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The aging of the population in the 21st century the major social problems, the international community of the hot issues of common concern of China's social, economic and overall development with the major strategic In recent years, China's traditional family and community-based old-age pension services, both in the event of significant Now, on this issue with the international experts and counterparts to exchange some (A) At present, China is the world's most populous country in the elderly, accounting for about one-fifth of the world's elderly Since the end of 2000, the elderly population over the age of 60 to 2 percent average annual growth rate last year, China's water for more than 60 elderly people have reached 136 million, accounting for 10 percent share of the total population of more than the aging of the population to enter the More prominent is that the elderly over the age of 80 has reached 13 million and an average annual rate of 4 The middle of this century, 60 years old or older will reach about 400 million, when one in four elderly China's population age structure into old age by the adult type, date from 1982 to 2000, only 18 years, compared with some developed countries, the speed of the base of the large number of the elderly population is an unprecedented Population aging in the process of development, although the growth rate of China's rapidly aging population, but from the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese economy will achieve the development objectives of the third step, 30 to 21 years, the working population the proportion of the total population has remained more than 60%, with a long time in China's labor resources are still relatively abundant and low age of the older population accounts for 70% of healthy Therefore, the aging of the population on China's prospects, they do not have to worry, can not be negligent, as long as doing a good job, governance of China's population aging, we are full of It is worth noting that at the turn of the century about the importance of 20-year historical period, China's social and economic structure of many areas will face a "transition" process, and its future, will include old-age pension system, including the future of China's economy have a profound impact on the One change from the scores of the planned economy era of planned economy to market economy and the coexistence of two-track, and then to a fairly complete socialist market economic system reform, China has demanded the establishment of the pension system and reform the idea of a variety of market economy should be closely the pulse of development in line with the requirements of the development of a market economy, constrained by the laws of the The second change, China has continued for more than a decade of rapid economic growth, the turn of the century will be As to China's overall national strength has increased substantially and the national economy and employment structure of the industrial structure will be significant changes to speed up the urbanization Owing to the large number of rural surplus labor transfer to the second and third industries, and from rural areas moved to cities, rural areas will depend in large measure the traditional shake the foundation of the family The third change in the turn of the century, China's aging population has entered the ranks of Elderly population in absolute numbers and in the total population