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浅探当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示在我国对外贸易规模不断扩大的今天，要想提高我国的国际竞争力，必须重视国际上20世纪70年代以后兴起的国际贸易新理论，实施创新的对外贸易战略，打造具有国际竞争优势的产业。本文通过研究当代国际贸易理论的新发展对我国外贸发展的启示，分析探讨了我国应该如何制定相应的政策，采取相应的对策来促进我国对外贸易的发展。一、当代国际贸易理论的新进展二战后随着科学技术的进步和生产力的不断发展，国际贸易的规模、商品结构和地区分布也发生了很大变化。经济学家在国际贸易理论研究中不断探索，20世纪70年代以来先后出现的影响较大的国际贸易新理论有以下几种：1、战略性贸易政策理论战略性贸易政策理论产生于2O世纪7O年代以来“新贸易保护主义”盛行的背景之下，由美国经济学家保罗·克鲁格曼等人于2O世纪8O年代中期提出，主要内容包括两方面：（1）以内部规模经济为基础的利润转移理论；（2）以外部规模经济为基础的外部经济理论。2、产业内贸易理论20世纪70年代格鲁贝尔和劳埃德等人开创了产业内贸易理论研究，到20世纪80年代初美国经济学家克鲁格曼进一步推动了这一理论的发展。该理论不同于侧重论述产业间贸易的传统贸易理论，代写毕业论文它侧重研究贸易双方在同一产业中既出口又进口同类异质产品的产业内贸易。在不完全竞争产业中，规模经济和产品差异是产业内贸易形成的决定因素。3、产品生命周期理论产品生命周期理论由美国销售学家弗农于1966年首先提出，经威尔斯、赫希哲等人不断完善。产品生命周期理论认为，由于技术创新和扩散，制成品和生物一样具有生命周期。产品生命周期包括五个阶段：(1)新生期；(2)成长期；(3)成熟期；(4)销售下降期；(5)让与期。4、国家竞争优势理论20世纪80年代以来，美国哈佛大学的迈克尔·波特提出并完善了国家竞争优势理论。国家竞争优势理论与传统比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论不同之处在于，该理论认为一个国家之所以能够兴旺发达，其根本原因在于该国的国际竞争优势，这种竞争优势源于一个相互增强的系统，在这个系统中，有四个关键因素影响一国在国际市场上建立和保持竞争优势的能力，这四个因素是：(1)生产要素；(2)国内需求；(3)相关产业；(4)企业战略、组织和竞争度。二、当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示1、积极转化国家的竞争优势比较优势是由一国资源禀赋和交易条件所决定的静态优势，是获取竞争优势的条件。竞争优势则是一种将潜在优势转化为现实优势的综合能力的作用结果。比较优势作为一种潜在优势，只有最终转化为竞争优势，才能形成真正的出口竞争力。根据生产要素禀赋，我国一直以来具有劳动力资源的比较优势，但是，在当今国际市场上劳动密集型产品的比较优势并不一定具有国际竞争优势。要确立把比较优势转换为竞争优势的外贸战略。2、高新技术产业发展至关重要由国际产品生命周期理论可以推知：创新国是国际贸易利益的最大获益者。这是因为：在产品的新生期和成长期，创新国以其技术优势垄断了国内和国际市场，因而可以获得大量超额垄断利润；在产品的成熟期进入所谓的“大规模生产”阶段，创新国可以获得巨额规模经济效益；在产品的销售下降期和让与期，创新国在国外投资建厂，输出其知识产权和品牌，延长其产品的生命周期，在国际市场上继续赚取利润。3、发展高层次产业内贸易是提高对外贸易竞争力的重要手段随着国际经济贸易的发展，产业内贸易在给各贸易国带来贸易利益的同时，Probe into New Theory of International Trade Implications of China Foreign Trade Strategy Growing scale of foreign trade in China Today, in order to enhance China's international competitiveness, must pay attention to the international community 70 years after the 20th century Xingqi new theory of international trade, the implementation of the Duiwaimaoyi innovation strategy, create an international competitive advantage in the This paper studies the contemporary new development of international trade theory enlightenment for the development of China's Foreign Trade, analysis of how China should formulate corresponding policies and take corresponding measures to promote the development of China's foreign First, the contemporary theory of international trade, new progress After World War II with the scientific and technological progress and productivity of the continuous development of international trade size, structure and regional distribution of goods, great changes have taken Theory of international trade economist and continuously explore the 20th century, has emerged since the 70's influential new theory of international trade, the following: 1, Strategic Trade Policy Strategic trade policy arise from 7O 2O century since the "new trade protectionism," the prevalence of background, the US economist Paul Krugman, who in the mid 8O 2O century, proposed, mainly including two aspects : (1) internal economies of scale-based theory of profit transfer; (2) based on external economies of scale external economic 2, intra-industry trade theory 20th century 70s Grubel and Lloyd, who created the industry trade theory, to the early 20th century US economist Paul Krugman of 80 to further promote the development of this The theory is different from the focus on inter-industry trade paper the traditional trade theory, on behalf of my thesis research is focused on trade, both sides in the same industry, the export of products they import the same heterogeneous industry Not perfectly competitive industries, economies of scale and product differentiation is the formation of intra-industry trade 3, the product life cycle theory Product life cycle theory Sales Vernon by the United States first proposed in 1966 by Prince, He Xizhe and others Product life cycle theory, as technological innovation and diffusion, and biological products, like life- Product life cycle consists of five stages: (1) Neonatal; (2) growth stage; (3) maturity; (4) decline of sales; (5) for and 4, Competitive Advantage of Nations Since the 80s of the 20th century, Harvard's Michael Porter and improve the Competitive Advantage of N Competitive Advantage of Nations and the traditional theory of comparative advantage and factor endowments theory of difference is, the theory that a country has been able to flourish, and the fundamental reason is the country's international competitive advantage, this competitive advantage derived from a mutually reinforcing system, in this system, there are four key factors that affect a country in the international market, establish and maintain a competitive edge in the ability of these four factors are: (1) factors of production; (2) domestic demand; (3) related industries ; (4) business strategy, organizational and competitive Second, the contemporary theory of international trade on China's foreign trade strategy for new inspiration 1, the positive transformation of the national competitive advantage Comparative advantage in natural resources by a country and trading conditions determine the static strengths are the conditions for competitive Competitive advantage is a way to advantage the potential into real ability to effect the comprehensive Comparative advantage as a potential advantage, only the final into a competitive advantage, to form a real export According to the production factor endowment, along with China's comparative advantage in labor resources, but in today's international market, the comparative advantage of labor-intensive products do not necessarily have an international competitive To establish the comparative advantages into competitive advantages in foreign trade 2, high-tech industries vital to the development By the international product life cycle theory can be deduced: Innovation is the international trade interests of the country's biggest This is because: the product of Neonatal and growth, innovation and technical superiority of its state monopoly of domestic and international markets, and thus get a lot of excess monopoly profits; in product maturity into the so-called "mass production" stage, innovation States can get huge economies of scale; in product sales were down period and give and of innovation invest and build factories in foreign countries, the output of its intellectual property and brand to extend its product life Zhou Qi, in the international market continue to make a 3, the development of high-level intra-industry trade is to improve the competitiveness of an important means of foreign trade With the international economic and trade development, intra-industry trade in all trading nations to bring trade interests, 翻译为：

