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药物分析英文文献怎么写

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药物分析英文文献怎么写

这是论文With China - ASEAN Free Trade Area of the building to speed up the process, China and ASEAN countries to deepen economic and trade In July this year from China - ASEAN Free Trade Area tariff reduction scheme to start, with the exception of tariff reduction has been implemented in 2004 the "Early Harvest Program" involved a small number of sensitive products and products, the two sides about the other 7000 products of tariff items To 2010, China and Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, 6 months old members of ASEAN will be eliminated tariffs on most products; Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam, and four new ASEAN members will enjoy the 5-year multi - transition period, to 2015, the ten countries of ASEAN and China to achieve a more than 8 billion population, the economy a total of 4 trillion US dollars, mainly from developing countries of the world's largest free trade First, China - ASEAN trade between the status quo of China's bilateral trade with ASEAN continued to enlarge, the ASEAN since 1993 has been for 12 years to become the fifth largest economy of our (A) the expansion of trade, the trade deficit According to customs statistics, in 2000, China's trade with ASEAN to enlarge, 2004年进出口额88 billion US dollars, compared to 2000 7-fold, growth rate of 8 1 October this year, the amount of import and export 24 billion US dollars, the same period last year (the same below) 4% Trade deficit in 2000 from 84 billion US dollars in 2004 rose to 08 billion US dollars, an increase of 1 times; 1 October this year trade deficit of 52 billion US dollars, ASEAN is China's international balance of payments deficit of the major Since 2004, China's trade deficit with ASEAN accounted for the proportion of the total bilateral trade has (B) "China - the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between trade in goods agreement" between the formal implementation contribute to bilateral July 20 this year, "China - the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement for Trade in Goods," the official implementation, which means that the next 5 to 10 years in China on the origin of products and services at lower tariffs, quota-free market, as well as other further improve the access conditions, the smooth access to both 1 October this year, China's exports to ASEAN cumulative 78 billion US dollars, an increase of up to 4%, than the same period China's exports increased by 3 percentage points higher than that ; imported 45 billion US dollars, an increase of 4%, higher than the growth rate of China's imports of 7 percentage points; demonstrated both markets a broad space for Among them, Indonesia, Thailand exported 88 billion US dollars and 54 billion US dollars, an increase of more than 5 into; to Vietnam exports 28 billion US dollars, an increase of more than four Since the Philippines, Laos, as import growth more than 5, since the import of Myanmar into more than At the same time, trade show significant concentration of country characteristics, in October this year, 1 China and Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, import and export of the four countries were 27 billion US dollars, 58 billion US dollars, 18 billion US dollars and 97 billion US dollars, respectively accounting for 7% of the total bilateral trade, 1 8%, 5% and 4%, and Laos, Brunei, Cambodia, and Myanmar's trade volume, but increased the overall (C) China's trade with ASEAN complementarities and competitive at the same 1 January, 2004, the "China - ASEAN Free Trade Area Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation" under the early harvest program was implemented at the same time and Thailand signed the "Sino-Thai agreement fruits and vegetables," into the "Early Harvest" program执行 China - ASEAN Free Trade Area of the initial completed, China's market potential, cheap labor, product strengths and strong production capacity and the ASEAN have to rely on in our country, and the need to import the resource-rich combination of complementary and mutually beneficial bilateral trade to achieve , compete with each other to achieve long-term profit Agricultural trade opportunities and challenges in addition to mechanical and electrical products, agricultural trade between China and ASEAN trade home the China and ASEAN countries both varieties of the same quality slightly Morrison, lagging behind the harvest season, the weak competitiveness of tropical fruits, the ASEAN countries also need high-quality production of rice, palm oil, such as cocoa and China's large-span as a result of latitude, temperate, subtropical fruit, maize and vegetables, tea leaves rich in these commodities or the lack of the ASEAN countries is the high cost of production, the price is much higher than the Chinese market for Chinese products to enter the ASEAN market, a vast With zero tariffs after the implementation of step-by-step plan, the two sides in the competition in agricultural trade benefits to be different in 2004, China's imports of agricultural products from ASEAN, 62 billion US dollars, representing 1 percent growth in 2003; over the same period China's exports of agricultural products 95 billion US dollars, down 7% 1 October this year, China's imports from ASEAN agricultural products 01 billion US dollars, down 2%; exports of 86 billion US dollars, an increase of 5% Specific varieties, from 1 to 10 this year, I export vegetables to ASEAN 380 million US dollars, an increase of 2% Tea exports 6585 tons, an increase of 8%, ASEAN has become China's tea exports to other markets after the disruption of the region's fastest rate of Complementary trade has greatly enriched the bilateral domestic market China's trade with ASEAN imports and exports of raw materials there is an obvious Exports to ASEAN countries, or higher production costs of goods at home and abroad mainly big difference, such as steel, and oil Due to substantial growth in domestic steel production, product supply, excess production to rely on export markets to absorb, and the ASEAN countries, relatively high cost of steel production, production capacity for China's steel exports will provide a broad market 1 October this year, China's steel exports to ASEAN countries, the total 638 million tons, an increase of 7% At the same time, the international market due to rapid increases in refined oil prices and China's refined oil pricing mechanism constraints, the international oil price this year is much higher than the domestic market, therefore a large number of China's refined oil exports in October this year, 1 to my ASEAN exports 5,776,000 tons of oil products , valued at 73 billion US dollars, up 31%, respectively, and 1% At the same time, as a result of China's rapid economic development, shortage of domestic supply, production of raw materials and energy gap, and will require a lot of China's imports from ASEAN are mainly crude oil, refined oil, plastic raw materials, natural rubber, such as iron ore and According to statistics,

