 18 >0 ACTA BOT GALLICA 1253-8078 125 145 020 49 >0 ACTA CARDIOL 0001-5385 621 581 096 104 8 ACTA CHIM SINICA 0567-7351 2339 682 067 461 5 ACTA CHIM SLOV 1318-0207 586 909 109 101 9 ACTA CHIR BELG 0001-5458 729 474 060 167 1 ACTA CHIROPTEROL 1508-1109 290 825 026 38 8 ACTA CHROMATOGR 1233-2356 162 621 111 54 5 ACTA CLIN BELG 0001-5512 528 282 054 56 4 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A 0108-7673 11622 051 556 72 >0 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B 0108-7681 10332 341 419 86 >0 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C 0108-2701 6119 561 354 328 >0 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D 0907-4449 9365 943 581 148 7 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E 1600-5368 7113 367 293 3533 4 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F 1744-3091 586 606 195 293 3 ACTA CYTOL 0001-5547 2713 835 093 118 >0 ACTA DERM-VENEREOL 0001-5555 3545 456 284 74 >0 ACTA DIABETOL 0940-5429 839 926 121 33 8 ACTA ENDOSC 0240-642X 62 074 028 72 ACTA ETHOL 0873-9749 174 667 071 14 4 ACTA GASTRO-ENT BELG 0001-5644 425 832 114 35 1 ACTA GEOL POL 0001-5709 415 581 167 42 >0 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL 1000-9515 1312 431 153 118 7 ACTA GEOPHYS 1895-6572 157 308 222 63 1 ACTA HAEMATOL-BASEL 0001-5792 1582 191 061 82 2 ACTA HISTOCHEM 0065-1281 719 101 298 57 9 ACTA HISTOCHEM CYTOC 0044-5991 221 857 048 21 5 ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB 0323-4320 486 907 0 5 ACTA INFORM 0001-5903 734 789 286 21 >0 ACTA MATER 1359-6454 23367 729 542 612 7 ACTA MATH HUNG 0236-5294 961 317 077 104 >0 ACTA MATH SCI 0252-9602 301 222 000 99 6 ACTA MATH SIN 1439-8516 961 543 050 179 7 ACTA MATH-DJURSHOLM 0001-5962 2425 143 273 11 >0 ACTA MECH 0001-5970 1956 297 189 127 9 ACTA MECH SINICA 0567-7718 606 939 122 74 2 ACTA MECH SOLIDA SIN 0894-9166 263 552 043 70 7 ACTA MED OKAYAMA 0386-300X 478 969 127 55 8 ACTA METALL SIN 0412-1961 975 474 075 268 4 您可以查下，去影响因子网，实在是太多了，而且还有年限，也不知道你要哪年的，这里有2001-2009年sci目录查下
和医学相关的话，ultrasonics比较好；Acta Acustica united with Acustica也可以考虑。这两个都容易中，都是4区，关于超声学2区以上的比较少。还可以考虑JASA Express Letters 两个月可接受。UMB侧重应用ULTRASONICS应用与理论均可IEEE UFFC也比较好，偏理论，但也重应用。JASA理论应用均可说白了，理论牛的你就先考虑UFFC与JASA，理论还可以就考虑Ultrasonics，理论再差一点，或者没有理论，但是实验数据结果漂亮或者是数据比较多结果充分，那就弄UMB。难度方面，UFFC最高，JASA次之，Ultrasonics居中，UMB因为理论要求低，所以，只要实验做得好，没理论也成。影响因子UMB倒可能是最高的，不查不了解，做超声来说，以上四个都是不错的杂志，但超声这技术已经不如以前，也就这样了，影响因子在普遍下降也是不争的事实
百度一下 Scientific Research Publishing，这个出版社有两百多本外文期刊，肯定有关于超声的。
《中文核心期刊要目总览》（2011版）收录临床医学的核心期刊如下（共20种）：中国危重病急救医学 中华超声影像学杂志 中国医学影像技术 中国康复医学杂志 中华检验医学杂志 中华物理医学与康复杂志 中国超声医学杂志 中华护理杂志 临床与实验病理学杂志 中国输血杂志 中华急诊医学杂志 中国急救医学 临床检验杂志 诊断病理学杂志 中国康复理论与实践 中国医学影像学杂志 中国中西医结合急救杂志 中国疼痛医学杂志 中国感染与化疗杂志 中国实用护理杂志SCIE收录的医学类期刊较多，给你提供下列三种： CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS（缩写：CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS）Bimonthly ISSN: 1551-7144ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10010- EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION（缩写：EUR J CLIN INVEST）Monthly ISSN: 0014-2972WILEY-BLACKWELL, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, USA, NJ, 07030- CLINICAL SCIENCE（缩写：CLIN SCI）Monthly ISSN: 0143-5221PORTLAND PRESS LTD, CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND, WC1N 2JU
