糖尿病学术论文摘要

《中华糖尿病杂志》(CJDM)于2009年由中华医学会创办，是中华医学会糖尿病学分会的会刊和学术窗口。依托中华医学会百年的办刊经验，秉承严谨的治学态度和客观的学术导向，以广大糖尿病相关医务工作者及科研人员为读者对象，及时报道糖尿病研究领域的重大成果，全面介绍新观点、新进展、新指南、新技术，切实加强学术交流，积极开展学术争鸣，为有效提高我国糖尿病的诊治水平打造一个良好平台。期刊实行同行评审制，杂志有来自全国各地内分泌科、心血管科著名医师组成的强大的编委会，第一届总编辑为杨文英教授，现任总编辑为翁建平教授。所有刊登文章均经编委会和编辑部“三审五定”，严格的审稿流程保障了文章的学术质量。现为中国科技论文统计源核心期刊、中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）来源期刊，被万方数据、美国“化学文摘”、“乌利希期刊指南”等数据库收录，国内外公开发行。作为中华医学会糖尿病学分会的会刊，《中华糖尿病杂志》倡导创新和公益活动。在糖尿病学分会的支持下，《中华糖尿病杂志》优秀论文奖由中华医学会糖尿病学分会出资设立，此项奖励为纯学术性，单篇最高奖金人民币20000元，每年将有16篇文章获奖。所有上一年度发表的论著性文章均可参加评选。另外，自2013年开始，杂志受分会委托，组成独立评审小组，从中国医师在国外发表的众多研究中评选出十大研究进展，在每年的中华医学糖尿病学分会全国糖尿病学术会议闭幕式上进行颁奖。中华糖尿病杂志积极参与或组织糖尿病领域的学术会议，如在每年一届的中华医学会糖尿病学分会全国学术会议（5000余人参加）上举办中华糖尿病杂志论坛、对中青年糖尿病医师会议给予学术支持、召开西部糖尿病学术会议等，在全国各地举办的糖尿病医师沙龙活动，受到了各级医师的广泛关注和欢迎。

按研究问题的大小不同可以把论文范文分、为宏观论文范文和微观论文范文。凡属国家全局性、带有普遍性并对局部工作有一定指导意义的论文范文，称为宏观论文范文。它研究的面比较宽广，具有较大范围的影响。反之，研究局部性、具体问题的论文范文，是微观论文范文。它对具体工作有指导意义，影响的面窄一些。另外还有一种综合型的分类方法，即把论文范文分为专题型、论辩型、综述型和综合型四大类：1．专题型论文范文。这是分析前人研究成果的基础上，以直接论述的形式发表见解，从正面提出某学科中某一学术问题的一种论文范文。专题应用型论文范文是一种运用所学的理论基础和专业技能知识，独立地探讨或解决本学科某一问题的论文范文，其基本标准应该是：通过论文范文，可以大致反映作者能否运用所学得的基础知识来分析和解决本学科内某一基本问题的学术水平和能力。当然，它的选题一般也不宜过大，内容不太复杂，要求有一定的创见性，能够较好地分析和解决学科领域中不太复杂的问题。2．论辩型论文范文。这是针对他人在某学科中某一学术问题的见解，凭借充分的论据，着重揭露其不足或错误之处，通过论辩形式来发表见解的一种论文范文。3．综述型论文范文。这是在归纳、总结前人或今人对某学科中某一学术问题已有研究成果的基础上，加以介绍或评论，从而发表自己见解的一种论文范文。4．综合型论文范文。这是一种将综述型和论辩型两种形式有机结合起来写成的一种论文范文。

细胞生物学与医学（小组成员：王萌，周蒙，赵晓娇，赵丽葵，郑大芳，朱慧凤）摘要：医学是以人体为对象研究人体生老病死的机制,研究疾病的发生、发展以及转归的规律,从而对疾病进行诊断、治疗和预防,以达到增强人体健康。它是综合的学科,必须吸收或利用其他各种学科的知识和技术服务,使之不断提高和发展。而细胞生物学是研究生命活动基本规律的学科,细胞生物学研究的各项成果、课题当然与医学的理论和实践密切相关。 关键字：细胞信号转导，基因工程，治疗性克隆细胞生物学的某些主要研究领域与医学意义一．细胞信号转导（一） 细胞信号转导的概念指细胞通过胞膜或胞内受体感受信息分子的刺激，经细胞内信号转导系统转换，从而影响细胞生物学功能的过程。水溶性信息分子必须首先与胞膜受体结合，启动细胞内信号转导的级联反应，将细胞外的信号跨膜转导至胞内；脂溶性信息分子可进入胞内，与胞浆或核内受体结合，通过改变靶基因的转录活性，诱发细胞特定的应答反应。（二） 细胞信号转导异常与疾病导致信号转导异常的因素分别有生物学因素；理化因素；遗传因素；免疫学因素和内环境因素无论是受体，配体或者受体后信号转到通路的任何一个环节出现故障都可能会影响到最终效应，使细胞曾之，分化，凋亡，代谢或者功能失常，并导致疾病1．信息分子异常2．受体信号转导异常3．G蛋白信号转导异常4．细胞内信号的转导异常 5．多个环节细胞信号转导异常 6．同一刺激引起不同的病理反应 7．不同刺激引起相同的病理反应（三）细胞信号转导异常性疾病防治的病理生理学基础1．调整细胞外信息分子的水平 如帕金森病患者的脑中多巴胺浓度降低，通过补充其前体L-多巴,可起到一定的疗效。2．调节受体的结构和功能 针对受体的过度激活或不足，可分别采用受体抑制剂或受体激动剂达到治疗目的。3．调节细胞内信使分子或信号转导蛋白 目前临床应用较多的有调节胞内钙浓度的钙通道阻滞剂，维持细胞cAMP浓度的β受体阻滞剂和cAMP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。4．调节核转录因子的水平 如NF-κB的激活是炎症反应的关键环节，早期应用抑制NF-κB活化的药物，对控制一些全身炎症反应过程中炎症介质的失控性释放，改善病情和预后可能有益。（四) 细胞信号转导的医学应用细胞间的协调、细胞与环境的相互作用也是由信号转导来完成的。细胞增殖和凋亡的不1/4页平衡导致癌症等重大疾病的发生，细胞癌变的本质是细胞信号转导的失调。现在，分子肿瘤学的发展使人们认识到，癌变是因为调控细胞的分子信号从细胞表面向核内转导的过程中某些环节发生病变，使细胞失去正常调节而发生的。以这些病变环节为靶点的信号转导阻遏剂有望成为高效低毒的抗癌药物，因为从理论上它们可以区分癌细胞和正常细胞，干扰引起癌变的根本环节，起到选择性治疗作用在正常情况下，细胞增殖与死亡处于动态平衡中，这种平衡受到外环境和内在因子通过细胞信号转导分子传递的变化影响 阻断肿瘤相关基因的信号转导途径，能诱导细胞凋亡，抑制肿瘤生长。有四条细胞信号转导途径的异常与肿瘤的发生有密切关系，它们包括TGF－周期素途径、p19－p53途径、端粒酶途径和Ras－MARP途径。这些信号转导途径既独立又相互影响，以这些信号转导途径中的分子为靶点可寻找新型特异性抗肿瘤药物

