自然杂志上的一篇论文在全世界引起了轰动英文翻译

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傲慢与偏见》是这样开始的“凡是有财产的单身汉, 必定需要娶位太太, 这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉, 每逢新搬到一个地方, 四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的心情如何, 见解如何, 可是,既然这样一条真理已在人们心目中根深蒂固, 因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。”[1]( P1) 这里所说的婚姻, 显然不涉及感情, 纯粹是个经济问题、生存问题。对于那些待嫁的女孩子, 彬格莱只是个抽象所在, 她们远远看见他“身穿蓝上衣, 骑着一匹黑马”就够了, 关键是有“财产”。[2]( P16) 简·奥斯丁所描写的婚姻, 不是作为爱情结果的婚姻, 而是作为经济需要的婚姻。因此, 我们可以说, 与作者声称的相反, 所谓“有财产的单身汉, 必定需要娶位太太”根本不是“举世公认的真理”, 而是班纳特太太的一厢情愿。我们可以说,在《傲慢与偏见》中, 真正的“举世公认的真理”, 不是“有财产的单身汉需要娶位太太”, 而是“没有财产的妇女需要嫁有财产的丈夫! ”从《傲慢与偏见》的整个描写来看, 作者不是探索妇女问题, 而是资本主义社会, 既占有欲泛滥成灾的社会条件下的婚姻关系, 推而广之, 也是考察经济关系在婚姻、在人们生活中的决定作用。[3]( P25) 在《傲慢与偏见》中, 看到的围绕婚姻关系的描写, 浮在最表面的是会客、喝茶、跳舞、聊天儿等一个谈笑风生的社交世界。可是, 另一方面, 这里又是一个由经济基础决定一切的生存竞争的世界。我们看到, 充斥全书的是数字, 数字, 数字。当然, 除了具体的金钱数字, 还有由经济地位决定的社会地位。是经济、数字决定人们的生活与命运, 决定着婚姻关系。由此可见, 资产阶级婚姻的实质无非是金交易、利益的结合。四、简·奥斯丁理想的婚姻观简·奥斯丁在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理, 表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度, 从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观: 为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的; 而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此, 她既反对为金钱而结婚, 也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性, 并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。中的女主人公伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭, 为富豪子弟达西所热爱。达西不顾门第和财富的差距, 向她求婚, 却遭到拒绝。伊丽莎白对他的误会和偏见是一个原因, 但主要的是她讨厌他的傲慢。因为达西的这种傲慢实际上是地位差异的反映,只要存在这种傲慢, 他与伊丽莎白之间就不可能有共同的思想感情,也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白亲眼观察了达西的为人处世和一系列所作所为, 特别是看到他改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态, 消除了对他的误会和偏见, 从而他缔结了美满姻缘。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度, 实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。从小说看, 伊丽莎白聪敏机智, 有胆识, 有远见, 有很强的自尊心, 并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲, 这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质, 才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见, 并导致她与达西组成美满的庭。五、小说的现实意义《傲慢与偏见》傲慢与偏见虽是一出闪烁着斗智意味的爱情轻喜剧, 但实际却告诉我们一个真理, 那就是牢固的爱情是婚姻的奠基石。为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的; 而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。简·奥斯丁通过小说告诉人们必须行动和自省才有希望, 人的尊严绝不是与生俱来的, 而是从行动和自省中获得, 透过理性的行动,把人类的王国建立得具有一个心灵价值的模式, 以与物质世俗有别。 Pride and Prejudice " has been that "every that such starts bachelor having property , surely, need has married Mrs , this has already become a truth being universally Such a bachelor , a on every occasion new move to local, all the neighbouring households does not know about his state of mind though complete how, view how , in any case, people always looks upon him as one property deserved by a self some daughter reason therefore since a such truth becomes deeply ingrained in in mental view already in people" [1] (P1) marriage said by here, evidently does not relate to affection , is economic problems , survival problem Treat the girl who marries to those, Gelai handsome and solid however abstract location, they see that his "body has the blue upper outer garment on try to far , have reached be riding one black horse ", key is to have "property" [2] (P16) simplifies marriage depicted by · Austen , is not being love result marriage , but being the marriage that economy Therefore, we can say with the antagonism that the author claims , "bachelor having property what is called, one's own wishful thinking surely needing to marry Mrs " being not "the truth being universally acknowledged" , but Bannate Mrs at We can say in "Pride and Prejudice ", "truth being universally acknowledged" really, the woman who is not "bachelor having property needing to marry Mrs " , but "not having property needs to marry the husband who has property! "Secondary "Pride and Prejudice " entireness depicts coming , the author is not exploration woman problem , but capitalist society , marriage relation, applies broadly now that the society condition occupying a desire being widespread and uncurbed is lower , is also that the relation inspecting economy acts on marriage , decision in living in [3] (P25) is in "Pride and Prejudice " middle, encompassment marriage relation depicting seeing that, float in most, the surface being receives a guest , one such as drinking tea , dancing , chatting talks cheerfully and humorously social contact But, on the other hand, here be a world deciding all struggles for existance's from the economic That we see , are full of a complete book's is a figure , figure , Still have the social position deciding from economic status certainly, except concrete money Be that economy , the figure decide people's life and destiny, relation being deciding It can be seen from it that bourgeoisie marriage essence is gold business , the benefit union Five daughters treat four, a great event in one's life diversity treatment in simplifying simple 9 9 of ideal · Austen marriage Taoist temple Austen in this novel by Bannate , show different to marriage love problem attitude of villages and towns middle class family origin young girl, the marriage having reflected author self thereby watches: Composing in reply position but getting married for property , money is wrong; But get married not thinking that the above-mentioned factor is also Therefore, she also opposes with marriage ding-dang trifling matter now that go against is money but get She emphasizes ideal marriage significance , affection looks on men and women both sides as and the foundation stone establishing ideal The hit the target heroine Elizabeth family background Yu squireen family, is that rich and powerful people children reaches what the west loves The gap reaching the west giving no consideration to family status and wealth, makes a proposal to her, but is turned Elizabeth is a cause to his misapprehension and prejudice , is that she is disgusted with his arrogancy but This is arrogant because of reaching this arrogant the west in effect is that position difference reporting, needs only existence , have common minds and sentiments right away impossibly between him and Elizabeth, marriage also impossibly with lofty Elizabeth has observed the conduct self in society and a train of conduct overall behavior reaching the west with own eyes hereafter , has seen him especially have changed that proud conceited expression going over , has removed misapprehension and prejudice to him, he has established a happy marriage Different to reaching the west successively making a proposal several time attitude of Elizabeth, has reflected the female go after to the personality independence and equal rights in This is Elizabeth this one personage image progress And as for the novel, Elizabeth is sagacious quick-witted , have courage and insight , have foresight, have very strong self-respect, be good at pondering a Talked right away at that time during the past not yet engaged Miss, this is Exactly be that she has independent self's own judgment on love problem since this quality , talent make , lead to her and reach the west being composed of the happy court Five, though novel practical or immediate significance "Pride and Prejudice " Pride and Prejudice being that one is putting up scintillation battle of wits implication love makes light of comedy, but reality but informing us of a truth , being solid love is the marriage foundation Composing in reply position but getting married for property , money is wrong; But get married not thinking that the above-mentioned factor is also Simple · Austen tells people to must act and self-examines to have hope just now by the novel, that people's dignity is born-with by no means, is to gain , permeate the reason action but from the middle acting and self-examining , the pattern human being's kingdom is built such that having a soul value, distinguishes from in order to having with matter common
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Shiro白小白