1 来稿务必简明扼要、重点突出、数据可靠、图像清晰，内容应有新观点、新技术或新经验。基础研究及临床研究等方面的论文一般不超过6 000字 (包括图、表及参考文献表)，其中含有300字以内的中文摘要和关键词以及内容相同的英文摘要(包括文题、作者姓名、单位、邮编，需要打字)，中、英文摘要内容都应包含目的、方法、结果及结论，并在文内写出这些小标题，再精炼地叙述有关内容。短篇报道及病例报告一般以1 000字为宜。文稿字数是指全文占据版面的字数，不是全文的总字数。综述稿件均为本刊约稿，编辑部不受理自投综述文章。 2 来稿请用简化汉字。录稿用Word软件、五号或四号宋体字、5倍行距格式，A4纸单面打印，最好附光盘，以减少错误。标点符号占1格。在应用缩略语时，应先写出中文术语全称，再用括号标出缩略语，以后可直接使用缩略语，凡用英文缩略语时，应先写出英语全文，并要注意大、小写。凡涂改不清或传真稿件恕不受理。 3 超声诊断稿件都应附声像图。图、表应少而精，图、表内容应避免与正文重复，图要列出图序、图题，表应列出表序、表题，勿用文字性大表；图、表均应绘制规范并在正文中标明插位，线条图应用电脑绘制，线条应匀称、规范、清晰，图内文字须用印刷体，字号应小于图题用字。图片要清晰、反差适中、层次分明，病变处要用箭头或符号标注，均应用E-mail发来。若寄照片图应在图的背面写明作者姓名及图序。凡图片一律以矩形为宜，其高、宽比为5∶7。图、表均应附于另一张白纸上，并放在正文之后(不要插在正文内)，并在各图的下面写明图序、图题及图注。不收复印图片。 4 参考文献必须以作者亲自阅读的主要文献为限，并与原著核对无误。内部刊物、资料及未刊出的文章均不能作为文献引用。参考文献应规范著录并按在正文中引用的先后顺序编码(顺序编码制)列于文末，外文文献打字时应用印刷体格式。 5 来稿请附盖有公章的单位介绍信 (不收仅在稿页上盖章的稿件)，并在单位介绍信上注明第一作者所在省、市、县等详细地址、邮政编码、联系电话、E-mail址以及其他作者的姓名。通讯作者应写姓名及E-mail址。 6 稿件署名，研究类论文不超过7人，短篇、病例报告不超过3人为宜。 7 凡来稿在接到本刊收稿回执后，如未再接到稿件处理通知，系仍在审阅或录版中；作者如欲他投，请尽早来函联系。如拟刊用，则通知交纳版面费。如不采用，凡交稿件处理费者，将在50天内退稿，凡退回返修的稿件，务必在一个月内改完寄回，否则将按新来稿件处理。本刊邮寄信、稿均用平信（不用挂号）。 7 来稿切勿一稿两投，并在推荐信中说明。如已排版要求撤稿时酌收排版费用，如查实确为一稿两投者，将予以曝光，并在3年内，拒收该文作者来稿。 8 文责由作者自负，依照《著作权法》有关规定，本刊可以对来稿进行文字修改、删节和标准化加工。不同意修改者，请在来稿单位推荐信中注明。作者不得有抄袭、剽窃行为，不得用不实资料，否则自负法律责任。 9 投稿同时请从邮局汇稿件处理费(包括审稿费、邮寄费等)。病例报告及不超过2 000字的短文(图表等均按占版面字数计算)收20元，其他文章均收40元。凡不寄稿件处理费者，保存两个月，过期作废，不再退稿。 10 稿件被采用后，将按规定收取版面费(专家讲座、点评，编读论坛免收)，每千字275元，黑白图不另收图费，彩图只收成本费。稿件刊出后寄付作者稿酬，每千字75元，赠送当期杂志，论著文章2本，短篇1本。 11 来稿一经刊出，版权即归本刊编辑部，本刊将有权汇编、复制、发行、翻译及相关的信息传播。本刊已加入《中国学术期刊》等光盘(网)版，凡在本刊发表的文章，将全部自动进入相应的光盘(网)版。如有异议，均请在投稿时说明。? 12 本刊稿约每年(卷)在第1期和第7期各刊登一次，执行时以最新版本为准。
和医学相关的话，ultrasonics比较好；Acta Acustica united with Acustica也可以考虑。这两个都容易中，都是4区，关于超声学2区以上的比较少。还可以考虑JASA Express Letters 两个月可接受。UMB侧重应用ULTRASONICS应用与理论均可IEEE UFFC也比较好，偏理论，但也重应用。JASA理论应用均可说白了，理论牛的你就先考虑UFFC与JASA，理论还可以就考虑Ultrasonics，理论再差一点，或者没有理论，但是实验数据结果漂亮或者是数据比较多结果充分，那就弄UMB。难度方面，UFFC最高，JASA次之，Ultrasonics居中，UMB因为理论要求低，所以，只要实验做得好，没理论也成。影响因子UMB倒可能是最高的，不查不了解，做超声来说，以上四个都是不错的杂志，但超声这技术已经不如以前，也就这样了，影响因子在普遍下降也是不争的事实
1 来稿务必简明扼要、重点突出、数据可靠、图像清晰，内容应有新观点、新技术或新经验。基础研究及临床研究等方面的论文一般不超过6 000字 (包括图、表及参考文献表)，其中含有300字以内的中文摘要和关键词以及内容相同的英文摘要(包括文题、作者姓名、单位、邮编，需要打字)，中、英文摘要内容都应包含目的、方法、结果及结论，并在文内写出这些小标题，再精炼地叙述有关内容。短篇报道及病例报告一般以1 000字为宜。文稿字数是指全文占据版面的字数，不是全文的总字数。综述稿件均为本刊约稿，编辑部不受理自投综述文章。 2 来稿请用简化汉字。录稿用Word软件、五号或四号宋体字、5倍行距格式，A4纸单面打印，最好附光盘，以减少错误。标点符号占1格。在应用缩略语时，应先写出中文术语全称，再用括号标出缩略语，以后可直接使用缩略语，凡用英文缩略语时，应先写出英语全文，并要注意大、小写。凡涂改不清或传真稿件恕不受理。 3 超声诊断稿件都应附声像图。图、表应少而精，图、表内容应避免与正文重复，图要列出图序、图题，表应列出表序、表题，勿用文字性大表；图、表均应绘制规范并在正文中标明插位，线条图应用电脑绘制，线条应匀称、规范、清晰，图内文字须用印刷体，字号应小于图题用字。图片要清晰、反差适中、层次分明，病变处要用箭头或符号标注，均应用E-mail发来。若寄照片图应在图的背面写明作者姓名及图序。凡图片一律以矩形为宜，其高、宽比为5∶7。图、表均应附于另一张白纸上，并放在正文之后(不要插在正文内)，并在各图的下面写明图序、图题及图注。不收复印图片。 4 参考文献必须以作者亲自阅读的主要文献为限，并与原著核对无误。内部刊物、资料及未刊出的文章均不能作为文献引用。参考文献应规范著录并按在正文中引用的先后顺序编码(顺序编码制)列于文末，外文文献打字时应用印刷体格式。 5 来稿请附盖有公章的单位介绍信 (不收仅在稿页上盖章的稿件)，并在单位介绍信上注明第一作者所在省、市、县等详细地址、邮政编码、联系电话、E-mail址以及其他作者的姓名。通讯作者应写姓名及E-mail址。 6 稿件署名，研究类论文不超过7人，短篇、病例报告不超过3人为宜。 7 凡来稿在接到本刊收稿回执后，如未再接到稿件处理通知，系仍在审阅或录版中；作者如欲他投，请尽早来函联系。如拟刊用，则通知交纳版面费。如不采用，凡交稿件处理费者，将在50天内退稿，凡退回返修的稿件，务必在一个月内改完寄回，否则将按新来稿件处理。本刊邮寄信、稿均用平信（不用挂号）。 7 来稿切勿一稿两投，并在推荐信中说明。如已排版要求撤稿时酌收排版费用，如查实确为一稿两投者，将予以曝光，并在3年内，拒收该文作者来稿。 8 文责由作者自负，依照《著作权法》有关规定，本刊可以对来稿进行文字修改、删节和标准化加工。不同意修改者，请在来稿单位推荐信中注明。作者不得有抄袭、剽窃行为，不得用不实资料，否则自负法律责任。 9 投稿同时请从邮局汇稿件处理费(包括审稿费、邮寄费等)。病例报告及不超过2 000字的短文(图表等均按占版面字数计算)收20元，其他文章均收40元。凡不寄稿件处理费者，保存两个月，过期作废，不再退稿。 10 稿件被采用后，将按规定收取版面费(专家讲座、点评，编读论坛免收)，每千字275元，黑白图不另收图费，彩图只收成本费。稿件刊出后寄付作者稿酬，每千字75元，赠送当期杂志，论著文章2本，短篇1本。 11 来稿一经刊出，版权即归本刊编辑部，本刊将有权汇编、复制、发行、翻译及相关的信息传播。本刊已加入《中国学术期刊》等光盘(网)版，凡在本刊发表的文章，将全部自动进入相应的光盘(网)版。如有异议，均请在投稿时说明。? 12 本刊稿约每年(卷)在第1期和第7期各刊登一次，执行时以最新版本为准。
百度一下 Scientific Research Publishing，这个出版社有两百多本外文期刊，肯定有关于超声的。
