西方经济思想史论文摘要

◎《城市史研究的范围与方法——试论历史地理学、古都学及城市史学之关系》，《史林》2009年第4期；《中国社会科学文摘》2009年第12期以《历史地理学、古都学及城市史学之关系》为题转载，第73－75页；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》2009年第12期全文转载。◎《全球史观与中国历史地理学研究范围的拓展》，《天津师范大学学报》2009年第1期；《新华文摘》2009年第9期全文转载，第63－66页；《高等学校文科学术文摘》2009年第2期摘要转载；《北京师范大学校报》2009年5月20日第3版以《中国历史地理学研究范围的拓展》为题摘要转载；辽宁省哲学社会科学学术年会编委会编《当代中国辽宁：发展?创新?和谐——辽宁省第二届哲学社会科学学术年会获奖成果文集》收录，辽宁大学出版社2009年8月版，第532－537页。◎《中国古都学理论与实践的新探索——〈中国古都学的研究历程〉简介》，《光明日报》2008年11月16日史学版。◎《漆侠先生对马克思主义史学理论与方法的运用》（第一作者），《史学理论研究》2008年第3期；以《坚持与发展：漆侠先生的马克思主义史学理论与方法》为题收入瞿林东等主编《史学批评与史学文化研究》，黑龙江人民出版社2009年3月版。◎《试论先秦巴蜀城市发展的特点与地位》，陕西师范大学中国历史地理研究所、西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心编《历史地理学研究的新探索与新动向——庆贺朱士光教授七十华秩暨荣休论文集》，三秦出版社2008年4月版。◎《反思与创新：赵吉惠先生的史学理论贡献》，《赵吉惠纪念文集》，陕西人民出版社2008年4月版。◎《先秦城市史研究述评》，《中国史研究动态》2008年第1期。◎《秦巴蜀郡县城市述论》，《东亚文史论丛》（日本）2007年11月。◎《全球城市史视域中的中国城市史研究——读乔尔·科特金〈全球城市史〉引发的思考》，《史学理论研究》2007年第4期。◎《先秦蜀国王权更替考述》，《史林》2006年第4期。◎《从考古发现看杜宇时期蜀国城市的发展》，《中国古代社会与思想文化研究论集》第一辑，黑龙江人民出版社2006年8月版。◎《费孝通：学术之树常青——读〈费孝通九十新语〉有感》，《中国图书评论》2006年第7期。◎《关于城市起源和形成的理论探讨》，陕西师范大学中国历史地理研究所、西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心编《史念海教授纪念文集》，三秦出版社2006年6月版。◎《先秦蜀国城市史论略》，段渝主编《巴蜀文化研究》第三辑，四川出版集团巴蜀书社2006年5月版。◎《论中国城市早期发展的阶段与特点》，《天津师范大学学报》2006年第3期；《新华文摘》2006年第17期以《城与市双轨并进是中国城市演进的独特道路》为题论点摘编；《高等学校文科学术文摘》2006年第4期摘要转载（学术卡片）。◎《城市史学与中国古代城市研究》，《史学理论研究》2006年第2期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》2006年第7期全文转载。◎《巴国城市发展及其特点初论》，《西南师范大学学报》2005年第3期。◎《先秦巴蜀城市研究述论》，《中华文化论坛》2005年第1期。◎《试论城市的起源和形成》，《天津师范大学学报》2004年第5期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》2005年第1期论点摘要。◎《史前城址与文明起源关系略论》，《云南社会科学》2003年第2期。◎《中国新石器时代的人地关系及其特点》，《人文地理》2002年第4期；《中国地理科学文摘》2003年第2期摘要转载。◎《历史文化地理学的理论与方法》，《陕西师范大学学报》2002年第3期。◎《旧石器时代可纳入历史地理学研究范围》，《四川大学学报》2002年第3期；《光明日报》2002年7月23日理论版论点摘编；《高等学校文科学报文摘》2002年第4期转载。◎《中国传说时代洪水问题新探》，《山东大学学报》2002年第2期。◎《中国新石器时代文化区划述论》，《中国历史地理论丛》2002年第1期。◎《黄土高原地区沙漠治理刍议》（第一作者），《黄土高原地区历史环境与治理对策国际会议论文集》，《中国历史地理论丛》2001年专刊。◎《中国新石器时代文化格局的历史影响》，《文博》2001年第5期。◎《地理环境影响文化发展的理论思考》，《唐都学刊》2001年第3期。◎《地理学思想史研究中值得注意的几个问题》（第一作者），《中国历史地理论丛》2000年第3期。◎《可持续发展理论与历史时期人地关系的研究》，《中国历史地理论丛》2000年第2期。◎《历史认识的检验与真理标准的历史内涵》（第一作者），《西安联合大学学报》1999年第3期。◎《顾颉刚“层累地造成中国古史”观的现代意义》（第二作者），《史学理论研究》1999年第2期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》1999年第7期全文转载；《高等学校文科学报文摘》1999年第5期转载。◎《研究中国思想文化的一家之言——赵吉惠著〈国学沉思〉读后》，《孔子研究》1999年第1期。◎《〈晏子春秋〉的成书时间与思想特征》（第一作者），《人文杂志》1997年第6期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》1998年第2期全文转载。◎《元代历史地理研究的重大收获》，《中国历史地理论丛》1997年第3期。◎《谈谈史学论著的可读性》，《西安日报》1997年8月5日。◎《自然环境与三秦文化的地域特征》，《唐都学刊》1997年第3期；人大复印报刊资料《文化研究》1997年第10期全文转载；《文摘报》1997年9月14日论点摘要；《西安年鉴：1998》（西安出版社1998年6月版）以《经济类型的更新与三秦文化之振兴》为题论点摘编；李炳武总主编、朱士光分卷主编《长安学丛书?历史地理卷》收录，陕西师范大学出版社、三秦出版社2009年9月版。◎《司马迁史学地位论辩》，《史记与司马迁研究论文集》，陕西人民出版社1996年版。◎《论历史研究中史学家的情感因素》，《青海师范大学学报》1996年第2期。◎《孔子——中国史学、东方史学之父》，《汉中师范学院学报》1996年第2期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》1996年第12期全文转载。◎《对地域文化研究的反思》，《华夏文化》1995年第4期。◎《试论创造性思维——兼及科学研究中的思维方法》，《东疆学刊》1995年第2期；人大复印报刊资料《逻辑》1995年第7期全文转载。◎《论司马迁史学的继承性》，《唐都学刊》1994年第6期；陈正奇主编《唐都学刊·汉唐研究·史学卷》收录，陕西人民出版社2008年10月版。◎《历史学家与历史认识主体》，《青海师范大学学报》1994年第2期；《高等学校文科学报文摘》1994年第5期全文转载。◎《“榆钱”的由来》，《陕西地方志》1993年第5、6期。◎《司马迁撰著〈史记〉的动机与目的》（第一作者），《唐都学刊》1993年第1期。◎《乾嘉考据史学与中国考据史学》，《江西大学学报》1992年第1期；人大复印报刊资料《历史学》1992年第7期全文转载。◎《心理史学及其应用的方法论原则》，《唐都学刊》1992年第1期；人大复印报刊资料《新兴学科》1992年第2期全文转载。

这个不适合你写，如果你只是本科生，博士论文也会嫌这个题目太大！