increase in the proportion will change the age structure of the population, adding to the burden of social Of social labor market supply, the national economy, the proportion of accumulation and consumption and so on have a profound The transformation of socio-economic structure, the decision of China's pension system will also be going through a "transition" process, leading from the main domestic economic leader in the social old-age pension to the However, taking into account in the 21st century for a long period of time, China's existing urban-rural dual economic structure will continue to Therefore, at present, China's pension system, the basic framework can be broadly summarized as follows: conform to their social, economic and demographic changes in the structure of the family old-age pension and track both the overall framework of the gradual transition to the social (B) China's old-age pension, currently mainly family-based old-age People's Republic of China since the founding of the "Constitution", "Marriage," "People's Republic of China Law on the Protection of the rights and interests of older persons" such as laws, they affirmed the legal status of family pension, of which 29 August, 1996 promulgated " Old Age Law "clearly provides that" the elderly mainly depend on old-age home, family members should be the concern and care for older maintenance of older persons should carry out to support the economic, social care and spiritual comfort of the obligations of the special care of the elderly " China's family old-age model, has also aroused the concern of the international Held in Vienna in 1982, the United Nations World Assembly on Aging, the General Assembly, the Secretary-General pointed out: "with China as the representative of the Asian way to solve the problems of the elderly is the world's " The so-called Asian way, that is, refers specifically to the way of family In China, such a large population, the economy is not yet well-developed developing countries, to play the role of family pension, a very far-reaching Moreover, adhering to and developing the tradition of old-age home for the aging of the population of developing countries to solve the problem, there will be a certain From the social development, the family pension is not only reflected the inter-generational economic reciprocity between the mutual aid and, more importantly, embodies the spirit of mutual support the two sides No matter what kind of goods to the level of economic development, regardless of people's thinking, values and how the family structure changes, the traditional ethics of the Chinese nation still maintain the basic norms of a normal Because, in the family as a result of the formation of a common life and harmonious family relations, social relations, any other can not be However, the progress of society, the times are changing, China is not the old model can not be Overall, China's old-age, elderly, whether rural or urban, 70% of the elderly have been relatively good And the mobilization of all levels of government rely on the strength of all sectors of society to take a variety of old-age pension, so as to enable the broad masses of the spirit of the basic needs of the However, some elderly people to old-age pension is also not Not satisfied with the proportion of claims for different, and some that are not satisfied with the 22 percent of people, some 19% of the people that are not satisfied with, and some that are not satisfied with 26% of the