Hidden Change beneatthh Arctic Waters Tellee --connected with thhee Himalaayyaass– A Nordic View of the “Pan-Third Pole”

Global Change is affecting both the marine Arctic and Antarctic as well as the Himalayas and the broader Tibetan area - also known as “The Pan-Third Pole” due to its altitude and extreme environment - explains Prof. Nils Chr. Stenseth, former President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (DNVA) and a current Faculty Professor and Research Professor of Ecology and Evolution of the University of Oslo. A highprofile biologist long dedicated to marine ecology in the Arctic region and its evolution under global change, Prof. Stenseth is seeking to pool data and results from “The Pan-Third Pole” to solve fundamental problems pertaining to the wellbeing of people.

Prof. Nils Chr. Stenseth, former President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (DNVA) and currently a Faculty Professor and Research Professor of Ecology and Evolution of the University of Oslo (UiO). (Photo by courtesy of UiO)

“A Nordic View”

“Linking up with the North and South Poles is of great comparative value,” said Prof. Stenseth at his plenary lecture given at the inauguration of the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO) in the Belt and Road (B&R) Region, commenting on the Pan Third Pole Environment (P-TPE) program initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),an international effort to understand the geological,atmospheric and environmental processes and climatic changes of the Pan Third Pole area, as well as their interactions.

At the invitation of CAS, Prof. Stenseth attended the inauguration of ANSO on behalf of The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (DNVA), and gave a plenary lecture at the opening session, contributing to the discussion on the prospective role of this brand-new international organization from “a Nordic view.”

Prof. Stenseth is Deputy Chair of the Board of the Nansen Legacy, a Norwegian national research program.Launched in 2018 and named after Prof. Fridtjof Nansen, founding father of modern neurology as well as oceanography, this program seeks to understand the rapidly changing marine climate and ecology of the Arctic region, particularly of the northern Barents Sea.Due to warm water from the Atlantic Ocean, this area has seen a 50% reduction in ice cover and shallower distribution of warm water - causing remarkable change in the local marine environment and hence the ecosystems, with altered distribution and composition of species. This big change makes it necessary to revise the know-how in the dynamics of the physical and biological components of the local ecosystems.

In his plenary lecture, Prof. Stenseth gave an overview of the Arctic research activities under the Nansen Legacy in cooperation with the pan Arctic countries, and expressed his strong interest in joining hands with Chinese scientists, particularly with the international team dedicated to the P-TPE program,emphasizing the great comparative value of the data from Pan-Third Pole areas concerning geological,environmental and climatic changes, and beyond.

(2) 模型假设： 在食物与空间条件充裕、气候适宜和没有敌害等条件下，兔群数量以λ倍增长。(24为起始数量，N100为100年后的数量)

Prof. Stenseth is seeking to tie cooperation with the P-TPE team, headed by Prof. YAO Tandong, CAS Member and head of the CAS Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research. He has for a long time been dedicated to the research on the glacier environment of the Tibetan area and global change.

The map shows the extent of the Arctic sea ice as recorded in February 2016 by the National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA,in comparison with the 1981 to 2010 median extent for the same month (indicated by the magenta line). Concerned about the impact of climatic change on the local marine ecosystem and fisheries, Nordic scientists are looking at findings from the Third Pole - the Himalayas and the neighboring Tibetan area to update their know-how of the hidden change beneath the deep water of the Barents Sea. (Image credit: The National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA)

“There is already a road connecting Norway and Russia; but we'd like to extend it to China,” anticipated Prof. Stenseth when introducing the cooperation between his country and Russia on Arctic research. “To further develop the international collaboration on the Himalaya system is in itself important, joining together research of terrestrial ecology and marine ecology to target a common grand challenge,” he explained in a talk with the author after his lecture, envisioning a global network of research covering all the “Three Poles” of the planet.

综合上述观点，对混合式教学和企业纳税实务的分析，本研究提出会计专业企业纳税实务“混合式教学”的教学流程如下，并做为本研究的假设。

Himalayas and the Nordic Cod

Specifically, as an expert in marine ecology, he has been trying to understand what has been driving the variability offish stock - a central question long-sought-after by Prof. Stenseth and his colleagues, focusing heavily on fishery resources.