Introduction vibrations of frequencies greater than the upper limit of the audible range for humans—that is, greater than about 20 The term sonic is applied to ultrasound waves of very high Hypersound, sometimes called praetersound or microsound, is sound waves of frequencies greater than 1013 At such high frequencies it is very difficult for a sound wave to propagate efficiently; indeed, above a frequency of about 25 × 1013 hertz, it is impossible for longitudinal waves to propagate at all, even in a liquid or a solid, because the molecules of the material in which the waves are traveling cannot pass the vibration along rapidly TableMany animals have the ability to hear sounds in the human ultrasonic frequency Some ranges of hearing for mammals and insects are compared with those of humans in the T A presumed sensitivity of roaches and rodents to frequencies in the 40 kilohertz region has led to the manufacture of “pest controllers” that emit loud sounds in that frequency range to drive the pests away, but they do not appear to work as Transducers An ultrasonic transducer is a device used to convert some other type of energy into an ultrasonic There are several basic types, classified by the energy source and by the medium into which the waves are being Mechanical devices include gas-driven, or pneumatic, transducers such as whistles as well as liquid-driven transducers such as hydrodynamic oscillators and vibrating These devices, limited to low ultrasonic frequencies, have a number of industrial applications, including drying, ultrasonic cleaning, and injection of fuel oil into Electromechanical transducers are far more versatile and include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive A magnetostrictive transducer makes use of a type of magnetic material in which an applied oscillating magnetic field squeezes the atoms of the material together, creating a periodic change in the length of the material and thus producing a high-frequency mechanical Magnetostrictive transducers are used primarily in the lower frequency ranges and are common in ultrasonic cleaners and ultrasonic machining By far the most popular and versatile type of ultrasonic transducer is the piezoelectric crystal, which converts an oscillating electric field applied to the crystal into a mechanical Piezoelectric crystals include quartz, Rochelle salt, and certain types of Piezoelectric transducers are readily employed over the entire frequency range and at all output Particular shapes can be chosen for particular For example, a disc shape provides a plane ultrasonic wave, while curving the radiating surface in a slightly concave or bowl shape creates an ultrasonic wave that will focus at a specific Piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers also are employed as ultrasonic receivers, picking up an ultrasonic vibration and converting it into an electrical Applications in research One of the important areas of scientific study in which ultrasonics has had an enormous impact is When water is boiled, bubbles form at the bottom of the container, rise in the water, and then collapse, leading to the sound of the boiling The boiling process and the resulting sounds have intrigued people since they were first observed, and they were the object of considerable research and calculation by the British physicists Osborne Reynolds and Lord Rayleigh, who applied the term cavitation to the process of formation of Because an ultrasonic wave can be used carefully to control cavitation, ultrasound has been a useful tool in the investigation of the The study of cavitation has also provided important information on intermolecular Research is being carried out on aspects of the cavitation process and its A contemporary subject of research involves emission of light as the cavity produced by a high-intensity ultrasonic wave This effect, called sonoluminescence, is believed to create instantaneous temperatures hotter than the surface of the S The speed of propagation of an ultrasonic wave is strongly dependent on the viscosity of the This property can be a useful tool in investigating the viscosity of