In short, one-third of the elderly believe that the issue of the elderly more prominent pension of old-age pension is not satisfied with the This is because the emergence of new family pension, the new Its a common question is: the concept of family pension, old-age sense of desalination; "parents, not Travel" has been completely shattered the fetters; senior citizens more and more elderly, more and more empty-nest elderly, a growing elderly family more; rural old-age security has not been fully established, the rural collective economic base is weak, no more funds to address the issue of protecting the livelihood of the elderly; elderly family status has changed Old-age traditional family has faced unprecedented In the cities, increasing family size reduced, the core of the family, empty nest families, the elderly will be increasing number of "Family changes in trend analysis of Shanghai," Shanghai article pointed out that the main characteristics of the family: the family is always in continuous growth (the early 80s, the city's families a total of 3,146,000, the early 90s rose to 4,153,000, 10 in an increase of 007 million); families increasingly shrink the average population (the city's family size to 91 persons in 1949 to 1982, the city's average family size has dropped to 6 people, the current average is less than 3 per person); single families, elderly households showed the trend of rapid growth (the city's 39 million households in the elderly over the age of 65 accounted for 4 percent of households than in 1990 increased by 5 percentage points), the example of Shanghai, in a sense, reflects China's cities with the issue of The above shows that with the historical development, social change, the family faced a series of new problems in old-age pension, old-age traditional family has become the aging of the population not meet the needs of the From China's economic, political, cultural traditions and the elderly and families for tolerance, it is necessary to ensure the dignity of older persons, both now or in the future, take the family old-age pension and social combination of roads, is to resolve the issue of China's old-age of a way (C) of the Chinese elderly people in urgent need of the community old-age pension of service to the Community refers to a certain geographical-based community social life, which includes a certain geographical region, the region of a variety of material and cultural resources, as well as through the blood, such as geopolitical relations linking people with common interests and Urban communities in China, generally refers to an office area or Community to serve the community of old-age pension is community-carrier-led community-based organizations play a government, communities, families and individuals a wide range of power, the full mobilization of community resources, material and human resources for the elderly, elderly, old-age provide a full range of support to the elderly according to their own desires to continue to stay at home and stay in a familiar environment, and pro-people familiar with the neighbors and friends with China's community service pension starting from the 80's, after 20 years of development has begun to take shape, at present, most large and medium-sized cities have begun to take shape the facilities and services, fixed services and door-to-door services as the main form of service, and form of life care, health care, mental health, culture and entertainment, participation and