Summarize the key message of an article called” Land of the Rising Price”:A burst of inflation has happened in Japan in 2008, which makes the price A broker named Christopher Wood points out that it is definitely But others don’t agree with the John Richards, who works in the Royal Bank of Scotland in Tokyo, claims that the recovery in Japan has depended on exports too However, the demand from Asia, America and Europe has slowed this The rising price causes to reduce companies’ profit margins, while customers’ purchasing power also Richard Jerram, who works in Macquarie Capital Securities in Tokyo, suggests that when the value of savings is changed by inflation, households are possible to transfer savings into other assets in order to get higher But M Wood argues that the bad inflation, which makes the various costs increase, is another type of That will cause rapid and deep change in Japan according to the He strongly believes that the rapid and deep change will happen However, that will not One of important reason is that the interest rate can’t be increased by the central bank as quickly as the bank would Another reason is that if money remains cheap, corporate reform is impossible to take So the inflation is not good news for JWhat cause deflation in Japan:Deflation is a process of falling price, which is the opposite of Price levels are highly connected with the relationship between the supply and the To understand and express the definition of deflation simply, there is assumption that we are on an isolated island and there are 10 same goods and ten $00 bills that are able to buy them If everyone wants to get one of them, it is obvious that each good costs $ However, if some people don’t want to get it, the price in each good will decrease because sellers want to sell all of So they have to decrease the price in order to encourage people who don’t want to buy any more buy the This is one of types of deflation, which is caused by decreasing the demand of (InflationD, ND)To express the theory more clearly, let’s see a diagram In this diagram, the horizon axis y represents total product (national income), while the straight axis represents price AD represents aggregate demand curve, while AS represents aggregate supply When the aggregate demand curve drops from AD to AD’, the total product, which depends on the point of intersection between AD curve and AS curve, don’t increase, is still y’ But the price level decreases from P to P’ So this is deflation caused by decreasing the demand of But in the isolated island, if the quantity of money drops to $0, while the number of goods is 10, the price in each good will decreases to $ This is another type of deflation, which is caused by reducing the supply of By the way, the supply of money can also be dropped if someone holds half of money on the island and refuses to spend it on (InflationD, ND)According to the line chart in the article called” Land of the Rising Price”, it is clear that the consumer price fluctuated at very low level during the last ten That means the purchasing power is low, which is a sign of The situation in the last ten years is caused by decreasing the demand of goods or decreasing the supply of Is deflation good for an economy?In fact, whether deflation is good or not depends on the cause of the If deflation is caused by increasing the goods supply, it will be For example, in the late 19th century, with the industrial revolution happening, the productivity of goods was So the supply of goods obviously went Therefore, the price level Decreasing the goods demand or increasing the goods supply has the same If, however, deflation is caused by reducing money supply, it will be The economy contracted because of lack of People may lose their Thus, banks don’t loan money because people have no ability to pay off Therefore, money supply will fall again, while more people may lose their (InflationD, ND)BOJ’s monetary policyMonetary policy is generally classified as an expansionary policy and a contractionary A policy is referred to as contractionary