Because the various parts of a living cell are distinguished by differing viscosities, acoustical microscopy can make use of this property of cells to “see” into living cells, as will be discussed below in Medical Ranging and navigating Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) has extensive marine By sending out pulses of sound or ultrasound and measuring the time required for the pulses to reflect off a distant object and return to the source, the location of that object can be ascertained and its motion This technique is used extensively to locate and track submarines at sea and to locate explosive mines below the surface of the Two boats at known locations can also use triangulation to locate and track a third boat or The distance over which these techniques can be used is limited by temperature gradients in the water, which bend the beam away from the surface and create shadow One of the advantages of ultrasonic waves over sound waves in underwater applications is that, because of their higher frequencies (or shorter wavelengths), the former will travel greater distances with less Ranging has also been used to map the bottom of the ocean, providing depth charts that are commonly used in navigation, particularly near coasts and in shallow Even small boats are now equipped with sonic ranging devices that determine and display the depth of the water so that the navigator can keep the boat from beaching on submerged sandbars or other shallow Modern fishing boats use ultrasonic ranging devices to locate schools of fish, substantially increasing their Even in the absence of visible light, bats can guide their flight and even locate flying insects (which they consume in flight) through the use of sonic Ultrasonic echolocation has also been used in traffic control applications and in counting and sorting items on an assembly Ultrasonic ranging provides the basis of the eye and vision systems for robots, and it has a number of important medical applications (see below) The Doppler effect If an ultrasonic wave is reflected off a moving obstacle, the frequency of the resulting wave will be changed, or Doppler- More specifically, if the obstacle is moving toward the source, the frequency of the reflected wave will be increased; and if the obstacle is moving away from the source, the frequency of the reflected wave will be The amount of the frequency shift can be used to determine the velocity of the moving Just as the Doppler shift for radar, an electromagnetic wave, can be used to determine the speed of a moving car, so can the speed of a moving submarine be determined by the Doppler shift of a sonar An important industrial application is the ultrasonic flow meter, in which reflecting ultrasound off a flowing liquid leads to a Doppler shift that is calibrated to provide the flow rate of the This technique also has been applied to blood flow in Many burglar alarms, both for home use and for use in commercial buildings, employ the ultrasonic Doppler shift Such alarms cannot be used where pets or moving curtains might activate Materials testing Nondestructive testing involves the use of ultrasonic echolocation to gather information on the integrity of mechanical Since changes in the material present an impedance mismatch from which an ultrasonic wave is reflected, ultrasonic testing can be used to identify faults, holes, cracks, or corrosion in materials, to inspect welds, to determine the quality of poured concrete, and to monitor metal Owing to the mechanism by which sound waves propagate in metals, ultrasound can be used to probe more deeply than any other form of Ultrasonic procedures are used to perform