【格式】[序号]作者书名[M]出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码[5]Gill,RMasteringEnglishLiterature[M]London:Macmillan,1985:42-这是参考文献的格式。严格来说,你那个还少了出版年限以及参考页码。因为word有自动检查拼写和语法,它会用红色波形下划线表示可能的拼写错误,用绿色波形下划线表示可能的语法错误。因为Tsinghua不在词库里面,所以会判断为拼写错误。另外,因为标点符号后你没有空一格,所以会有绿色线。

药物分析英文文献

我们本校的本科生就上过人民卫生出版社的《药学英语》下册,据老师说面试的时候就拿篇文献让你中翻英、英翻中一下之类的吧。我觉得还是平时做实验,做毕设的时候多看英语文献是王道啊。

药物分析学的英文:pharmacoanalysis

药物分析杂志英文版怎么样写

药理学分析杂志。望采纳,谢谢

SCI、EI、SSCI的区别

体内药物分析英文文献

医多维医药文献检索是基于pubmed数据库的优势结合健数的大数据处理技术研发而成医学文献检索数据库,收录3000多万篇医学类文献。它继承了pubmed的检索语法与语义转换功能,使得检索结果与其基本一致。同时为了延续用户习惯,在引入中文翻译的同时,保留了检索界面与详情界面与pubmed的一致性,让用户更为便捷地查询医药类信息。