《牛虻》1897年在英国出版，半个世纪后被译成中文时，也就是1947年左右。《牛虻》李良民译的，1953年中国青年出版社出版，1957年再版。作者根据梁启超、严复和林纾做出的卓越贡献，首次提出应将他们称为那个时期的译坛“三杰”。梁启超被列于榜首；他虽年纪最轻，译的作品最少，但他创办大同译书局，培养翻译人才，以政治影响翻译事业，故而所起的作用最大。“三杰”积极引进西学，帮助国人了解西方人的生活，了解西方社会先进的政治体制及社会制度，从而激发国人变革的思想。该部分还用大篇幅介绍了清末民初的科学翻译、小说翻译、诗歌翻译和戏剧翻译，并叙述了中国文化在域外传播的情况。民国时期，我国的翻译事业蓬勃发展，鲁迅、郭沫若、茅盾、瞿秋白、刘半农、郑振铎、曹靖华、董秋斯、朱生豪、梁实秋、傅东华以及梅益等翻译大家的活动，把翻译事业推向了辉煌的巅峰。此际西学东渐风气日炽，许多学子负笈欧美，译著颇丰，门类包括诗歌、小说、剧本等，译著按国别划分为苏俄、美国、英国、法国、德国、日本等等。这一时期是全书叙述的重点，所列举的译者译著最多，占的篇幅最大。第三部分展示建国后的翻译活动，介绍了师哲、巴金、李良民、刘伯承、楼适夷、高值、刘宓庆、焦菊隐、丰子恺、文洁若、成仿吾、郭大力、飞白、荣如德、杨武能、黄龙、罗新璋等杰出的翻译家和翻译理论家，详尽叙述了发生在这一时期的对苏俄文化、日本文化、法国文化、德国文化、北美文化、英国文化以及印度等弱小国家文化的译介情况。该史的一个显著特点是浓墨重彩地阐述中国翻译理论的构建情况，把“信达雅”、“硬译”、“学、思、得”等散落在各处的“珍珠”穿缀起来，形成一个体系，熠熠生辉。《20世纪中国翻译史》的出版，无论在国内译坛还是国际译坛都引起了轰动。2005年国际著名学术刊物《视角：翻译学研究》(Perspective:Studies in Translatology) (Cao，2005：155)提到：“《20世纪中国翻译史》阐述了二十世纪中国的翻译活动。它追溯了中国翻译活动和理论研究的百年历史，并且展现了翻译家们对这项伟大事业所做出的贡献。此书广泛介绍了一批杰出的翻译家、他们的作品、思想，以及他们对中国社会的影响，由此概括了中国翻译研究的发展方向。”国际译联权威杂志Babel(He Aijun, Yu Yingji, 2006：1)也刊登了数千言的文章，对《20世纪中国翻译史》及其作者方华文的翻译思想进行了介绍，盛赞此书“填补了自五四运动以来中国翻译史的一段空白”。在国内，《中国科技翻译》（2006，2）、《博览群书》（2005,10）、《文艺报》(2006,8,17)等报刊杂志都撰文给予高度的评价。
221 评论

东北小茬子521

翻译：have published some papers in the journal【详释】在期刊上：in the journal，地点状语放在句尾发表了：have published，谓语动词，根据语境用了现在进行时论文：（some） papers，宾语，英语语言习惯加上some，也可以用a paper表示单一的论文。
304 评论

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