in-service inspection of structures in nuclear Structural flaws in materials can also be studied by subjecting the materials to stress and looking for acoustic emissions as the materials are Acoustic emission, the general name for this type of nondestructive study, has developed as a distinct field of High-intensity applications High-intensity ultrasound has achieved a variety of important Perhaps the most ubiquitous is ultrasonic cleaning, in which ultrasonic vibrations are set up in small liquid tanks in which objects are placed for Cavitation of the liquid by the ultrasound, as well as the vibration, create turbulence in the liquid and result in the cleaning Ultrasonic cleaning is very popular for jewelry and has also been used with such items as dentures, surgical instruments, and small Degreasing is often enhanced by ultrasonic Large-scale ultrasonic cleaners have also been developed for use in assembly Ultrasonic machining employs the high-intensity vibrations of a transducer to move a machine If necessary, a slurry containing carborundum grit may be used; diamond tools can also be A variation of this technique is ultrasonic drilling, which makes use of pneumatic vibrations at ultrasonic frequencies in place of the standard rotary drill Holes of virtually any shape can be drilled in hard or brittle materials such as glass, germanium, or Ultrasonic soldering has become important, especially for soldering unusual or difficult materials and for very clean The ultrasonic vibrations perform the function of cleaning the surface, even removing the oxide layer on aluminum so that the material can be Because the surfaces can be made extremely clean and free from the normal thin oxide layer, soldering flux becomes Chemical and electrical uses The chemical effects of ultrasound arise from an electrical discharge that accompanies the cavitation This forms a basis for ultrasound's acting as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, polymerization and depolymerization, and molecular With ultrasound, some chemical processes can be carried out more rapidly, at lower temperatures, or more The ultrasonic delay line is a thin layer of piezoelectric material used to produce a short, precise delay in an electrical The electrical signal creates a mechanical vibration in the piezoelectric crystal that passes through the crystal and is converted back to an electrical A very precise time delay can be achieved by constructing a crystal with the proper These devices are employed in fast electronic timing Medical applications Although ultrasound competes with other forms of medical imaging, such as X-ray techniques and magnetic resonance imaging, it has certain desirable features—for example, Doppler motion study—that the other techniques cannot In addition, among the various modern techniques for the imaging of internal organs, ultrasonic devices are by far the least Ultrasound is also used for treating joint pains and for treating certain types of tumours for which it is desirable to produce localized A very effective use of ultrasound deriving from its nature as a mechanical vibration is the elimination of kidney and bladder Diagnosis Much medical diagnostic imaging is carried out with X Because of the high photon energies of the X ray, this type of radiation is highly ionizing—that is, X rays are readily capable of destroying molecular bonds in the body tissue through which they This destruction can lead to changes in the function of the tissue involved or, in extreme cases, its One of the important advantages of ultrasound is that it is a mechanical vibration and is therefore a nonionizing form of Thus, it is usable