材料开发与应用投稿经验介绍英文

《热带医学杂志》 收录发表的论文涵盖寄生虫学、微生物学、病毒学、免疫学等主要领域所涉及的地方病、传染病学研究成果，突出热带医学特色。 1．交稿 应具有科学性、创新性、实用性。论点明确、文字精练、资料可靠、数据准确。本刊为国内外公开发行期刊，不得一稿两投，来稿应附有单位介绍信。每篇论据或综述的篇幅一般4000～5000字左右，具特别重要价值的论文不限字数；实验研究、防治经验、调查报告一般在3000字左右。2．文题 力求简明，充分反映文章的主题，中文文题一般不超过20个汉字，英文文题应符合英文习惯。3．作者与单位4．各类文稿的写作格式(1)论著 由题目、作者、作者单位、摘要(包括：目的、方法、结果、结论)、关键词、前言、材料与方法、结果、讨论、致谢、主要参考文献、英文摘要及关键词等部份组成。(2)综述 摘要、正文、小结、参考文献、英文题目。(3)综合报道 摘要、关键词、前言、正文、展望、小结、英文摘要、参考文献。(4)流行病学调查 摘要(可包括：目的、方法、结果、结论)、关键词、前言、调查对象(或一般情况)与调查方法、结果、讨论、致谢、参考文献、英文摘要、关键词。(5)疾病防治 摘要、关键词、前言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢、参考文献、英文摘要、关键词。(6)病例报告 摘要、关键词、前言、病例报告、讨论、致谢、英文题目。(7)简报或快报 摘要(目的、方法、结果、结论)、关键词、前言、材料与方法、结果与讨论、致谢、参考文献、英文摘要、关键词。(8)其它版面 人物/单位介绍(可附照片)、药物介绍、学术会议纪要、消息(如会议消息)、管理工作经验等栏目按自然段写作。(9)教学论文 按论著格式写。 来稿打印一份寄编辑部，然后用E-mail形式发到杂志社邮箱。稿件处理 来稿一般在2个月内可收到回音，并在9个月内发表。如要求提前发表请特别说明。回修稿件应在1个月内修回，否则视作自动撤稿。请自留稿件，对不采用稿件恕不退回。不论是否采用，稿件寄交时要同时交稿件处理费40元；待发表稿件将收版面费；稿件发表后将酌致稿酬(已含光盘版、网络版稿酬)并赠送当期杂志2册。

《材料开发与应用》(双月刊, ISSN1003-1545, CN41-1149/TB)是中国造船工程学会船舶材料学术委员会和洛阳船舶材料研究所共同主办,海洋腐蚀与防护重点实验室协办的材料科学技术性刊物，国内外公开发行。本刊一直是“中国科技核心期刊”、“中国科技论文统计与分析源期刊”、“中国金属文摘数据库重点收录期刊”和“中文材料类核心期刊”，也是“美国化学文摘（CA）收录期刊”。1991年获首届中国船舶工业总公司优秀科技期刊奖，1995年获第二届“中国船舶工业总公司优秀科技期刊奖”，2003年获河南省优秀科技期刊奖。　　本刊自1978年创刊以来，坚持振兴船舶工业、提高材料开发与应用水平、为国防工业和国民经济建设服务的办刊宗旨。报道内容以船舶和海洋工程材料为主，兼收相关行业在材料方面的研究开发成果，注重科研成果的推广应用及高新技术成果的产业化。主要刊登上述领域的材料研制、材料工艺、材料性能研究及分析与测试等方面的研究报告、学术论文、专题评述等，尤其注重报道高新技术及实用技术在上述领域中的应用。　　《材料开发与应用》主要栏目有：金属材料(组织与性能、热加工、腐蚀与保护)、非金属材料能材料、高技术新材料、材料试验技术、实用技术、经验交流、综合信息和专题综述等 　　期刊名称： 　 材料开发与应用 　　期刊汉语拼音： 　 CAILIAO KAIFA YU YINGYONG 　　期刊外文名： 　 Development and Application of Materials 　　刊 期： 　 双月 　　创办日期： 　 1978 　　主管部门： 　 中国船舶重工集团公司 　　主办单位： 　 洛阳船舶材料研究所、中国造船工程学会船舶材料委员会 协办单位： 海洋腐蚀与防护重点实验室　　承办单位： 　 洛阳船舶材料研究所 　　主 编： 　 王其红 　　刊社地址： 　 河南洛阳滨河南路169号 　 　　编辑部通信地址： 　 河南洛阳023信箱5分箱 　　邮政编码： 　 471039 　　国内统一刊号： 　 CN 41-1149/TB 　　国际标准刊号： 　 ISSN 1003-1545 　　发行范围： 　 国内外公开发行 　　订购处： 　 河南洛阳023信箱5分箱编辑部 　　广告经营许可证： 　 4103004000013 　　国内定价： 　 ￥00 　　国外定价： 　 $00 　　出版日期： 　 双月15日

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+Science&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=EYOdzukZQ7&sig=bskKId1Ujx5wNc8wLgAqP7KWILw材料科学 Materials ScienceMaterials science or materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and This science investigates the relationship between the structure of materials and their It includes elements of applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical With significant media attention to nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years, materials science has been propelled to the forefront at many It is also an important part of forensic engineering and forensic materials engineering, the study of failed products and HistoryThe material of choice of a given era is often its defining point; the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Steel Age are examples of Materials science is one of the oldest forms of engineering and applied science, deriving from the manufacture of Modern materials science evolved directly from metallurgy, which itself evolved from A major breakthrough in the understanding of materials occurred in the late 19th century, when Willard Gibbs demonstrated that thermodynamic properties relating to atomic structure in various phases are related to the physical properties of a Important elements of modern materials science are a product of the space race: the understanding and engineering of the metallic alloys, and silica and carbon materials, used in the construction of space vehicles enabling the exploration of Materials science has driven, and been driven by, the development of revolutionary technologies such as plastics, semiconductors, and Before the 1960s (and in some cases decades after), many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on The field has since broadened to include every class of materials, including: ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, magnetic materials, medical implant materials and biological [edit] Fundamentals of materials scienceIn materials science, rather than haphazardly looking for and discovering materials and exploiting their properties, one instead aims to understand materials fundamentally so that new materials with the desired properties can be The basis of all materials science involves relating the desired properties and relative performance of a material in a certain application to the structure of the atoms and phases in that material through The major determinants of the structure of a material and thus of its properties are its constituent chemical elements and the way in which it has been processed into its final These, taken together and related through the laws of thermodynamics, govern a material’s microstructure, and thus its An old adage in materials science says: "materials are like people; it is the defects that make them interesting" The manufacture of a perfect crystal of a material is currently physically Instead materials scientists manipulate the defects in crystalline materials such as precipitates, grain boundaries (Hall-Petch relationship), interstitial atoms, vacancies or substitutional atoms, to create materials with the desired Not all materials have a regular crystal Polymers display varying degrees of crystallinity, and many are completely non- Glasses, some