“We are carrying out a major national research project in the Arctic. Ten institutions are involved,”introduced Prof. Stenseth. “It's a Norwegian initiative,but we would like to link up with scientists from the rest of the world: US institutions, Chinese institutions and others. And I am very keen on seeing China to be involved.”

The drivers of climate change hidden deep in the Barents Sea as well as in the atmosphere of the Arctic region, however, seem to be connected with a larger pattern of change, in “teleconnection” with the icecap and glacier recession of the Himalayas.

“We are already working there,” he continued.“From Bergen in Norway, we have very strong activities in the Himalayas. Now we can get more people involved from Norway, benefiting from the infrastructure established by Chinese scientists.”

“Mostly what we study is marine science. P-TPE asks different questions and answers them in different ways - in the terrestrial and in the marine - targeting the same basic issues, such as global change, the more variable climate that is affecting the marine system and the terrestrial system. And there might be some interconnection between them. The monsoon is not operating by itself, but in a worldwide climatic system. So, if we are really able to study this extreme environment,it would be very valuable to understanding how the biological system will be affected by global change,not only with an increasing temperature, but most importantly, via bringing in variability - more extreme weather,” he said.

The most recent extreme climatic variability in the Himalayas reported by the P-TPE team sheds light on the sensitivity and vulnerability of the ecosystems to climate change. Over the past years, the temperature across this region rose twice that of the global average,with serious environmental consequences: shrinking glaciers, expanding lake water volumes and frequent floods. On the other hand, the recession of glaciers is changing the water cycle and draining the down-stream lakes and oases.

The Nansen Legacy, a Norwegian national research program, seeks to understand the rapidly changing marine climate and ecology of the Arctic region, particularly of the northern Barents Sea. Seen in the picture are researchers at field work, investigating changes in ice level of this area. (Photo by Luka Supraha, University of Oslo)

Prof. Nils Christian Stenseth, former President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters gives a lecture at the inauguration of ANSO in Beijing. (Photo by Song Jianlan)

Joining Three Poles

“It is a big problem,” said Prof. Stenseth, citing multiple factors influencing the fish catch in Norwegian waters. Results from previous research arrived at the conclusion that to a large extent, the variability in fish stock is driven by the number offish in the youngest age-class caught in fisheries. The problem is, the early life stages of a fish is hinged on the ambient conditions,including water temperature and competition of resources from other species, which are both subject to climate change. For example, combined statistical and mechanistic modelling suggests that food and temperature affect the survival of early life stages of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) (Leif Chr. Stige,et al, 2015).

“Norway strongly supports this initiative,” he asserted.

“We in Norway are supporting and facilitating the ring between China, the trio-pole ring of China and Europe, and international activities. I know the P-TPE initiative here has a very good scientific network,focusing on the Third Pole. We can investigate the two others where we have a strong tradition,” continued Prof. Stenseth.

“The North Pole and the South Pole are dominated by geophysics and marine biology. The Third Pole is focused on geophysics and climate, and terrestrial ecology. Having the Third Pole in a comparative way, we really bring together terrestrial and marine science into one problem. And that's the comparative advantage,”explained Prof. Stenseth. “That's why I think the triopole program is a fantastic initiative from China.”

According to Prof. Stenseth, DNVA is inviting CAS to a meeting in Oslo, where the two parties will discuss what exactly they can do and how they can join forces together.

第三，促进中国—东盟文化艺术双向传播。2014年10月15日，习近平总书记主持召开文艺工作座谈会并作重要讲话。他指出：“文艺工作者要讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音、阐发中国精神、展现中国风貌，让外国民众通过欣赏中国作家艺术家的作品来深化对中国的认识、增进对中国的了解。”[9]作为文艺工作者培养的重要基地，中国的艺术高校应深入合作，以文化艺术为载体讲好“中国故事”，在东盟舞台传递“中国声音”。东盟国家的艺术高校也可以通过开展联合展览、交流演出等多样性的文化艺术交流活动，推进东盟优秀的文化艺术向中国传播，促进双方艺术在相互对话、相互学习、相互碰撞中前行。

“Together we are stronger than being by ourselves.”