protection services as the main contents of the pattern of community service In recent years, the Chinese government attaches importance to promoting community service to the community, and has introduced a "speed up the development on the views of community services" and "accelerate the achievement on the socialization of social welfare " In some places on the promotion of community service to the community of old-age have also been actively exploring in the full use of various social forces to mobilize the community of human, material and financial resources, the establishment of multi-channel services to the cause of old-age community has made initial Such as Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong and other provinces and municipalities have issued the relevant policies and regulations, social forces organized for the cause of social welfare has created a favorable policy environment, greatly improving the enterprises and institutions, social groups and individuals, as well as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and even foreign organizations to run social welfare initiatives to quicken the social and pension Up to now, China's community-based elderly care facilities has reached 200,000, community service organizations, 70,000 volunteers, community service more than 800 million volunteers, run more than 750 social welfare At present, China's endowment of the community social services to the main contents include: (A) the diversification of investment Given China's current level of economic development, the Government can not do all the community facilities and services for the elderly, should be taken to the state, collectives and individuals shared responsibility Part of government investment funds, the main force of the elderly services for the demonstration projects, and through preferential policies and encourage the community to draw on the strength of older facilities and services set up in order to greatly accelerate the community-the pace of development of elderly services to meet the growing elderly The demand for services and (B) community-based management Arranged to change the way old-age welfare facilities, services and facilities, as appropriate, will be part of services to civil society groups to the operation and management, the Government has given some preferential policies, the adoption of policies and regulations at the same time monitoring and guidance, social service to the community to (C) the community of Community services and old-age pension is not only simple facilities for the elderly or a small number of the Home object, but for all communities in need of the Units and corporate services and facilities for the elderly to all elderly people should be community-oriented, to achieve resource (D) community-based The professional services and volunteer activities, a wide range of community residents and area units for the elderly community obligations, to cover In addition, the level of China's social security than the western developed countries is still relatively low, for the welfare of the elderly care situation of growing demand, a number of urban communities to establish a time saving system to encourage young people to provide care for the elderly care for the elderly, for their own future care needs of the time
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wanglei8873057

