嗯……那要看看你的作文的类型或是题目是什么耶……比如如果是关于社会的话，一些专用词就像infrastructure,economy boom,communication system,standard of living,indication of development,proper sanitation等等…… 哇！楼上的真厉害！
高中英语作文常用句型一． 表达观点 What I’d like to point out is that… I’m generally convinced that… We have reasons/every reason to believe that… We can therefore come to the conclusion that… It goes without saying that… As far as I’m concerned, …二． 描绘 According to the picture/chart, we can see/conclude that… As is clearly shown in the picture, … The number/amount of … will rise/show a tendency of… It accounts for… The advantages outweigh the Evidently it has both negative and positive People used to think…, but things are different There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid drop( rise, increase,decrease,fall) in demond (income,population,price) that… The figure (percentage, number,) has nearly (almost, more than,clearly) doubled/tripled, compared with that of…三． 反驳 In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold Besides, we should not neglect the fact that… A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that…四． 解释分析 No one can deny that… It can be easily proved that… One thing which is epually important to what is mentioned above is that… We have every reason to believe that… A number of factors can account for the development in…/popularity of…五． 论证说明 A good case in point is… No one can deny the fact that… There is sufficient evidence to show that… According to the statistics, it can be seen that… It has been illustrated that…六．文章开篇 Recently the problem has been brought into Recently the phenomenon has become a heated Recently the issue has aroused great concern among… Nowadays there is a growing concern over… Faced with …, quite a few people argue that… With the arrival of the information age,… There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for… Some argue/hold that… but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of… Thanks to China’s reform and opening up policy,…七．结尾 It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop… We might do more than identify the cause; it is important to take action to… Whether it is good or not/positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear that… All the evidence support a sound conclusion that…八．其他 It goes without saying that…不用说， 不言而喻 It is universally acknowledged that…大家公认为。。。 The evidence shows that the importance of … can’t be 证据显示。。。重要性再怎么强调也不过分。 ●对比类句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)2) Just , 3) A and B have sth in 4) A is similar to B5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(……也是如此)6) The advantages of A are much greater than B7) compared with B, A has many 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage , it can not compete with B 11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe 12) What people fail to consider is 13) It is one thing to insist , it is quite another to show 14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)15) …has drawbacks as well as 16) A is superior(inferior) to B17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)18) A is just the opposite (to B) 19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)20) …is not the same (as)●过渡性句型： 1) this is true 2) This is true, no doubt, 3) 4) It is one thing ; it is another ●描写图表和数据的句型1) rank first (both) 2) in proportion 3) A is by far the 4) As many 5) The number is imes as much as that of 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last 7) It accounts for 35% 8) By comparison with , it decreased/increased/fell 9) ise rapidly(slowly)10) ain 11) ach 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase /////decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (……在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：1) As can be indicated in the table, 2) As we could find out later， 3) As is revealed in the table，4) As the survey results show，5) This table provides several important points of comparison between，6) The two graphs depict the same thing in 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table, 9) This chart shows that 10) As is shown by the graph, 11) It can be seen from the statistics that 12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ●说明原因的句型:1) There are some/two/many good reasons /to 2) We have two good reasons 3) The reason for is that + 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people , one should be 5) One may think of the trend as a result 6) The change largely results from the fact 7) There are several causes for this significant growth F8) A number of factors could account for the 9) It is no simple task to give the reason for 10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in 11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are 12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher 13) The demand has 14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are 15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices /go //are 16) Different people look in different ●表示不同看法的句型:1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/ Some believe that ; Others argue that :Still others maintain that 2) They are quite different from each other in their 3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to 4) They think quite differently on this 5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to ●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for to do 2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing (有困难做某事)●用于文章开头的句型：1) Faced ; quite a few people argue ; But other people conceive 2) There is a general discussion today about the issue ; Those who object argue that ;They believe ; But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 3) Currently there is a widespread concern 4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize 5) Now it is commonly held that ; they think ; But I doubt 6) Recently the issue has been brought to public 7) One of the great men once said Now more and more people share this 8) Until recently, has been regarded But people are taking a fresh look at 9) S argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes 10) More and more people are realizing /have come to 11) There is no denying/doubt that ●用于文章结尾的句型：1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that 2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on 3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result 4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite The problem should be examined in a new 5) There is no immediate solution to the problem , might be helpful/6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance might be the first step on the right 7) There is little doubt/denying that 8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task quire immediate 9) As far as be concerned, I believe/think that 10) In conclusion,11) In my opinion, I am in favor of 12) Personally, I prefer 13) In short, should learn ; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved 14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion ●用于论证和说明的句型：1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to 2) Our society abounds with the examples of 3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows 4) According to the statistics provided , it can be seen 5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show 6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that 7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact ●常用谚语 (在议论文中):1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides” 2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides” On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your So we should look at the matter from two 3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a ” (有志者事竟成)4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he ”(观其交友,知其为人)5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”(没有苦,就没有甜)●辩论中常用的句型:1) There is no doubt that 2) It is obvious/clear that 3) As is known to all, 4) (It s) no (难怪) He didn t work hard and no wonder he lost his 5) It goes without saying that (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)6) What is more important, 7) I am convinced that (我深信……)
这是我最近总结的一些英语作文经典句型： 1`According to a recent survey 依照最近的一项调查 2`The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3`An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that 越来越多的人开始意识到 4`When it comes to 说到 5`Many experts point out that 许多专家指出 6`There is no denying the fact that 无可否认， 7`In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 8`In the last decades, 在过去的几十年 9`In fact, we have to admit the fact that 事实上，我们必须承认 10`We should spare no effort to beautify our 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 11`For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons: 我同意后者，有如下理由： 12`From what has been discussed above, 通过以上讨论， 13`As for me, I`m in favor of the opinion that 就我而言，我同意 14`From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that 通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论： 注意：想用And时就改成Moreover， Furthermore， Besides， What`s more它们的意思是而且 however是然而 把所有的very 都换成extremely 想说我认为就用As far as I am concerned,…… 去年是要点型作文，如果我没判断失误的话今年应该是对比类或正反类，那就会用到这个：On the other hand,意思是另一方面most students are against the idea大部分学生不同意这一观点 基本就这了，上面这些话能用上一定要用，用上就是分，而且绝对不是一分两分的问题……
bucuo
A Thesis Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B A/B S in ***这是标准的学士学位毕业论文的说法，BA代表文学学士，BS代表理学学士，***处填上专业。
Undergraduate thesis
essay ， paper，或者desertation。
bachelor academic dissertation??
高考英语的百字作文，说的都是小门小事。所谓的高级词汇整得跟 3 岁孩子念总理政府工作报告、小学生拼博士论文似的。看起来很好笑。
句型英语作文常用句型 一、用于驳性和比较性论文 In general, I don’t agree with In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。 The chief reason why… is that… There is no true that… It is not true that… It can be easily denied than… We have no reason to believe that… What is more serious is that… But it is pity that… Besides, we should not neglect that… But the problem is not so Therefore… Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Perhaps I was question why… There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… Though we are in basic agreement with…,but What seems to be the trouble is… Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… What these people fail to consider is that… It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。 The advantages of B are much greater than A。 A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。 二、用于描写图表和数据 It has increased by three times as compared with that of There is an increase of 20% in total this year。 It has been increased by a factor of 4since It would be expected to increase 5 times。 The table shows a three times increase over that of last year。 It was decreased twice than that of the year The total number was lowered by 10%。 It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year。 Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent。 