in many sensitive circumstances where X rays might be Also, the resolution of X rays is limited owing to their great penetrating ability and the slight differences between soft Ultrasound, on the other hand, gives good contrast between various types of soft Ultrasonic scanning in medical diagnosis uses the same principle as Pulses of high-frequency ultrasound, generally above one megahertz, are created by a piezoelectric transducer and directed into the As the ultrasound traverses various internal organs, it encounters changes in acoustic impedance, which cause The amount and time delay of the various reflections can be analyzed to obtain information regarding the internal In the B-scan mode, a linear array of transducers is used to scan a plane in the body, and the resultant data is displayed on a television screen as a two-dimensional The A-scan technique uses a single transducer to scan along a line in the body, and the echoes are plotted as a function of This technique is used for measuring the distances or sizes of internal The M-scan mode is used to record the motion of internal organs, as in the study of heart Greater resolution is obtained in ultrasonic imaging by using higher frequencies—, shorter A limitation of this property of waves is that higher frequencies tend to be much more strongly Because it is nonionizing, ultrasound has become one of the staples of obstetric During the process of drawing amniotic fluid in testing for birth defects, ultrasonic imaging is used to guide the needle and thus avoid damage to the fetus or surrounding Ultrasonic imaging of the fetus can be used to determine the date of conception, to identify multiple births, and to diagnose abnormalities in the development of the Ultrasonic Doppler techniques have become very important in diagnosing problems in blood In one technique, a three-megahertz ultrasonic beam is reflected off typical oncoming arterial blood with a Doppler shift of a few kilohertz—a frequency difference that can be heard directly by a Using this technique, it is possible to monitor the heartbeat of a fetus long before a stethoscope can pick up the Arterial diseases such as arteriosclerosis can also be diagnosed, and the healing of arteries can be monitored following A combination of B-scan imaging and Doppler imaging, known as duplex scanning, can identify arteries and immediately measure their blood flow; this has been extensively used to diagnose heart valve Using ultrasound with frequencies up to 2,000 megahertz, which has a wavelength of 75 micrometre in soft tissues (as compared with a wavelength of about 55 micrometre for light), ultrasonic microscopes have been developed that rival light microscopes in their The distinct advantage of ultrasonic microscopes lies in their ability to distinguish various parts of a cell by their Also, because they require no artificial contrast mediums, which kill the cells, acoustic microscopy can study actual living Therapy and surgery Because ultrasound is a mechanical vibration and can be well focused at high frequencies, it can be used to create internal heating of localized tissue without harmful effects on nearby This technique can be employed to relieve pains in joints, particularly in the back and Also, research is now being carried out in the treatment of certain types of cancer by local heating, since focusing intense ultrasonic waves can heat the area of a tumour while not significantly affecting surrounding Trackless surgery—that is, surgery that does not require an incision or track from the skin to the affected area—has been developed for several Focused ultrasound has been