美国文学作品论文英语

我把我们学校选题范围给你看下好了，希望对你有帮助哈一、语言英语的书面语或口头语特征研究英语的语义、语法、语音、语调特征研究英语的语法、语音或书写历史演变研究 英语和汉语的语法特征对比研究 英语和汉语的语音特征对比研究 英语的言语表达与语境关系研究 英美标准语与方言或黑人英语的对比研究二、文学英美文学创作理论研究：英汉文学创作理论对比研究：英美文艺批评理论研究 英汉文艺批评理论对比研究 英美个别文学作品或作家研究 英汉个别作品或作家对比研究 英美个别文学作品人物塑造研究 英美个别文学作品美学价值研究 英美个别文学作品人物塑造对比研究 英美个别文学作品美学价值对比研究 英美个别文学作品与社会、文化关系对比研究三、语言与文学某英美诗人语言特征研究 英美某小说或小说家语言特征研究 英语诗歌语法、语音、修辞特征研究 英语的言语表达与人际关系研究 某英和汉诗人语言特征对比研究 某流派英和汉诗人或诗体语言特征对比研究四、文化英美传统文化研究 英美当代流行文化研究英语的言语表达与英美文化关系研究 英美重要历史文献研究 英美当代社会问题研究 东西方文化对比研究 英美历史重大事件研究 英美当代社会重大事件研究 英美文化与中国文化相互影响研究 英汉语言与文化关系对比研究 五、翻译英美翻译理论研究 英汉翻译理论对比研究 英汉语言互译对比研究 六、其他英语教学理论研究英美教育理论研究英语测试理论研究中外教育理论对比研究中外英语教学对比研究西方旅游业研究中外旅游业对比研究世界经贸活动中的英语应用研究中国对外经贸活动中的英语应用研究

你可以从以下几个方面着手：•the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England:回答：• The United Kingdom: a country that consists of Great Britain and Northern I • Great Britain: the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous（自治的） regions: England, Wales and S • England is part of Great Britain, which is part of the United K • The UK includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern I E Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland are not countries but the United Kingdom • The Highlanders: the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlands in Northern S • They are proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural They mainly live by farming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and • The reputation of the Scots: inventive, hardworking, serious-minded and cautious with (In the past, they were pioneer settlers and empire builders in places like America, Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Z)• their distinctive national dress: kilt• Bagpipes• The Scots can be recognized by and their particular style of speech and accent 2宗教：回答：• The Catholic Church: refers to the Christian church headed by the P All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the B Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy” • In the Middle Ages, the Popes was extremely In the 16th century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by C • The Protestant Church: refers to the Christian church whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the R As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the `6th, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic C In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan • Christianity: refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus C It was founded in the 1st century in P Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of C In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church and Orthodox Eastern Church(东正教)学校的不同：回答：British Educaion• Public schools: are the secondary boarding schools that prepare students chiefly for They are supported entirely by fees and private • The name “public school” is traditional one with little meaning today, since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • “Public school” is a traditional name with little meaning today, because far from being public, public schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • Some people feel, the greatest argument for public schools is the strikingly high proportion of ex-public-school boys occupying senior posts in the government, the armed forces, the church, t he universities, the professions, and even in They say, this proves the superiority of a public school • It was the public schools that laid the foundations of English • In England, parents who are rich and conservative in politics will most probably send their children to public • Three famous public schools in Britain: Eton, Harrow and R• Prep schools: also called preparatory schools, they are private elementary schools in Britain, which prepare their students for public • The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, and there is a distinctive boarding At the age of thirteen, the students will take the “common entrance” examination for admission to a “public school”• The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, since its main target is not the “eleven plus,” but the “common entrance” examination at the age of 13, for admission to a public • The public schools today are no longer as superior and exclusive as they used to • Firstly, their perfect system, their house system and their tradition of sport have been widely adopted in state secondary schools, and ,many grammar schools have academic records which many a public school might • Secondly, many so-called public schools are dependent on an annual grant from the central government, in return for which they award between a quarter and a half of their places to pupils paying reduced fees or none at • Thirdly, all public schools too, except a few of recognized standard, are liable to be inspected by the S• There is thus a gradual progress away from exclusiveness in British • Oxford University was founded in the twelfth It contains about thirty separate • Cambridge University was founded in the thirteenth It contains about twenty separate • There four Scottish universities dating from the 15th and 16th They are St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and E • London University has far more students than any other British • “red brick”: is a slightly contemptuous term to refer to the large group of nineteenth-and-twentieth-century universities and university colleges in B• “red brick” describes their construction, which is contrasted with the more dignified and solidlooking ancient stone architecture of Oxford and C • The two widely admired features of Oxford and Cambridge : are te college system and the tutorial • The college system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby all students live in college during at least part of their The value of this system lies in fostering a community spirit in which a useful mingling of intelligence can take • The tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby each student gets personal tuition once a week in his tutor’s own • Open University: was founded in Britain in 1969 for people who may not get the opportunity for higher education for economic or social It is open to everybody, and does not demand the same formal qualifications as the other It is non- Lectures are broadcast on TV and At the end of the course, successful students are awarded a university • The Welfare State回答：• 1) Britain: a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure, as far as it can, that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment, old age, sickness or over —large • 2) The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed, or unable to earn because they are old or • 3) Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health S • 4) Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum he retirement pension• 1) It may be received by any man from the age of 65 (provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund) if he ceases to work, and by any woman from the age of • 2) A man who continues to work after the age of 65 gets no pension at first, but when he is over 70 he gets a bigger • 3) People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are • 4) There are in addition non-state methods of providing for retirement Family allowances• (1) They are paid directly out of public money contributed by • (2) For the first child of a family, nothing is paid, but an allowance is made for all children after the • (3) The payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (4) There are special payments for widows who have children;payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (5) There are special payments for widows who have "meals on wheels"• "meals on wheels" : refers to meals which are prepared by the public authorities in a central kitchen and then distributed to infirm old people by women who belong to voluntary organizations, using their own • "meals on wheels" (1) It is a kind of unpaid service voluntarily performed by public- spirited (2) Meals are distributed to infirm old people in old peoples' homes by women who belong to voluntary organizations, using their own • The grades of the doctors in hospitals : the “housemen“(实习医生) or residents(住院医生) are in the lowest grade and the Consultants are in the highest • "housemen" or residents: refers to those newly-qualified doctors who spend a year or two living in hospitals gaining experience under • the Consultants(会诊医生) must not work in the hospital for the whole of their They may work in the hospital either for the whole of their time or for part of their