养老服务产业是各类服务主体围绕老年人所开展的各类服务的集合,产业发展中存在财政扶持压力大、产品供给不足等突出问题,必须以改革创新为动力,以融合发展为手段,努力挖掘人口老龄化给国家发展带来的活力和机遇,充分满足老年人日益增长的物质文化需求,推动养老服务产业全面协调可持续发展。 关键词:养老服务产业;发展 中图分类号:D6;F719 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-5853(2016)12-0190-01 引言 养老服务业是政府、市场、社会组织、个人等服务主体围绕老年人所开展的各类服务的集合,具有广义和狭义之分,广义养老服务业包括围绕老年人的吃、穿、住、医、行、娱乐、保险等所有相关产业;狭义养老服务业专指为老年人生活保障和生活照料所开展的服务业,通常指民政部门所开办或监督管理的养老机构、居家养老服务等。当前,我国已经进入人口老龄化快速发展阶段。目前,我国 60 岁以上的老年人已达到 22 亿,占总人口的比重是 1%。随着人口老龄化程度的不断加深,人民生活水平的不断提高,养老的消费需求将持续快速增长,养老需求逐渐放大,养老服务业特别是与养老产业相关产业的经济效益凸显,在改善民生、拉动消费、促进消费升级等方面的重要作用愈发重要。 2000-2050 年中国人口及老龄化人口比重预测 1 养老服务业发展现状 党和国家高度重视养老产业发展,不断加强对养老服务业的政策支持力度,先后制定出台了《关于加快发展养老服务业的若干意见》和金融、用地、税费等一系列配套政策文件,逐年加大财政支付力度,积极推进养老服务业制度、标准、设施、人才队伍建设,为养老服务业健康发展营造了良好的外部环境,初步建立了以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充的养老服务体系。养老服务业对 GDP 的贡献可圈可点,老龄产业市场总额已超过 4 万亿元人民币,约占国内生产总值的 8%。纵观产业发展现状,还存在一些问题和不足,严重制约产业发展,滞后老龄化社会发展需求。 2 养老服务业发展存在的问题和原因 (1)资金来源形式单一。资金来源主要为公共财政支出和彩票公益金,其中,公共财政用于养老服务业发展的支出主要包括养老机构建设、高龄津贴养老服务补贴和护理补贴等,在吸引民间资金和金融工具利用方面相对薄弱。随着经济下行压力不断加大,财政用于养老服务方面投入势必放缓。(2)养老服务产品供给不足。一是养老机构供需矛盾突出。护理型和医养结合型等养老机构一床难求与大多数民办养老机构床位闲置现象并存。2015 年,山东省共有 340 万名失能老人,其中完全失能 100 多万,护理型养老床位仅 5 万张。二是产品链条不够完整。现有养老产业所提供的产品仅能满足老人的医、食、住、医、购物、保健、家政服务等基本需求,休闲娱乐、养生旅游、精神慰藉等个性化服务需求需要支撑。(3)产业集群效应差。一是行业发展缺乏合力。养老服务行业整体处于探索发展阶段,缺乏领军企业和人才,行业之间缺乏关联。二是市场准入和监管机制不够健全。老年保健品、理疗等行业存在虚假宣传和误导消费者等管理混乱现象。(4)社会力量参与养老服务业的积极性不高。一是社会力量参与养老服务业氛围不浓。由于政策制定滞后、宣传不到位,加上养儿防老等传统养老观念影响,造成支持产业发展的总体氛围不浓,对养老服务业发展的社会认同度低。二是社会组织参与养老服务业的内在动力不足。社会组织力量薄弱、资金短缺,极大地影响了自身发展及参与养老服务业的积极性。 3 加快养老服务产业发展的对策 (1)强化政策供给。一是强化规划引领。结合老年人口的规模和养老服务需求规模,科学制定养老产业发展规划,明确时间表、路线图、任务书,为产业发展提供保障。二是强化土地供应。各级结合社区建设规划设置社区养老设施,新建小区按标准配建养老服务设施,做到与住宅同步规划、同步建设、同步验收、同步交付使用,优化闲置社会资源转换为养老服务设施的审批程序,优先安排专项用地指标用于养老服务设施建设。三是强化资金扶持。安排专项资金对各类养老机构实施同等扶持政策,免征营业税、耕地占用税、企业所得税等税种,免缴征地管理费、水土保持设施补偿费等行政性收费;完善养老服务企业融资担保机制,鼓励银行加大信贷支持。(2)强化宣传引导。一是拓宽形式,广泛宣传养老服务产业优惠政策,提高全社会认知程度。二是培树典型,引领带动产业发展,努力营造全社会关心、支持和积极参与产业发展的浓厚氛围。(3)强化养老服务体系建设。政府发挥主导作用,使居家和社区养老成为下一步政策重点。居家养老方面,通过降低登记门槛、购买服务、培育孵化等方式,支持居家养老服务组织发展,为老年人提供专业化服务;建设居家养老服务信息平台,为老年人建立档案和配备远程终端设备,打造线上线下相结合的 OTO 服务模式,打造没有围墙的养老院。社区养老方面,采取规划约束、资金扶持、社会参与等方式,加强城市社区日间照料中心、农村幸福院等社区日间照料设施建设。机构养老方面,采取资金扶持、补贴运营、公建民营、公建民助等方式,支持社会力量建设和运营养老机构。(4)强化产业融合发展。对接医疗、家政、保险、教育、健身、旅游资源,加快推动养老服务与等其他领域融合发展。一是“养老+互联网”。结合养老管理信息平台建设,完善政府行业管理、公共服务和宣传推介功能,纳入更多线下企业和社会组织。二是“养老+旅游”。通过建设休闲健康养生养老综合体引导社会力量投资,大力发展候鸟式旅游养老。三是“养老+医疗”。鼓励养老机构与医疗机构联合设立内设医疗机构、医疗机构托管养老机构和闲置医疗资源转型为护理院、康复医院,推进医养结合进程。 4 结语 综上所述,本文对养老服务产业发展进行详细分析,希望能够为满足老龄社会发展需要,从而丰富养老服务产业供给。

216 评论

小笼0113

一、完善机制体制,发挥城市社区的基础平台作用社区是政府实施社会管理的“终端”,是传递党政关爱的桥梁。各社区要切实履职尽责,完善各项体制机制,大力推进城市和谐社区建设,实现“居民自治,管理有序,服务完善,治安良好,环境优美,文明祥和”的社区建设目标,进一步夯实社会管理基础。要加强社区居委会体系建设,健全以社区党组织为核心、群众自治组织为主体、社会各方广泛参与的新型城乡社区管理机制,引导社区多元建设主体在加强和创新基层社会管理中发挥积极作用,推动政府行政管理与社区自治有效衔接、良性互动。要结合《城乡社区服务体系建设“十二五”规划》的实施,明确软、硬件建设标准,积极争取发改委和财政部门增加投入,发挥市场多元主体作用,多渠道落实资金,大力推进社区服务设施建设,增强和完善社区服务功能。要认真落实中办、国办《关于加强和改进城市社区居民委员会建设工作的意见》精神,健全基层群众自治制度,全面开展居务公开民主管理,充分发挥居民会议、居民委员会、居民小组在社区管理中的主体作用,切实保障基层群众的知情权、参与权、决策权、监督权。要深化“网格化管理、组团式服务、片组户联系”工作,探索维护群众权益、化解社会矛盾的新途径、新方法,整合社区工、青、妇等群团组织力量协调处理群众利益问题,加强社区舆情掌控,强力推进网络问政,开展网络舆情监测,在城市社区建立完善利益协调机制、诉求表达机制、矛盾调处机制、权益保障机制和重大舆情报告、疏导与防控机制,促进社区和谐稳定。要着力加强社区党风廉政建设,积极构建社区工作监督管理机制,围绕人、财、物管理等关键环节,建立健全重大事项集体决策制度、资产资金资源管理制度和党务、居务、财务公开制度等,着力形成自律与他律、要求与制度相衔接的党风廉政建设长效机制。二、改善民计民生,发挥社会救助的保障兜底作用保障社会底线公平和增进国民福利是时代赋予的最紧迫任务,也是构建和谐社会、保障基本民生最首要、最基本的任务。各社区务必高度重视,紧紧围绕提高群众的幸福感和安全感,从改善民生入手,切实构筑底线公平。要全面落实城市居民最低生活保障制度、医疗救助制度和临时救助制度,做好城市低保对象调查、认定、审核、资金发放等工作,加强对失业人员和城市居民最低生活保障对象的动态管理,及时掌握其就业及收入状况,切实做到“应保尽保”,确保困难群体基本生活。要制订社区灾害应急预案,建立应急处置小组和应急小分队,组织相关应急预案演练、人员培训和相关应急知识普及工作,完善预测预警机制,切实增强社区灾害应急处置及防灾减灾能力。要加强辖区内流浪乞讨人员劝导和生活救助,引导其到救助管理站求助,同时加强辖区内精神病人基本情况调查,逐一建卡立档,强化监管,确保管控万无一失。