ceramics, and many natural materials are amorphous, not possessing any long-range order in their atomic The study of polymers combines elements of chemical and statistical thermodynamics to give thermodynamic, as well as mechanical, descriptions of physical In addition to industrial interest, materials science has gradually developed into a field which provides tests for condensed matter or solid state New physics emerge because of the diverse new material properties which need to be [edit] Materials in industryRadical materials advances can drive the creation of new products or even new industries, but stable industries also employ materials scientists to make incremental improvements and troubleshoot issues with currently used Industrial applications of materials science include materials design, cost-benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials, processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, ), and analytical techniques (characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB), Rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, )Besides material characterisation, the material scientist/engineer also deals with the extraction of materials and their conversion into useful Thus ingot casting, foundry techniques, blast furnace extraction, and electrolytic extraction are all part of the required knowledge of a metallurgist/ Often the presence, absence or variation of minute quantities of secondary elements and compounds in a bulk material will have a great impact on the final properties of the materials produced, for instance, steels are classified based on 1/10th and 1/100 weight percentages of the carbon and other alloying elements they Thus, the extraction and purification techniques employed in the extraction of iron in the blast furnace will have an impact of the quality of steel that may be The overlap between physics and materials science has led to the offshoot field of materials physics, which is concerned with the physical properties of The approach is generally more macroscopic and applied than in condensed matter See important publications in materials physics for more details on this field of The study of metal alloys is a significant part of materials Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steels) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon For the steels, the hardness and tensile strength of the steel is directly related to the amount of carbon present, with increasing carbon levels also leading to lower ductility and The addition of silicon and graphitization will produce cast irons (although some cast irons are made precisely with no graphitization) The addition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum to carbon steels (more than 10%) gives us stainless Other significant metallic alloys are those of aluminium, titanium, copper and Copper alloys have been known for a long time (since the Bronze Age), while the alloys of the other three metals have been relatively recently Due to the chemical reactivity of these metals, the electrolytic extraction processes required were only developed relatively The alloys of aluminium, titanium and magnesium are also known and valued for their high strength-to-weight ratios and, in the case of magnesium, their ability to provide electromagnetic These materials are ideal for situations where high strength-to-weight ratios are more important than bulk cost, such as in the aerospace industry and certain automotive engineering Other than metals, polymers and ceramics are also an important part of materials Polymers are the raw materials (the resins) used to make what we commonly call Plastics are really the final product, created after one or more polymers or additives have been added to a resin during processing, which is then shaped into a final Polymers which have been around, and which are in current widespread use, include polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene, nylons, polyesters, acrylics, polyurethanes, and Plastics are generally classified as "commodity", "specialty" and "engineering" PVC (polyvinyl-chloride) is widely used, inexpensive, and annual production quantities are It lends itself to an incredible array of applications, from artificial leather to electrical insulation and cabling, packaging and Its fabrication and processing are simple and well- The versatility of PVC is due to the wide range of plasticisers and other additives that it The term "additives" in polymer science refers to the chemicals and compounds added to the polymer base to modify its material Polycarbonate would be normally considered an engineering plastic (other examples include PEEK, ABS) Engineering plastics are valued for their superior strengths and other special material They are usually not used for disposable applications, unlike commodity Specialty plastics are materials with unique characteristics, such as ultra-high strength, electrical conductivity, electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability, It should be noted here that the dividing line between the various types of plastics is not based on material but rather on their properties and For instance, polyethylene (PE) is a cheap, low Friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas Medium-Density Polyethylene MDPE is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip Another application of material science in industry is the making of composite Composite materials are structured materials composed of two or more macroscopic An example would be steel-reinforced concrete; another can be seen in the "plastic" casings of television sets, cell-phones and so These plastic casings are usually a composite material made up of a thermoplastic matrix such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in which calcium carbonate chalk, talc, glass fibres or carbon fibres have been added for added strength, bulk, or electro-static These additions may be referred to as reinforcing fibres, or dispersants, depending on their [edit] Classes of materials (by bond types)Materials science encompasses various classes of materials, each of which may constitute a separate Materials are sometimes classified by the type of bonding present between the atoms:Ionic crystals Covalent crystals Metals Intermetallics Semiconductors Polymers Composite materials Vitreous materials [edit] Sub-fields of materials scienceNanotechnology – rigorously, the study of materials where the effects of quantum confinement, the Gibbs-Thomson effect, or any other effect only present at the nanoscale is the defining property of the material; but more commonly, it is the creation and study of materials whose defining structural properties are anywhere from less than a nanometer to one hundred nanometers in scale, such as molecularly engineered Microtechnology - study of materials and processes and their interaction, allowing microfabrication of structures of micrometric dimensions, such as MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) Crystallography – the study of how atoms in a solid fill space, the defects associated with crystal structures such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and the characterization of these structures and their relation to physical Materials Characterization – such as diffraction with x-rays, electrons, or neutrons, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical analysis such as Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), chromatography, thermal analysis, electron microscope analysis, , in order to understand and define the properties of See also List of surface analysis methods Metallurgy – the study of metals and their alloys, including their extraction, microstructure and Biomaterials – materials that are derived from and/or used with biological Electronic and magnetic materials – materials such as semiconductors used to create integrated circuits, storage media, sensors, and other Tribology – the study of the wear of materials due to friction and other Surface science/Catalysis – interactions and structures between solid-gas solid-liquid or solid-solid Ceramography – the study of the microstructures of high-temperature materials and refractories, including structural ceramics such as RCC, polycrystalline silicon carbide and transformation toughened ceramics Some practitioners often consider rheology a sub-field of materials science, because it can cover any material that However, modern rheology typically deals with non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, so it is often considered a sub-field of continuum See also granular Glass Science – any non-crystalline material including inorganic glasses, vitreous metals and non-oxide Forensic engineering – the study of how products fail, and the vital role of the materials of construction Forensic materials engineering – the study of material failure, and the light it sheds on how engineers specify materials in their product [edit] Topics that form the basis of materials scienceThermodynamics, statistical mechanics, kinetics and physical chemistry, for phase stability, transformations (physical and chemical) and Crystallography and chemical bonding, for understanding how atoms in a material are Mechanics, to understand the mechanical properties of materials and their structural Solid-state physics and quantum mechanics, for the understanding of the electronic, thermal, magnetic, chemical, structural and optical properties of Diffraction and wave mechanics, for the characterization of Chemistry and polymer science, for the understanding of plastics, colloids, ceramics, liquid crystals, solid state chemistry, and Biology, for the integration of materials into biological Continuum mechanics and statistics, for the study of fluid flows and ensemble Mechanics of materials, for the study of the relation between the mechanical behavior of materials and their 材料科学材料是人类可以利用的物质，一般是指固体。而材料科学是研究材料的制备或加工工艺、材料结构与材料性能三者之间的相互关系的科学。涉及的理论包括固体物理学，材料化学，与电子工程结合，则衍生出电子材料，与机械结合则衍生出结构材料，与生物学结合则衍生出生物材料等等。材料科学理论物理冶金学 晶体学 固体物理学 材料化学 材料热力学 材料动力学 材料计算科学[编辑] 材料的分类按化学状态分类 金属材料 无机物非金属材料 陶瓷材料 有机材料 高分子材料 按物理性质分类 高强度材料 耐高温材料 超硬材料 导电材料 绝缘材料 磁性材料 透光材料 半导体材料 按状态分类 单晶材料 多晶质材料 非晶态材料 准晶态材料 按物理效应分类 压电材料 热电材料 铁电材料 光电材料 电光材料 声光材料 磁光材料 激光材料 按用途分类 建筑材料 结构材料 研磨材料 耐火材料 耐酸材料 电工材料 电子材料 光学材料 感光材料 包装材料 按组成分类 单组分材料 复合材料 [编辑] 材料工程技术金属材料成形 机械加工 热加工 陶瓷冶金 粉末冶金 薄膜生长技术 表面处理技术 表面改性技术 表面涂覆技术 热处理 [编辑] 材料的应用结构材料 信息材料 存储材料 半导体材料 宇航材料 建筑材料 能源材料 生物材料 环境材料 储能材料和含能材料 参考%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6