Increased Blood Sugar on hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy) the occurrence and development are very important influence, not only as an important risk factor involved in the beginning of HA, resulting in increased incidence of disease, but also to HA after the occurrence of pathological process has a catalytic role to enable hematoma volume expansion, increased edema, increased impairment, affect the 　　High blood sugar involved in the mechanism of HA, are manifold, including: lipid metabolic abnormalities, carotid artery remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin Expansion of infarct size and high blood sugar and promoting the development of HA mainly caused by acid poisoning, ischemic injury in areas of apoptosis and other 　　Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebral vascular disease, has attracted people's Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the prominent role of angiogenesis in vivo and improve vascular permeability; discovered in recent years it also has to stimulate the neurons, glial cells, axonal growth and survival COX (cyclooxygenase, COX), is catalyzed arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid, AA) synthesis of prostaglandins (prostgalandin, PG) and thromboxane (thromboxan, TX) of the rate-limiting One COX-1 for structural type, exist in most organizations, the catalyst is generated to maintain the normal structure of the PG; COX-2 is induced in physiological conditions, COX-2 in most tissues at very low copy number However, IL-1, TNF and many other inflammation-stimulating factor can induce COX-2 However, current vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase Most studies focused on the relationship between cerebral ischemia and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage on the dynamic changes of VEGF, COX-2 expression in correlation among 　　In recognition of hyperglycemia on cerebral hemorrhage injury in danger at the same time, control, treatment of blood glucose levels become a means of treating cerebrovascular disease, in particular, is used to reduce blood sugar levels of insulin into the acute stroke treatment Has been found that insulin on acute cerebral hemorrhage around the brain tissue has a protective effect of ischemic Possible mechanisms are: the brain has been found that the existence of insulin receptors, insulin and insulin receptor binding may reduce the brain cells of glucose uptake, thereby reducing the storage of sugar within the brain cells, reduce lactic acid produced by the substrate, fundamentally correct cellular acidosis; the same time, can also lower blood sugar, insulin concentration, increased bleeding surrounding edema and effective blood supply, resulting in relatively low perfusion state of high blood sugar, thereby improving effect of brain damage was the 　　In order to understand these two cytokines and diabetes mellitus the relationship between cerebral hemorrhage injury, this study of diabetes on the basis of the model to be adopted by autologous blood injection method to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage in this dynamic observation of cerebral hemorrhage on the basis of After the behavioral and brain water content trends, analysis VEGF and COX-2 in the hemorrhagic brain tissue distribution and expression changes, and then explore the VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue damage in cerebral hemorrhage the role and significance, compared to diabetes rats and normal blood sugar difference between the volume of brain edema in rats with an initial observation of the two factors in diabetic rats and normal blood sugar difference between the expression of rat brain hemorrhage, with a view to the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage provide new ways and 　　Materials and methods　　 Experimental animals and grouping　　Healthy adult male Wistar rats, a total of 96, weighing 250 to 280 grams from the Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou U In accordance with the principles of randomized experimental animals were divided into four groups, namely sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, high glucose group and the insulin intervention Prizes will be awarded 4 points each time: 6h, 24h, 72h, At each time points are located at 6 　　 High blood sugar and insulin production in rat model of intervention methods　　Prepared by the light of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in With STZ 60mg/kg, high blood sugar and insulin in the intervention group rats a single intraperitoneal Value for four rats with normal blood sugar a 6mmol / L, a week after injection, blood glucose ≥ 1mmol / L for a successful model for alternative Model of high blood sugar after the success of the intervention group I rats were normal insulin, abdominal subcutaneous injection, 3 times / d, 4U / times qd for 3 days, the measured blood sugar value of the normal