342 评论 2小时前发布

马路口的miraale

第一章对外贸易与经济增长第一节对外贸易与国际贸易概述第二节对外贸易对国民经济增长的贡献第三节对外贸易与经济增长相互关系的实证分析第四节新中国成立以来对外贸易的发展与经济增长本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第二章对外贸易理论依据（上）第一节有中国特色的对外贸易理论发展第二节我国对外贸易与比较利益学说第三节我国对外贸易与国际价值论本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第三章对外贸易理论依据（中）第一节对外贸易与要素禀赋理论第二节 “里昂惕夫之谜”及其解释第三节对外贸易与新贸易理论第四节要素禀赋理论与我国对外贸易本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第四章对外贸易理论依据（下）第一节对外贸易与贸易保护理论第二节对外贸易与经济一体化理论第三节对外贸易与战略贸易政策理论第四节管理贸易政策理论与我国对外贸易本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第五章加入WTO与对外贸易体制改革第一节对外贸易的组织、制度与比较优势第二节我国对外贸易体制基础与改造第三节参加世界贸易组织（WTO）与我国外贸体制改革第四节 “入世”对“两岸四地”经贸合作的影响第五节加入WTO/GATT与应对冲击的国际经验借鉴本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第六章对外贸易产业经营第一节对外贸易经营方式及其比较第二节对外贸易代理制第三节对外贸易经营活动第四节对外贸易价格第五节对外贸易经济效益本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第七章对外贸易资本经营第一节外贸企业的股份制改造第二节外贸企业与资本市场第三节外贸企业的一般融资业务第四节外贸企业资本经营中的风险防范本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第八章对外贸易与利用外资第一节外商投资的外贸效益评价对象、依据与内容第二节外商投资的外贸效益评价方法与指标第三节提高外商投资外贸效益的途径本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第九章对外服务贸易第一节服务贸易的发展现状第二节国际服务贸易的主要规则第三节我国的服务贸易开放第四节我国服务贸易的发展策略本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第十章对外贸易与知识产权保护第一节知识产权贸易的发展状况第二节国际知识产权保护与贸易竞争力第三节国际知识产权贸易壁垒及其影响第四节知识产权保护与我国对外贸易本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第十一章对外贸易摩擦第一节对外贸易摩擦的分类第二节对外贸易摩擦的成因第三节对外贸易摩擦的效应第四节对外贸易摩擦的应对策略本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第十二章对外贸易与环境保护第一节绿色（生态）贸易与环境标准第二节环境保护与贸易竞争力第三节对外贸易中的“绿色壁垒”第四节我国对外贸易中的环境保护本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第十三章对外贸易宏观调控第一节我国对外贸易的宏观调控体系第二节对外贸易法规第三节关税制度与财政调控第四节外汇管理与人民币汇率机制第五节外贸行业促进组织本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献第十四章对外贸易发展战略第一节战略目标、依据、体制和政策第二节对外贸易战略基本原则第三节对外贸易总体战略第四节对外贸易基础战略本章小结主要概念与术语思考讨论题参考文献专业术语中英文对照教学课件索取单

221 评论 5小时前发布

耶丽芙小熊

你可以参考如下文献资料: 　　１、杨良宜著：《信用证》，中国政法大学出版社1998年版　　2、韩德培主编：《国际私法新论》，武汉大学出版社1997年版　　3、薛兆诚著：《信用证实务大全》，香港万源财经资讯公司1986年版　　4、王江雨译：《美国统一商法典---信用证篇》，中国法制出版社1998年版　　5、杨良宜著：《外贸及海运货物索赔新发展》，大连海运学院1994年版　　6、顾民著：《最新信用证操作指南》，对外经济贸易大学出版社2000年版　　7、陈正云著：《金融欺诈及其防治》，法律出版社1997年版 ------------------------------ 贸茂白菜萝卜贸茂网－合众外贸帮助团－以振兴中华贸易为己任。

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