“ANSO is a very good umbrella. BTW, that's why I am so keen on being here. Because it's really joining forces,” he smiled.

Norway in particular is very interested in highmountain technology, further explained Prof. Stenseth.“Our high mountains are very low compared to your high mountains, but for us there has been a long tradition doing research on high-mountain biology and high-mountain ecosystems. Combining the marine pole and the terrestrial pole will create added value, that's why we are interested in joining forces,” he said.

The Pan-Third Pole region extended over 20 million km2 from the Tibetan Plateau-centered Third Pole to its west and north, encompassing the Pamirs, Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, the Iranian Plateau, the Caucasus, and the Carpathians etc. (Image by P-TPE team)

“The P-TPE initiative, being facilitated with ANSO, can contribute a terrestrial perspective of extreme environments. The North Pole is an extreme environment; the South Pole is another extreme environment; and the Himalayas are also an extreme environment. Thus, understanding of extreme environments will be advanced on, addressing global change, a big challenge. And ANSO is a good framework for investigating that,” explained Prof.Stenseth.

And ANSO can be a good facilitator, he confirmed.

测评系统的设计与开发方面：谭颖臻[6]从基于过程的视角出发设计并开发了能够支持教师找到自身短板弱项并获得指导建议的应用能力发展测评平台。

DNVA is now on the observer list of ANSO.

目前我国产业风险评价体系还不够全面，对产业风险评价的使用还主要集中于贷前的风险识别阶段，主要是用于对客户企业进行风险分析，而未能延伸到贷中贷后的风险管理工作当中。但在当前产业结构升级的进程加速的背景下，银行在发放贷款和贷后管理时也面临着产业风险的快速改变，因此需要针对特定产业预先制定好风险应对方案，并及时对产业风险进行跟踪和管理，把控好产业风险，尽量减少风险损失。

“We are not on the founding member list,” said Prof. Stenseth with regret. “The reason not being a founding member is that somehow the invitation came a bit too late for us to really discuss this. But I was sent as an observer; I was invited by CAS to come here as an observer on behalf of our Academy. As we've talked,we are interested in further developing a hub involving China, Norway and the rest of Europe.”

1.布置课后任务。布置课后任务应注重探究性、合作性、实践性，任务形式多种多样，可以是书面任务和实践任务、课内任务和课外任务的结合，也可以是个人任务和团队任务、分项任务和综合任务、学科内任务和学科外任务的结合。例如：消费税正常销售纳税申报的课后任务，可以是网上搜索消费税的征税范围和观看视频“税改下一步或将锁定消费税”；预习金银首饰消费税的纳税环节和鼓励小组或社团去税务局或首饰商场调查消费税纳税申报情况；学生填写《企业纳税模拟实训》，综合项目静海公司消费税申报部分和单项训练项目东跃集团白酒消费税申报表的填写，等等。

Prof. Stenseth welcomed the congratulations message for the inauguration of ANSO from Chinese President XI Jinping as a good sign indicating strong support from the government.

“It is very good to have political support. That means that we are not acting totally on our own as scientists,but know that there is political support and awareness as well, which makes things easier. And I think the development of China - its international association of science is marvelous - will also help the research as well as the international cooperation needed,” he concluded.

算法1为伪代码实现，其中第1行包括各类常量定义、变量定义与赋初值操作，第2～28行遍历各个待布局逻辑功能，将各项约束写入模型，第29行定义目标函数，最后调用求解器对模型进行求优.由表1可知，P=2为常数，同时对于目前FPGA芯片规模来说F，W，H通常也很小[8]，因此建立布局模型的时间复杂度为O(N2).由于MILP求优的时间复杂度为指数阶，因而UPRFloor模型的求优时间复杂度和文献[10]均为O(2N).