used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease by creating brain lesions in areas that are inaccessible to traditional A common application of this technique is the destruction of kidney stones with shock waves formed by bursts of focused In some cases, a device called an ultrasonic lithotripter focuses the ultrasound with the help of X-ray guidance, but a more common technique for destruction of kidney stones, known as endoscopic ultrasonic disintegration, uses a small metal rod inserted through the skin to deliver ultrasound in the 22- to 30-kilohertz frequency Infrasonics The term infrasonics refers to waves of a frequency below the range of human hearing—, below about 20 Such waves occur in nature in earthquakes, waterfalls, ocean waves, volcanoes, and a variety of atmospheric phenomena such as wind, thunder, and weather Calculating the motion of these waves and predicting the weather using these calculations, among other information, is one of the great challenges for modern high-speed TableAircraft, automobiles, or other rapidly moving objects, as well as air handlers and blowers in buildings, also produce substantial amounts of infrasonic Studies have shown that many people experience adverse reactions to large intensities of infrasonic frequencies, developing headaches, nausea, blurred vision, and On the other hand, a number of animals are sensitive to infrasonic frequencies, as indicated in the T It is believed by many zoologists that this sensitivity in animals such as elephants may be helpful in providing them with early warning of earthquakes and weather It has been suggested that the sensitivity of birds to infrasound aids their navigation and even affects their One of the most important examples of infrasonic waves in nature is in Three principal types of earthquake wave exist: the S-wave, a transverse body wave; the P-wave, a longitudinal body wave; and the L-wave, which propagates along the boundary of stratified L-waves, which are of great importance in earthquake engineering, propagate in a similar way to water waves, at low velocities that are dependent on S-waves are transverse body waves and thus can only be propagated within solid bodies such as P-waves are longitudinal waves similar to sound waves; they propagate at the speed of sound and have large When P-waves propagating from the epicentre of an earthquake reach the surface of the Earth, they are converted into L-waves, which may then damage surface The great range of P-waves makes them useful in identifying earthquakes from observation points a great distance from the In many cases, the most severe shock from an earthquake is preceded by smaller shocks, which provide advance warning of the greater shock to Underground nuclear explosions also produce P-waves, allowing them to be monitored from any point in the world if they are of sufficient The reflection of man-made seismic shocks has helped to identify possible locations of oil and natural-gas Distinctive rock formations in which these minerals are likely to be found can be identified by sonic ranging, primarily at infrasonic
'08 Paris[ Lay Language Paper Index | Press Room ] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Accurate measurement of distance and velocity using ultrasonic wavesShinnosuke Hirata - jp Department of Information Processing Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology G2-32, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan Minoru Kuribayashi Kurosawa (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan) Takashi Katagiri (Sutekina I, Japan) Popular version of paper 1pSPb6 Presented Monday Afternoon, June 30, 2008 Acoustics '08 Paris, Palais