16Mn low-alloy steel structural steel, welding performance is very good, generally used by the J50 TIG welding wire, hand welding with J506, J507, J422, such as welding Range This technology is applicable to general industrial and civil construction projects in the steel structure production and installation of hand-Arc Welding Construction preparations 1 materials and major equipment: 1 welding electrodes: its choice of models according to design requirements, we must have quality Welding, as required prior to Prohibited the use of drugs shedding skin, core rusty welding No design requirements, welding steel Q235 to choose E43 series of structural steel welding rod, welding 16 Mn steel to choose E50 series of low-alloy steel welding rod, welding important structure to use low-hydrogen electrode (alkaline electrode) Brochures on the request of baking, Add to Baowen Tong, with the use of Acidic and alkaline electrode electrode not mixed 2 arc plate: groove connection required arc plate, arc-type material and groove with the welding of the 3 major equipment: welding machine (TAC, DC), the welding line, welding clamp, face masks, Xiaochui, electrode oven, the electrode Baowen Tong, wire brush, stone cotton cloth, such as temperature 2 operating conditions 1 familiar with the drawings, done welding technology J 2 before welding welder certification should check the expiration date, should prove welder to take the welding 3 spot welding power supply should meet the electricity 4 ambient temperature below 0 ℃, the preheating, after the hot temperature should be determined in accordance with technology Operation of 1 Process Operating ready → Arc Welding (-welding, welding, Wang welding, Yang welding) → weld inspection 2 arc welding steel structure: 1-welding 1 choose the right welding process, welding rod diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, welding technology through pilot 2 liquidation Welded Joints: welding inspection groove, the assembly space to meet the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around the oil pollution may be, of 3 baking electrode should meet the required temperature and time, remove from the oven in the electrode, on the electrode Baowen Tong, with the use of 4 welding current: According to the thickness of welding, welding level, electrode models, diameter, welder proficiency and other factors, select suitable welding 5 arc: Kok point arc welding ups and downs in the weld should end, to more than 10 mm, should not be casually playing arc, tinder-igniting immediately after the electrode from the seam zone will be opened so that the electrode and components Inter 2 ~ 4 mm to maintain a gap Butt Weld and docking and the combination of angle to weld, located at both ends of the arc-welding leads and board, must arc welding to the board after the arc welding, half-way joint weld joints should be in the front 15 ~ 20mm igniting the tinder, welding pieces after preheating will return to weld electrode at the beginning of the pool to fill the requirements of thickness, before welding 6 welding speed: isokinetic welding requirements to ensure that weld thickness, width uniform, masks, read from the pool of molten iron slag and maintain equidistance (2 ~ 3 mm) 7 welding arc length: electrode under different models identified, the general requirements of the same arc length stability, acid electrode is generally 3 ~ 4 mm, alkaline electrode is generally suitable 2 ~ 3 8 welding angle: According to weld the two pieces of the thickness determined that welding two 000-point, first welding electrode and the direction of the angle to 60 ~ 75 °; electrode and the second is the angle between two welding about the situation When welding pieces of equal thickness, the angle between the electrode and welding pieces are 45 °; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick pieces of angle between the side should be more than welding electrode and thinner pieces of angle between the side of 9 to arc: each seam welded