体内样品分析常用的方法有免疫分析法和色谱分析法 。免疫分析法是基于抗体与抗原或半抗原之间的高选择性反应而建立起来的一种生物化学分析法。具有很高的选择性和很低的检出限,可以应用于测定各种抗原、半抗原或抗体。免疫分析法分为荧光免疫法、发光免疫法、酶免疫法及电化学免疫法等非放射免疫法和放射免疫法,测定的量可以达到μg甚至ng的水平。这些分析方法多配有专用设备和试剂,操作相对简便,适合常规实验室使用,多应用临床治疗药物监测。色谱分析包括:气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS、LC-MS)等,这些方法适用于复杂样品中微量药物的专属准确定量,多用于药代动力学研究。 由于体内样品取样量少、药物浓度低、内源性物质的干扰(如无机盐、脂质、蛋白质、代谢物)及个体差异等多种因素影响体内样品测定,为了保证方法的可靠性,必须在建立体内样品分析方法的同时对方法进行验证。(一)特异性必须证明所测定的物质是原形药物或特定的活性代谢物,内源性物质和相应的代谢物及同时服用的其他药物不得干扰样品的测定。对于色谱法至少要提供6个不同来源的空白体内样品色谱图、空白体内样品外加标准物质色谱图(注明浓度)及用药后的体内样品色谱图。(二)标准曲线与线性范围根据所测定物质的浓度与响应的相关性,用回归分析方法获得标准曲线。标准曲线的高低浓度范围为线性范围,在线性范围内浓度测定结果应达到试验要求的精密度和准确度。必须用至少6个浓度建立标准曲线,应使用与待测样品相同的生物介质,线性范围要能覆盖全部待测浓度,不允许将线性范围外推求算未知样品的浓度。建立标准曲线时应随行空白体内样品,但标准曲线不包括零点。标准曲线上各浓度点的实测值与标示值的偏差(bias)在可接受范围内时,可判定标准曲线合格。偏差可按下式计算:式中,回归值系将各浓度点的响应值代人标准曲线计算所得的浓度值;标示值系指制备标准曲线时,各相应浓度点的配制浓度。标准曲线上各浓度点偏差的可接受范围一般规定为:最低浓度点的偏差在±20%以内,在其余各浓度点的偏差在±15%以内。只有合格的标准曲线才能用于临床待测样品的浓度计算。当线性范围较宽时,推荐采用加权最小二乘法(weighted least square method)进行同归计算。(三)定量下限定量下限(LLOQ)是标准曲线上的最低浓度点,:要求至少能满足测定3~5个半衰期时样品中的药物浓度,或Cmax的1/10~1/20时的药物浓度,其准确度应在真实浓度的80%~120%范围内。RSD应小于20%,S/N应大于应由至少5个标准样品测试结果证明。(四)精密度与准确度要求选择高、中、低3个浓度的质控(quality control,QC)样品同时进行方法的精密度和准确度验证。其中,低浓度接近定量下限(lower limit of quantitation,LLOQ),在LLOQ的3倍以内;高浓度接近标准曲线的上限(即定量上限,upper limit of quantitation,ULOQ),中间选一个浓度,每一浓度至少测定5个样品。精密度用QC样品的批内(intra-batch)和批间(inter-batch)RSD表示,RSD一般应小于15%,在LLOQ附近应小于20%在测定批内RSD时,每一浓度至少制备并测定5个样品。为获得批间RSD应至少在不同天连续制备并测定3个分析批,至少45个样品。准确度是指用特定方法测得的体内样品浓度与真实浓度的接近程度,一般应在85%~115%范围内,在LLOQ附近应在80%~120%范围内。(五)样品稳定性根据具体情况,对含药体内样品在室温、冰冻和冻融条件下以及不同存放时间进行稳定性考察,以确定体内样品的存放条件和时间。还应注意考查储备液的稳定性以及样品处理后的溶液中分析物的稳定性,以保证测试结果的准确性和重现性。(六)提取回收率应考察高、中、低3个浓度的提取回收率。其结果应一致、精密和可重现。(七)质控样品质控(QC)样品系将已知量的待测药物加入到生物介质中配制的样品,用于质量控制。(八)质量控制应在体内样品分析方法验证完成之后开始测试未知体内样品,每个样品一般测定一次,必要时进行复测。每个分析批均应建立相应的标准曲线,并随行测定高、中、低3个浓度的QC样品,每个浓度至少双样本。并应均匀分布在未知样品测试顺序中。当一个分析批中未知样品数目较多时,应增加各浓度QC样品数,使QC样品数大于未知样品总数的5%,QC样品数的增加以组(高、中、低3个浓度)为单位。QC样品测定结果的可接受标准为:偏差应小于15%,低浓度点偏差应小于20%,最多允许1/3不在同一浓度的QC样品结果超限。如QC样品测定结果不符合上述要求,则该分析批未知样品测试结果作废。浓度高于ULOQ的未知体内样品,应采用相应的空白介质稀释后重新测定。(九)测试结果应详细描述所用的分析方法,引用已有的参考文献,提供每个分析批的标准曲线、质控样品及未知样品的测试结果及计算过程。还应提供全部未知样品分析的色谱图,包括全部相关的标准曲线、质控样品的色谱图,以供审查。 (一)治疗药物监测的对象对于治疗安全浓度范围窄、治疗剂量与中毒剂量接近、毒副作用强、具有非线性药代动力学特征、长期使用药效和毒性不明确、以及联合用药可能发生相互作用的药物,通常都应当进行监测。应当进行治疗药物监测的药物包括部分抗癫痫药、抗心律失常药、强心苷类药、抗生素、抗精神病药、抗哮喘药、抗恶性肿瘤药和一些解热镇痛药,如表7-1所示。部分应当进行治疗药物监测的药物的治疗浓度范围和中毒浓度,如表7-2所示。治疗药物监测示例见第十章第一节“苯巴比妥体内样品的分析。(二)在药代动力学研究中的应用地高辛在临床上用于心衰治疗,其有效浓度(8~0ng/ml)与中毒浓度(>4ng/ml)接近。消除半衰期长,成人的约为36小时、儿童的约为30小时,属一级动力学。地高辛在肠部被吸收,60%~90%以原型经肾小球滤过或肾小管排泌,仅有约10%在体内通过氢化、水解、结合等反应代谢,另有约7%发生肠-肝循环。以毛地黄毒苷为内标,对人血浆和尿液中地高辛浓度LC-MS测定如下。(1)样品处理方法精密吸取血浆0ml,置具塞离心管中,精密加入内标溶液(20ng/ml)50μl,加浓氨水100μl和甲基叔丁基醚0ml,振荡混匀30分钟后,3000×g力离心10分钟,分取有机层,置另一离心管中,在减压离心条件下挥千,残留物用100μl 含25mmol/L醋酸钠的甲醇-水(40:60)流动相溶解,14000×g力离心2分钟,取上清液15μl进行LC-MS分析。尿样用空白血浆按1:10或1:50稀释后照血浆方法处理和测定。(2)色谱和质谱条件色谱柱C8(1mm×50mm,5μm)柱,流动相含25mmol/L醋酸钠的甲醇(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱,流速25ml/电喷雾正离子化,喷雾电压5000V,传输裂解电压250V,干燥氮气温度350℃,流速0L/min,喷雾口气压选择性离子【M+Na】+监测(SIM),m/z分别为4(地高辛)和4(毛地黄毒苷)。(3)测定结果血浆浓度线性范围为05~5ng/ml,应用于人体药代动力学研究,测得女性受试者口服25mg地高辛后的典型血浆浓度-时间曲线如图7-2所示,其尿液48小时累积排泄量为2%。

