据历史文献记载英文

通过一定的方法和手段、运用一定的意义表达和记录体系记录在一定载体的有历史价值和研究价值的知识。所谓文献,文,是文本记载,献,就是口头相传的。文献的基本要素是：有历史价值和研究价值的知识；一定的载体；一定的方法和手段；一定的意义表达和记录体系。人们通常所理解文献是指图书、期刊、典章所记录知识的总和。文献是记录、积累、传播和继承知识的最有效手段，是人类社会活动中获取情报的最基本、最主要的来源，也是交流传播情报的最基本手段。史料是指可以据以为研究或讨论历史时的根据的东西。一般将史料区分为第一手史料（primary source）以及第二手史料（secondary source）。前者是指接近或直接在历史发生当时所产生，可较直接作为历史根据的史料，后者是指经过后人运用一手史料所作的研究及诠释，但二者的界限经常并不明确（例如史记就很难说是一手或二手史料）。一般中文所称史料，主要是指第一手史料而言。

according to 一般是指“根据。。。”而show则表示表明了。。。

Construction of the Great Wall has a long history of the majestic immensity of the world rare Great Wall north-south staggered things, stretching V in our great motherland vast It seems a dragon, crossing the Towering mountains and through the vast grassland, crossed the vastness of the desert, plunging toward the According to historical literature, there are over 20 countries and the feudal monarchy and the nobility, to the Great Wall, if the construction of all the long era City Altogether, there are about 10 Miles Of which only the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Great Wall, to more than 30,000 A very spectacular Great Wall B The construction is a great miracle C This is the witness of China's history

Construction of the Great Wall has a long history of the majestic immensity of the world rare Great Wall north-south staggered things, stretching V in our great motherland vast It seems a dragon, crossing the Towering mountains and through the vast grassland, crossed the vastness of the desert, plunging toward the According to historical literature, there are over 20 countries and the feudal monarchy and the nobility, to the Great Wall, if the construction of the Great Wall various times combined, about 10 Miles Of which only the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Great Wall, to more than 30,000 A very spectacular Great Wall 2 The construction is a great miracle 3 This is the witness of China's history

区分就在在formal和informal上。第一个比较口语。

第二种是直译 第一种显得语言有水平 老师批卷的时候比较喜欢第一种