des Congrès, Paris, FranceBats use echolocation for environment That is, they use reflected sound waves to measure the distance, the velocity, and the scale of insects or Echolocation includes broadcasting ultrasonic waves and then perceiving echoes reflected from the surface of the T echnological application of echolocation using ultrasonic sensors has been studied and used for environment recognition in autonomous mobile robots, because of two advantages: the advantage of ultrasonic waves which can easily reflect from structures, and the advantage of ultrasonic sensors which are cheap, small, and The method of distance measurement using ultrasonic waves is based on the pulse-echo method, which determines the distance of an object by measurement of time-of-flight (TOF), as illustrated in Figure The TOF is the interval from transmission of an ultrasonic pulse to reception of an echo re flected from the The distance is calculated from the product of the TOF and the acoustic Fig 1: Distance measurement by the pulse-echo The method of velocity measurement using ultrasonic waves is based on the pulse-Doppler When the object is moving, due to the Doppler effect introduced by the motion of the object, the reflected echo is Doppler- The frequency of Doppler-shifted echo is increased or decreased in proportion to the velocity of the Therefore, the pulse-Doppler method determines the velocity of the object by measurement of increase or decrease in the frequency, as illustrated in Figure 2 Fig 2: Velocity measurement by the pulse-Doppler Furthermore, the TOF of the Doppler-shifted echo in Figure 2 is different from the TOF of the echo in Figure The TOF is also Doppler-shifted in proportion to the velocity of the Velocity measurement with high resolution and calibration of the Doppler-shifted TOF is required to measure an accurate distance to the However, frequency analysis by the Fourier transform cannot measure the velocity with high resolution ( velocity resolution: 85 m/s at the window of the Fourier transform : 10 ms) In the proposed method of distance and velocity measurement, two LPM (Linear-period modulated) ultrasonic waves are continuously The period of the LPM signal linearly increases with time as illustrated in Figure 3 The received signal, which includes the reflected echo, is correlated with the LPM signal, which is a cross-correlation operation, as illustrated in Figure 4 Cross-correlation operation is the method for effective improvement of the resolution of the TOF The cross-correlation function of the reflected echo, two continuous LPM signals, and the LPM signal has two The first peak of the cross-correlation function shows the Doppler-shifted TOF, and the interval of the first peak and the second peak shows the length of the LPM signal The length is also Doppler-shifted in proportion to the velocity of the Therefore, the velocity can be calculated from the Doppler-shifted The proposed method can measure the distance and the velocity of the object with high resolution because of high sampling frequency of signal processing (, velocity resolution: 005 m/s at sampling frequency: 5 MHz) Fig 3: The linear-period modulated Fig 4: Design of the proposed method of distance and velocity measurement by transmitting two continuous LPM The measured velocities and their errors, which are examined by computer simulation, are illustrated in Figure The velocity of the object can be measured with high resolution by the proposed By calibrating the Doppler-shifted TOF with the measured velocity , the distance of the moving object can be accurately measured Fig 5: The velocities and their errors measured by the proposed