戊戌数据包含了美国上市药品数据库,欧盟上市药品库,美国橙皮书数据库,ClinicalTrials数据库,欧盟HMA上市药品库,日本橙皮书数据库,日本上市药品库等,有中文,英文,日文检索。

药物分析英文文献类型

不管毕业论文,还是学术论文,有一项必不可少的就是要在文章的最后加上参考文献,为了不影响文章的整体效果,参考文文献的格式还是要注意下的,特别是英文的参考文献格式。下面就来简单的说一下吧。基本格式大概是:[序号] 作者姓名,文章名称,出版处,时间字体的话:新罗马,五号字体(具体以实际投稿处的要求为准)其中需要注意的一点就是引用文章的作者姓名的书写原则,一般采用“名在前,姓在后”,具体格式是“名字的首字母,姓”,例如:QPeter,剩下的作者可以是跟第一作者一样。可以看到很多文献中,第一和其他作者的姓名一样的书写格式。中文名称也是一样的,名字在前,姓在后,如薛青禾即QHXue如:[1] MKumar,TOkazaki,MHiramatsu,YAndo,Carbon 45(2007)[29] H Fakih,S Jacques,M-P Berthet, F Bosselet,O Dezellus,J-CVThe growth of Ti3SiC2 coatings onto SiC by reactive chemical vapor deposition using H 2 and TiCl 4[J] Surface & Coatings T[30] WZLu, DWZuo, MWang, FX Analysis of interlayer between WC–Co and CVD diamond Key Engineering Material, 2008,375-376:p92-

是英文的本身就是没有

如果单纯找外文文献,可以试试OA图书馆,输入关键词即可。

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