if it decreases the supply of money or increases the interest An expansionary policy raises the supply of money, or drops the interest Obvious from the line chart in the article called” Land of the Rising Price”, the gross interest income dropped quickly from 1994 to In other words, the interest rate in the 12 years decreased That means BOJ’s monetary policy was an expansionary Therefore, the supply of money could be increased using this That would activate the aggregate (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2008)Though the policy was on the correct track, I don’t think BOJ was successful in solving the deflation One of important reason is that the time of reducing interest rate was more than 10 years, which was too That means BOJ did not find a suitable interest rate during the 12 Another important reason is that when a burst of inflation has happened in 2008, the aggregate demand is not activated The inflation relies on Japan imports mostly, rather than increasing domestic So the purpose of the policy has not achieved The third reason is that the interest rate can’t be increased by BOJ as quickly as BOJ would Bad overseas and domestic economic situation prevent from increasing the interest So generally, BOJ was not successful in solving the Interest rate, exports and exchange rateThe interest rate has very strong effect on the exchange As we all know, the interest rate level depends on the relationship between the demand and the supply in foreign exchange Foreign exchange is one type of financial An investor chooses and holds it because it brings capital Actually, the return of currency in each country is measured by the interest rate in each country’s financial If the interest rate of currency in one country rises, the return will also rise, attracting investors to buy the If the interest rate drops, the return will Therefore, the attraction of the currency is BOJ has kept the interest rate low, which is the lowest of any G8 That means the interest rate of Japanese Yen is lower than many other countries, which leads to increasing capital outflows, reducing capital Thus, investors who hold Japanese Yen will sell the currency, which will make the exchange rate Decreasing exchange rate of Japanese Yen always leads to rising Japanese exports and reducing the First, with the depreciation of Japanese Yen, price of domestic goods is lower than price of foreign So the demand of domestic goods will increase, while the demand of foreign goods will It is good for Japanese exports and international Second, with the increase of the demand of domestic goods, the price level will go up, while the employment will rise, increasing the national The behavior of companies and consumersIn deflation period, the price in the market is As a result, the company profits are So a company is trying its best to make the cost of production lower in order to remain One way to achieve the aim is to reduce the nominal Therefore, people spend less money in purchasing so that they will show the sign of belt- Actually, the deflation lasted for more than 10 So when the inflation is happening, the price level is Therefore, companies expected that the increased price level might solve the problem caused by So they have struggled to pay more wages and hire more workers so that the cost is But unfortunately, rising price level don’t solve the Therefore, company profits are decreasing because the cost is increasing in the inflation In fact, in the short run, even though inflation is happening, people are not responding to that because they don’t know the price in future will be higher than current price, at least in the short

论文的写作格式、流程与写作技巧