The number is 5 times as much as that of It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文 Everybody knows that… It can be easily proved that… It is true that… No one can deny that One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… The chief reason is that… We must recognize that… There is on doubt that… I am of the opinion that… This can be expressed as follows; To take …for an example… We have reason to believe that Now that we know that… Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… The change in …largely results from the fact that There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… A number of factors could account for the development in… Perhaps the primary reason is… It is chiefly responsible of… The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… Different people observes it in different ways。 四、用于文章的开头 As the proverb says… It goes without saying tan… Generally speaking… It is quite clear than because… It is often said that … Many people often ask such question:“…？” More and more people have come to realize… There is no doubt that… Some people believe that… These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? One great man said that… Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention。 In the past several years there has been… Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… Currently there is a widespread concern that… Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently。[英语作文常用句型]在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？一、开头句型我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．举一反三：1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．举一反三：1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car．2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．举一反三：1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing． 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinesefamilies can afford a car． 随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others ．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：TV，a good thing or bad thingWhen it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．二、结尾句型英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千篇一律的文章来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学习中注意多总结，以使自己的写作水平更上一层楼。单词和短语moreover(另外）, meanwhile（同时）, at the same time（同时） in the other words（换句话说）, in a word（总之）, in my opinion（在我看来）, besides（另外）, firstly（第一）, secondly（第二）, thirdly（第三），however（然而）although/though(虽然）but（但是）because（因为）这些是比较常用的简单一些关联词I am looking forward to hearing from （盼望收到你的来信）I am looking forward to your （盼望你的到来。）first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides ,in addtion ,finally
1． It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to 2． 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules 3． "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"（very+形容词）He was all gentleness to 4． 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a 5． "something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似’’They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a 6． 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那般的父亲"。Those pigs of girls eat so 7． as…as…can（may）beIt is as plain as plain can 8． "It is in（with）…as in（with）"It is in life as in a 9． "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt 10．"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it 11．"to make…of"的译法（使……成为……，把……当作）I will make a scientist of my 12． oo…+不定式"，not（never）too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式She is too angry to 13． only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready（apt） +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your 除此之外，还有很多很多~~~主要是靠自己平时的积累
太多啦，最简单的就是英汉词汇对比啊，同一个词或同一类词在英语和汉语中的意思是有区别的，比如数词，颜色词，动物词，等等；也可以写词汇教学，比如中小学如何教授词汇的方法；比较难的是词汇构成，那个比较抽象。
词的理据 众所周知，语言包括语音、词汇和语法三个部分。英国语义学家乌尔曼在承认语言符号的任意性前提下，提出词的理据性，指出每一种语言里都包含一定程度理据的词语。语言的理据是相对其任意性而言,是指语言符号的能指与所指之间有一种自然的联系，两者的结合是有理可据的。词的理据指事物和现象获得名称的依据。本论文通过对词的理据性分析及举例,将有助于外语学习,尤其是对词汇的掌握和理解。词的理据分为：拟声理据、语义理据、逻辑理据。Ⅰ．onomatopoeic motivation 英语中有些词是通过声音的模仿构成的，这种构词称为 Stephen Ullmann把拟声构词分为两种。 1、primary onomatopoeia：鸟兽之类动物的叫声也属于这一范畴例如：Apes gibber Asses bray 2、secondary onomatopoeia：指音与某种象征性的意义发生联想。例如:词的前半部分辅音连缀sl-含有滑(slippery)的意义，如 slide， slip， slither， slush等。Ⅱsemantic motivation 语义理据是一种心理联想，措词义的引申和比喻。以下列举几种： 1、metaphor例如： All the world's a stage．（Shakespeare） 2、metonymy英语中往往用一个词代表整个事件或整个背景，这也是一种借代方式。在现代英美报刊中常见到以地名或国名代表整个事件。例如：The current situation is different from Czechoslovakia in They agreed to put pressure on the negotiations for progress on B Look Back in Anger（John Osborne's play）coincided with rock-'n'-roll， Suez and H 3、synecdoche 例如：以Wall Street（美国纽约市的一条街）代表美国垄断资本，以Bonn代表西德政府 4、analogy 类比构词的特点是仿照原有的同类词创造出其对应词或近似词,类比构词大致可分成以下4种： 1色彩类比 色彩类比主要通过表示不同颜色的词类比出新词新语。如由black list化出 white list和 gray list。 2数字类比 由数字类比构成的词，有的数字不变，只变动被修饰语；如First Mother（指国家元首的母亲），First Family（指国家元首的一家）均系与First Lady这个原形词类比而成如second-strike capacity（指受敌方先发制人的第一次核打击后的核还击能力）由first-strike capacity（先发制人的第一次核打击能力）引申而成； 3近似类比 指类比词之间要有一个近似点，根据这个近似点，推此及彼。例如:gap最早与missile搭配，形成missile gap词组，这词语一经产生，引起了连锁反应；production gap、ration gap等新词相继出现 4反义类比 利用现有的反义词构成新的复合反义词。如由moonlight构成Ⅲ logical motivation 利用传统的逻辑学下定义，把要表达的对象和与之相似的其它对象区别开来。 例句：Ever since the Watergate prosecutors began investigating and found clues that some of these companies had made suspiciously large, undisclosed payments overseas, a probe of multinationals' operations has been 总之，英语不是象我们生活中的别的固有的东西那样一成不变的。所有语言经过一段时间就要变，其变化的原因是无法完全清楚的。除了吸收过去的俚语使之成为正式用语从而丰富语言以外，显然还需要许许多多的新词语来表达现代生活极大的并正在不断增长着的复杂性。这种复杂性是由我们所处时代的社会和技术条件急剧变化而引起的。语言忠实地反映出时代精神。
Leave me alone!