to the end, the hole should be filled arc, to welding direction opposite direction with arc, arc welding, Hang left inside to prevent the arc Hang bite of Welding completed, should be used with arc-gas cutting and grinding formation, while the use hammer 10-Java: The whole of welding seam after removal of slag, the welder self-inspection (including the appearance and weld size, ) is no problem, before relocation to 2 welding: basic operation and the process of welding the same level, but should pay attention to the following questions: 1 under the same conditions, welding power than small-welding current 10 percent to 15 2 use of short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2 ~ 3 3 perspective based on welding electrode thickness Welding two pieces of equal thickness, the electrode and the electrode around the direction of both the angle between 45 °; two pieces of thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick pieces of angle between the side of the thin side should be larger than the Electrode with the vertical plane formed 60 ° ~ 80 ° angle, slightly upward arc, toward pool 4 to arc: When welding to the end, the arc of a row pits will fill the arc, the arc moved to the central pool stopped Prohibited the arc Hang left In order to prevent bites of meat, should be suppressed transform arc welding rod angle so that the welding rod and welded pieces of vertical or slightly down from the arc Wang welding 3: basic and same-welding, welding current conditions compared with the current small-welding of 10% to 15%, Arc-2 ~ 4 Electrode perspective, Wang when welding electrode should Tilt Down, for their point of 70 ° ~ 80 °, to prevent hot metal According to weld the two pieces of different thickness, can be properly adjusted electrode perspective, with the welding electrode to the direction of 70 ° ~ 90 ° Yang welding 4: basic and welding, Wang welding the same, the electrode and welding pieces of angle and thickness of the welding, and welding electrode into the direction of 70 ° ~ 80 ° angle,宜用small current, short arc 3 winter low temperature welding: 1 in the environmental conditions of temperature below 0 ℃ under the Arc, in addition to compliance with the relevant provisions of ambient temperature welding, welding process parameters should be adjusted so that the weld and heat-affected zone slow Wind over four, the wind should take measures to cool after welding of the joints, should be avoided encounter snow and 2 welded steel structure in order to prevent cracks, should be preheated, preheat to control the temperature between When the temperature in the workplace 0 ℃ below, the process should be carried out tests to ascertain preheating appropriate, after the hot Quality Standards 1 ensure that the project 1 welding materials should be consistent with the design requirements and the relevant standards, should check the quality certificates and baking 2 The welder must pass the examination, inspection welder corresponding welding conditions of certification and testing 3 Ⅰ, Ⅱ-Weld must be approved by the detection test, and should meet the design requirements and construction standards and inspection requirements, inspection Weld Inspection 4 Weld surface Ⅰ, Ⅱ-weld should not crack, of welding, Shaochuan, pits and other defects Ⅱ-Weld may be the surface pores, slag, the arc pits, cracks, scratches and other defects arc, and weld Ⅰ level may be biting edge, not for welding 2 basic items 1 Weld Appearance: Weld uniform appearance, welding, and welding, welding and smooth transition between the basic metals, welding slag and flying purge 2 surface porosity: Ⅰ, Ⅱ-Weld does not allow; Ⅲ-weld seam length of each 50 mm in diameter, allowing ≤ 4 t; and ≤ 3 mm stomatal 2; ≤ 6 times the distance between stomatal 3 biting edge: Ⅰ-Weld does not Ⅱ-Weld: bite-depth ≤ 05 t, and ≤ 5 mm, for the length of ≤ 100 mm, and both sides of bite-chief of ≤ 10% weld Ⅲ-Weld: bite-depth ≤ Lt, and ≤ Note; t joining the thinner the 3 to allow deviation