Angel or Devil?Abstract: Is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Key Words: The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, angel, devil, HesterTo be frank, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is the unique book I have read in this However I feel lucky for it is not boring at all, furthermore, it attracted me at the So I want to and have to write my paper about this Most literary critics agree that The Scarlet Letter is Nathaniel Hawthorne's finest and most important work , so do I In this novel, the one who impressed me most is not Hester, Chillingworth or Dimmesdal but P Sometimes, she looks like an angel, but sometimes she is like a So I cannot help wondering whether Pearl is an angel or a devil? When I am asking this question, actually, I mean just for Hester, is Pearl like an angel or like a devil? First, Pearl is Hester Prynne's With rare exception, wherever the mother is found, the child is also When the town official escort her from the prison so that the townspeople might see Pearl is also there --a baby of three months old, winking and turning her little face from the bright As Pearl grows older, her mother dresses her in brilliant colors, for Pearl is her one proud Later, her mother has named her Pearl, with meaning of Little Pearl has beauty, intelligence and physical She is described as a lovely flower, having sprung from a guilty Sometimes Pearl is fanciful to the point that she is almost For instance, while her mother talks with Roger Chillingworth near the seashore, the imaginative child makes herself a mermaid's costume our of Then, as a crowing touch, she gathers some eel-grass and makes for herself a green letter "A", imitating as closely as possible her mother's scarlet Pearl often plays in the sunshine; whereas the sunshine will not shine directly on H The child is so close to nature that the little animal in the forest scene, such as partridges, pigeons, and squirrels, almost completely ignore her when she is passing by They recognize a wildness in the human child comparable to their Pearl is also very sympathetic For example, during the festivities of the New England Holiday, it is Pearl who describes D She remarks that in the dark nighttime and in the forest he is one type of person--loving and friendly; in the sunny days, he is a different sort of man, for he does not know She remarks:"A strange, sad man is he, with his hand always over his heart!" Pearl, by instinct, has supposed some things to be true which are All of these express the good aspect of P However, there are also majority of words that will give the opposite She is also Hester's child of She obeys no ruled unless she wishes to do Her moods change If she is crossed in any way, the child flies into a At one moment, she is wild, desperate, and filled with bad temper and gloom; then, suddenly, she can change in the sunny, happy child who wants to assure her mother of her love by kissing Pearl seems to have no set standard to govern her own behaviour-- she reacts according to her particular feeling of the Moreover, she has a certain peculiar look on her face which sometimes causes Hester to question whether or not Pearl is a human child or a being from another world like a little Her eyes are wild, bright, deeply- She is described as an imp of evil, emblem and product of The Puritan children flee in fear when resentful Pearl chases after them, flinging stones and shrill words at Once, Hester is frightened when she looks into the mirror of Pearl's She sees a freakish, elfish look In the headpiece of the armour in Governor Bellingham's hall, Hester is disturbed to see Pearl's expression, as it is reflected in the metal The child has an elfish look of naughty merriment, as if an imp were seeking to mould itself in Pearl's Attracted by the brightness of her mother's scarlet letter, the three-year-old Pearl plays game, flinging wildflowers at her mother's symbol of When Pearl playfully declares that she has no Heavenly Father, Hester remembers that some of the townspeople regard Pearl as an offspring of the Then, is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Do you remember the scene when she defends her capability to care for Pearl when she talks with Governor Bellingham, one of people planing to take the child from her? She loves Dimmesdal in a sense, so she must love their child, P It is Pearl who stay with her for a so long From my point of view, she is an angel for Hester, and this is also the reason why Hester gave Pearl this kind of In fact, in our real life, how can a mother hate her own child? This is the strongest reason for my Totally speaking, Pearl, like an angel, is always guarding Hester all the time, and so does Hester, who always keep protecting Pearl in her whole References: Charles Leawitt ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne's THE SCARLET LETTER and THE HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES, THE BLTIHEDALE ROMANCE , THE MARBLE FAUN