姐姐支个招儿呗。。。
wine in, truth
摘要：在初中阶段的英语学习中，单词的学习是一个最基础最重要的一个部分。到了八年级，由于词汇量变大，很多学生因为记不住单词而渐渐失去学习英语的兴趣。老师在通过游戏和活动等方式调动学生的学习兴趣之外，更应该加强学生学法的指导和引导，打通阻碍学生英语单词学习的几道难关，使学生学会主动记忆单词，让他们能在英语学习的道路上越来越轻松，越来越有信心。关键词：英语单词，语音，多媒体，记忆在八年级的英语教学中，学生的词汇的学习有不少难关：第一，读音方面，相当一部分学生往往还用汉语来拼读英语单词而没有利用读音来记单词。第二，对记忆单词没兴趣没信心。第三，在记忆单词的时候，机械记忆，不会应用，容易忘记。于是，部分学生越来越感觉到词汇的记忆已成为学习英语的一大障碍，逐渐对英语产生惧怕的心理，甚至产生厌学情绪。如何来帮助学生过关呢？第一、打通语音难关
sample 1: 题目: English Vocabulary Learning Strategies (英语词汇学习策略) The mathematicians that study language and have lots of computing power are forming English language These databases can be used for machine language translation, formulas to rank collocation, most used priority word lists, word grouping tendencies and other linguistics These frequency-based wordlists contain the words that are most used in E Frequency-based wordlists can help you target specific English vocabulary by indicating which words you should try to learn Vocabulary analysis and summaries from the "Brown Corpus 1990" Table 1 Words - Percent of words in average text 86,741 - 99% 43,831 - 0% 15,851 - 8% 6,000 - 9% 5,000 - 6% 4,000 - 7% 3,000 - 0% 2,000 - 7% 1,000 - 0% 10 - 7% Table 1 shows us that in most written English just a few word types account for most of the English words in any Ten words account for 7 % of the words on any page and just 1000 word families account for more than 70% of the words The ESL in Canada English Immersion camps experimented with the 1000 word lists and used them for the core vocabulary for spelling, poetry writing and public speaking The constant reinforcement and repetition with variable context was quickly absorbed by the beginner students and greatly increased their confidence when speaking or Altavista's Babelfish or Google by Systran machine translation performs with an error rate of 20 to 30 The large error rate is due to how a word's meaning varies with One example: "The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak" translated from English to Russian and back again only to yield "The vodka is good but the meat is " So far Babelfish has 19 language pairs available and it has taken decades to develop language-pair rules for each of the 9,900 language word Some observations for language students and language teachers is the translation pool for just average translations is 9900 The big variable is context, which means that a word can be used in various formats: "formal, industry specific jargon, slang, idioms, act a different part of speech performing a different function within that particular If every word has an average of five context variables then the student really has to learn 50,000 As final conclusions: second language learning takes time and effort and there should be plenty of translation jobs for the next 20 years if you are willing to invest the seven to nine years to be In the following example the word "weather" can be used in about eight different contexts and be used to mean, define or explain about thirty different situations or To properly study vocabulary students require background information and "Weather" As a Noun Definition the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time as characterized by sunshine, moisture, temperature, precipitation, and other Similar Words: elements, climate Definition unpleasant, turbulent, or violent atmospheric Example: We needed shelter from the Similar Words: gale, elements, blow, windstorm , storm As a Transitive Verb Inflected Forms: weathered, weathering, weathers Definition to dry, season, or modify by exposing to Similar Words: season , dry Definition to discolor, deteriorate, or harm by exposing to Similar Words wash , rot , erode, deteriorate Definition to endure past the end of; Example Their marriage weathered the hard Synonyms: withstand , survive, stand, outlast , endure , ride out Similar Words: overcome, surmount, outlive, sustain, brave As an Intransitive Verb Definition to resist deterioration when exposed to Example: The colour has been able to weather the intense sun Definition to display the effects of exposure (deterioration or change in color) Similar Words: rot, corrode, fade, deteriorate As part of Idiomatic Expressions Phrase used as an idiom: "under the weather" = sick or not well sample 2: 题目: Using the keyword method to learn vocabulary(重点记忆学习法) The keyword mnemonic is undoubtedly an effective means of learning the words of a foreign language How well you remember depends on how well you learned them, not on whether you have learned the words using a keyword mnemonic or rote repetition or some other method Even using a keyword mnemonic, you still need to rehearse the information to be learned The keyword mnemonic is not always the best method of learning particular words Skilled learners may be best to use the keyword mnemonic selectively, for particularly difficult words The keyword mnemonic requires individual instruction and practice, to use effectively Using a verbal (sentence) link is at least as effective as an image, and is easier for many people Whether using a sentence or an image, the critical factor is that the keyword interact with the definition or own-language sample 3: 题目: experience of learning vocabulary and grammar (英语词汇及语法的学习经验) I could say what I’ve been instructed is a focus on deductive In junior high school, my teacher listed out the key rules of each lesson and would did the fill-in the blank exercise in the Since I was not a quick thinker, what I could do was merely imitate the examples given by the This meant that I didn’t know “why” I was supposed to make a sentence in this When days went to high school, the mode of instruction didn’t change The teacher would point out the crucial rules as well, but he didn’t do much practice in In the scope of vocabulary teaching, he just read through the words and sample You must be curious about how I could last my interest in learning English under this way of instruction? I think what prompt me to keep on learning is owing to my highly motivated Because I like the language and its culture, I’ll do my best to learn it well through self- Though the inspiration from teachers is essential in some ways, the attitude of learners will be the momentum to maintain a lifelong I don’t like the ways I’ve been taught because I learn the rules by rote- Actually, I didn’t object the use of rote- But, it should be under the condition of meaningful practice so that I know “why” the rules are supposed to be used in this As for the ways how I will teach in the future, I’m still struggling to explore my No matter what, I will put much emphasis on learner-centered aspects and inductive