project Weld Ms high b <20 5 ~ 2 5 ~ 5 5 ~ 5 1 Butt Weld (mm) b ≥ 20 5 ~ 3 5 ~ 5 0 ~ 5 to <1 t and <1 t and <1 t and welding more than 0 of not more than 0 of not more than 0 welding angle size hf ≤ 6 0 ~ +5 weld seam 2 Kok (mm) hf> 6 0 ~ +3 of Weld Ms high hf ≤ 6 0 ~ +5 Regulation (mm) hf> 6 0 ~ +3 seized three T-shaped joint weld combination , Cross joints, joint angle> t / 4 check welding angle from the size of the weight ≥ 50 t, mid-level working crane beam T-shaped connector t / 2 and ≯ 10 Note: b width for Weld, t joining the thinner the thickness, hf for welding angle Product Protection Not allowed to hit 1 hit after welding joints, not just to the End of steel welding on the Low temperature should take measures to alleviate the 2 arbitrarily not be allowed outside the base metal in the weld on the 3 various components correction may be good after welding, and not free to move Sizing Block and Kaju, a component size to prevent Concealed parts of Weld must apply for concealed End acceptance procedures only after the next, hidden 4 low-temperature welding slag not immediately clear, and so should cool down after the Should pay attention to the quality problems Size exceed 1 to allow deviation: Weld length and width, width, thickness inadequate, the centerline offset, bending, and other deviations, should strictly control the welding parts of the relative position of size, rear-qualified welding, welding operation at 2 weld cracks: To prevent cracking, should be selected for the welding process parameters and welding procedures to avoid using high-current, do not suddenly off, weld joints should take 10 ~ 15 mm, welding in the wood allow moving, percussion welding P 3 surface porosity: electrode to the required temperature and time for baking, welding region must clean up, welding process of choosing the appropriate welding current, lower welding speed so that the pool of gas entirely Weld slag 4: multi-layers of welding should be clean welding slag removal, transport operators should be correct, appropriate Note the direction of the flow of slag, a basic electrode, on the need to remain in the slog slog Records
我考，16MnR焊接性很好，还研究个皮啊
英文文献查找的具体操作方法如下：工具：华硕A555l系统：win71、首先百度搜索中国知网，点击打开中国知网的官网链接。2、接下来在新出现的界面中，搜索想要的英文文献。3、下一步找到需要下载的对象，如果没问题就确定跳转。4、这样看到对应的内容，即可查外文文献了。
知网好像不行哦
打开本地的图书馆网站下载。打开图书馆网站后再打开Springerlink。再打开远程站点入口。点击进去后就可以搜文献了。外文文献指的是非国内出版的文献数据案例，国内刊物基本都是带cn刊号的。
这个要购买重冲值卡的
去中国期刊网搜搜吧，有不能下载的找我。
WERWE根据我搜集的一些网站来看，建议看看这个，要做毕业论文以及毕业设计的，推荐一个网站 ，里面的毕业设计什么的全是优秀的，因为精挑细选的，网上很少有，都是相当不错的毕业论文和毕业设计，对毕业论文的写作有很大的参考价值，希望对你有所帮助。别的相关范文很多的，推荐一些比较好的范文写作网站，希望对你有帮助，这些精选的范文网站，里面有大量的范文，也有各种文章写作方法，注意事项，应该有适合你的，自己动手找一下，可不要照搬啊，参考一下，用自己的语言写出来那才是自己的。 如果你不是校园网的话，请在下面的网站找：毕业论文网： 分类很细 栏目很多毕业论文： 毕业设计： 开题报告： 实习论文： 写作指导：
专家系统在焊接领域的应用 专家系统; 焊接; 设备故障;【英文关键词】Expert system; welding; failure of equipment;【摘要】介绍了专家系统的概念、结构、开发工具和建立方法,以及专家系统在焊接领域的应用。专家系统在焊接领域的应用涵盖焊接工艺设计或选择、焊接缺陷或设备故障诊断、焊接成本估算、实时控制、焊接CAD和焊工考试等。【英文摘要】The concept,configuration,developing tool,establishing method and application in welding industry of expert system are The application of expert system in welding industry coveres the design or selection of welding process,diagnosis of weld discontinues or failure of equipment,estimation of welding cost,real time control,welding CAD and examination for welding 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:DHJI2005-10-006【更新日期】2005-12-24【分类号】TP182;【正文快照】前言专家系统是智能控制中的一种。智能控制工程是随着工业自动化的发展而提出的。工业发展的过程经历了劳动密集型、设备密集型、信息密集型和知识密集型等几个阶段。工业自动化始终贯穿其中,自动控制理论已从以传函、频域分析为基础,研究单输入单输出的经典控制理论,发展到以
相关资料文献7篇，下载链接已发送到百度消息，请查收。
你这是国标的牌号吧？你要转成国外的牌号，然后在网上搜搜。另外差不多就行，毕业论文都是这样。免费的网上肯定有，只不过水平高低而已，不要被人坑了。
我考，16MnR焊接性很好，还研究个皮啊
第一步、首先，如下图所示，先将第一个参考文献写好，光标放置在文献前。第二步、点击图示位置处的编号库，在下拉菜单中选择“定义新编号格式”。第三步、在弹出的窗口中修改编号格式，此处按照一般的参考文献编号格式进行修改，改为"[1]"，对齐方式按照自己喜好选择，然后点击确定。得到的效果图如下。第四步、接着就可以编辑第二个参考文献。在编辑完成后，将参考文献的标注加到对应的正文中。首先将光标放置在要插入的位置，然后选择插入-->交叉引用。在弹出的对话框中选择你要插入的引用文献。第五步、选择好后点击插入，即可得到如下效果图，最后选中"[1]"，然后选择开始-->上标，得到上标形式标注。接下来按照这个步骤操作即可。
参考文献一般可以选择去当地的图书馆或者是档案馆来寻找，毕竟这两个地方相应的参考文献是最全的
如何自动生成参考文献
编写论文时，如何在word中标注参考文献？