要大力组织社区党员、志愿者“攀穷亲”、“结穷对”、“帮穷户”,对社区困难群众进行帮扶。要大力发展社区慈善事业,加强对社区捐助接收站点、“慈善超市”的建设和管理,搭建社区居民自助互助平台,增强社区扶贫济困作用。要重视福利彩票销售,积极配合开展福彩销售进社区工作,大力搞好公益宣传,树立“扶老、助残、救孤、济困、赈灾”的福彩公益形象。要建立健全监督保障和工作评价体系,推行“乡、村两级联查联审制”、“城乡低保听证评议制”、“票决制”、监督员制度和资金发放打卡直发制度,进一步细化和规范社会救助的申请、调查、审批、公示等程序,不断增强社会救助工作透明度,使社会救助工作真正成为阳光操作、对象准确、管理规范、社会满意的民心工程。三、深化服务内涵,发挥公共服务的利民惠民作用为民服务是社区建设的本质。各社区务必把为民、利民、舒民、安民、娱民作为社区工作的出发点和落脚点,进一步完善服务体系,拓展服务内容,深化服务内涵,努力提升社区服务水平,确保居民群众得到更多实惠。要加大力度、加大投入,大力推进社区服务设施建设,搭建社区服务中心、社区事务受理中心、社区文化活动中心、社区卫生服务中心、社区服务网络和社区服务热线等服务平台,为推进社区服务奠定基础。要健全社区劳动保障服务网络,落实促进就业服务政策,完善政府扶助、社会参与的就业技能培训机制,对城镇失业人员提供免费基本技能培训服务,积极开展创造“充分就业社区”活动,促进和吸纳下岗职工在社区就业。要积极开展平安社区创建活动,建立健全警察和居民自治相结合的社区治安防范体系,组织开展以社区保安、联防队员为主体,专职和义务相结合的巡逻守望、安置帮教、守楼护院等活动,认真做好对流动人口的登记、管理、教育和服务工作,努力打造平安社区。要着力打造宜居社区,大力推进城乡环境综合治理进社区活动,建立健全在社区党组织领导下的居民自治、业主管理和物业服务“三驾齐驱”的社区环境卫生治理格局,完善社区环保听证制度和环境卫生考核评比制度,探索建立社区环境治理长效机制,为居民提供卫生环保、物业管理、日常综合维修和绿化维护等基础性服务,促进社区人居环境的全面改善。要切实贯彻娱民宗旨,以社区市民学校为载体,加强公民道德教育与法制教育,组织开展丰富多彩、群众喜闻乐见的文体活动,通过文明小区、文明楼院、文明家庭等精神文明创建活动,进一步提升社区文明程度,努力打造文明社区。要建立社区信息网络服务平台,推行就业信息、致富信息、家政服务信息等居民需求的信息公布制度,为辖区居民提供及时的信息服务。要强化为老服务,推进企业退休人员社会化管理,大力发展以社区居家养老服务为基础,社区老年医疗保健、社区老年文化体育教育、社区老年参与社会发展等为主要内容的社区老年服务体系,为社区老年人提供优质便捷的服务,推进社区居家养老服务工作向社会化、规范化、专业化方向迈进。要切实改进服务方式,大力推行“为民服务代理制”,依托社区工作站无偿为群众提供代理服务,主动为民解难,切实为群众提供方便。要建立健全社区卫生、文体和教育服务、社区公共安全和商业服务体系,支持各类组织、企业和个人开展社区服务,努力打造全方位、多层次、多需求的生活服务圈,实现社区服务全覆盖。要加强社区服务规范化建设,积极推进街道社区创先争优活动,以“筑坚强堡垒,树先锋形象,促科学发展”为主线,围绕“科学发展、富民强市”的目标,从社区实际出发,大力开展党员岗位承诺、设岗认责、志愿服务等活动,推进社区服务水平的提升。四、加强培育建设,发挥社会组织的补充协同作用社会组织具有凝聚城乡居民有效参与社会管理的协同作用。各社区务必大力扶持发展社区服务性、公益性、互助性社会组织,逐步构建政府服务机制同民间服务机制互联、政府服务功能同民间服务功能互补、政府服务力量同民间服务力量互动的公共服务网络,充分发挥社会组织在参与社会管理中“反映诉求、规范行为、提供服务”的积极作用。要推行城市社区社会组织社区备案制度,消除社区社会组织成立门槛,发展社区自治和服务多元主体,活跃社区群众精神文化生活,加强和改善社区社会组织管理。要协调社区社会组织参与社区的自助和互助性服务活动;帮助部分社区社会组织作为政府购买服务的对象,向社区居民提供服务。要推动社区社会组织强化章程的核心地位,实行民主决策、民主管理、民主监督,提高组织管理的科学化、规范化和制度化,建立现代组织制度,推动社会组织自身建设,努力扩大社会组织的党组织覆盖面,不断提高社会组织的核心竞争力。要着力推进社会组织创先争优,充分利用社会组织职能和资源优势,结合“先锋岗”、“示范岗”创建等活动,搭建服务平台,组织开展扶贫帮困活动,积极参与“志愿者服务”、“慈善捐款”等公益事业,积极做好反映公众诉求、化解社会矛盾、帮扶弱势群体等工作,树立“诚信自律、服务社会、开拓创新、特色品牌”四个新形象,切实提高社会组织美誉度和公信力。五、夯实工作基础,发挥社区队伍的支持支撑作用队伍是事业发展的基础。各社区务必高度重视社区工作队伍建设,努力建设一支精神面貌好、整体素质优、工作作风实、创新能力强的社区人才队伍,为社区建设永葆生机和活力提供人才保障和智力支撑。要加强社区干部自身素质建设,努力提升队伍“战略思维、科学发展、开放创新、执行落实、沟通协调”五大能力,培育“顾全大局、真抓实干、亲民爱民、勤奋学习、清正廉洁”五种作风,提高社区工作效能。要健全完善社区工作者准入制度,推进专业社会工作岗位设置和开发,加快民办社会工作服务机构发展步伐,加大社区配备和使用专业社会工作人才力度,积极开展专业社会工作人才队伍建设试点示范工作,不断拓宽专业社会工作人才服务范围。要普遍建立社区志愿者组织,搭建社区志愿服务信息平台,开辟社区志愿服务基地,连通社区志愿服务供需渠道,组织和指导社区志愿者广泛开展社区救助、助残、优抚、居家养老、再就业服务、维护社区安全、科普和精神文明建设等群众性志愿服务活动。要推行社工人才和社区志愿者注册、培训、时间储蓄和“星级”评定表彰等管理制度,提高社会工作者和志愿者综合素质和服务水平。要建立社区工作队伍档案数据库和社区人才储备制度,使社区干部队伍建设向专业化、知识化不断迈进。要通过专业社会工作服务和志愿帮扶服务,对残疾流浪儿童、精神病人、艾滋病病人、吸毒人员、刑满释放人员等特殊人群和社会功能缺失人员进行疏导和矫治,帮助他们修复功能、回归社会。

112 评论

baibaicause

About constructs the city community old people to synthesize safeguards the net the literature to summarize [ abstract ] along with our country society old age step speeding up, the senior citizen cares for the aged the question to be day by day prominent, how in under the market economy condition, fully and reasonably uses the community resources, constructs the city community old person to synthesize the safeguard network to have the positive This article mainly cares for the aged from the present stage city community old person the present situation to embark, how to constructed the city community old person to synthesize the safeguard network to carry on the literature [ Key word ] the old age social city community constructs the community to synthesize the safeguard network community to look after

309 评论

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