汽车，即本身具有动力得以驱动，不须依轨道或电力架设，得以机动行驶之车辆。广义来说，具有四轮行驶的车辆，普遍多称为汽车。虽然，长久以来学术各界对“谁是第一位汽车发明者”皆有不同的看法及论述，未有完全一致性的看法，但是，绝大部份学者皆将德国工程师卡尔·本茨视为第一位发明者。美国人亨利·福特首先大量生产平价汽车，是使汽车得以普及化的人。汽车（Car，卡尔·本茨发明）是一种现代交通工具，英文原译为“自动车”，在日本也称“自动车”（日本汉字中的汽车则是指我们所说的火车），其他文种也多称为“自动车”，只有在中国例外。由动力驱动，具有四个或四个以上车轮的非轨道承载的车辆，主要用于：——载运人员和/或货物（物品）；——牵引载运货物（物品）的车辆或特殊用途的车辆；——专项作业。本术语还包括：a）与电力线相联的车辆，如无轨电车；b) 整车整备质量超过 400kg的不带驾驶室的三轮车辆；c) 整车整备质量超过 600kg的带驾驶室的三轮车辆。
My View on Developing the Car IndustryWith the development of modern industry,more and more families are able to have their own But,seeing the problems like air pollution and the reduction of resources,some people appeal for the reduction of private Still,I think there is every reason for the even faster development of the car Thanks to the development of the car industry, we do not have to cram in the buses, but can enjoy free travel in own cars, we can go to more places in a leisure Transportation becomes comfortable and But there are those who worry that too many cars may cause more traffic problems, serious:air pollution and the exhaustion ofresources, While these problems may be true, they can be solved and some are being For example, we can invent cars that: can save fuel or use other types of energy so that cars can still ＇be used even though resources run To reduce pollution, people have manufactured many cars without We can relieve the traffic pressure by building more and more roads or-adopt computer-monitored automated For all the contemporary problems cars bring, no one can deny the convenience cars bring us and ignore the effort We make to solve these Therefore,the development of the car industry is necessary, and it should develop as quickly as
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The lighter drive 更轻便的驾驶理念Electric cars made from carbon fibre will be safer and go farther 电瓶汽车+碳纤维材料=安全，耐用They look safe in thereMARK WEBBER has a lot to thank tiny strands of carbon When his Formula 1 car cartwheeled in a spectacular 306kph (190mph) crash at the recent Valencia Grand Prix, what helped him to escape unscathed was the immensely strong carbon-fibre “tub” that racing drivers now sit Carbon fibre is an expensive alternative to making things in steel or aluminium, but besides being extremely strong it is also very It is found in high-performance parts, like aircraft wings, bits of supercars and the frames of pricey mountain But if work by Germany’s BMW proves successful, it could also become the material of choice to mass-produce electric 6月，F1瓦伦西亚大奖赛发生了惊人一幕：以每小时306公里（190英里）行驶在赛道上的马克�6�1韦伯发生了严重的翻车事故。奇迹的是，韦伯本人毫发无 伤。奥妙之处就在于当下流行于F1的——碳纤维底座。虽然与铁，铝相比，它的造价较高，但是抗压及轻便性都远远好于铁和铝。目前，炭纤维材料还大多使用在 高精度领域，如飞机机翼，F1赛车，或是私人山地车等。不过这一传统观念可能会被宝马公司打破，一旦试验成功，那么碳纤维就可以率先广泛应用在电动汽车领 域。The Bavarian carmaker plans to launch a new plug-in electric car in It will be one of the first designed from scratch to use an electric motor rather than being converted from an existing Reducing the weight of this four-seater car, known as the Megacity concept, will be crucial to improving its performance and So BMW is planning to use no steel at The Megacity will be built as two modules: an aluminium chassis will contain the electric drive-system and battery, and a body made almost entirely of carbon fibre will be fitted onto 德国汽车制造商正计划将在2013年推出一款电瓶可拆卸式环保车。这并不是从现有车型改装而来，而是设计师卧薪尝胆的一次全新尝试。更轻便的4人坐驾，完 全符合现代城市环保理念，这款“无铁”车型的设计，彰显出了它的与众不同与理念上的更新换代。但是这样一个设想目前还处在起步阶段，或许成功的那天，汽车 铝制底盘上充电驾驶装置与设备，及全身碳纤维的设计工艺，能够更好的诠释大城市的环保概念。Carbon fibre is 30% lighter than aluminium and 50% lighter than The fibres are extremely tear- When woven into a lattice structure and impregnated with resin they can produce a part that is stronger than The trouble is the process is labour-intensive and slow, not least because components may have to be cured for hours under pressure in massive ovens called For carmakers, used to stamping out steel body-parts in a few seconds, this has ruled out carbon fibre for high-volume BMW, however, aims to change 碳纤维比铝轻便30%，是铁的50%。同时，由于纤维具有极强的抗断裂性，再融入树脂形成晶体结构后，那么它的强度就要超过铁。但是这道工序属于劳动密集 型，效率相对较低，以前车用铁制品的切割仅需要几秒钟时间就能完成，而现在则需要在高压炉内高温锻造几个小时，因此，大量生产碳纤维的可能性不高。不过， 宝马公司目前也正在试图改变这一情况。Its production line starts with a so-called precursor: a fibre spun from a This is carbonised by heating it in multiple stages to leave individual carbon fibres just seven microns (007 millimetres) Around 50,000 of these fibres are bundled together into a yarn which is then made into a This can be cut and handled like a Strips of fabric are then overlaid to align their fibres in such a way to maximise their load-bearing characteristics as required—in effect tailoring components like a bespoke 现在，宝马生产线守开先河，将聚合体加工成纤维状，这个碳化过程需要在高温下进行几道工序，最后产生的碳纤维厚度只有7微米（007毫米）。然后，大 概将5000根这样的纤维拧成一股就成了纤维织物，再将这样的纤维根据它的陌生能力将它切割成最合适的尺寸，实际上，这个步骤与量体裁衣有异曲同工之妙。Along come the robots 自动机将助一臂之力BMW uses molds, heat and pressure to produce contours in the Resin is then injected into the molds to bond the fibres How the resin flows through the fibres is crucial; it has to be done quickly and leave no area untreated before it starts to A release agent in the resin migrates to the surface to prevent the component sticking in the The whole process, which can be handled by robots, is completed in 然后，再利用模具与高温将纤维织物打造成型。首先，将树脂注入模具粘合纤维，这里有两个细节非常关键，一是动作要快不能拖泥带水，二是在没有粘合之前确保 模具内的树脂流向均匀。树脂中混有的隔离剂此时发挥功效，避免了纤维与模具发生粘连。整道工序，在自动仪器的协助下，仅需几分钟便可完成。The resulting carbon-fibre parts are bonded together to construct the body of the Besides their lightness, BMW’s experimental vehicles have exceeded expectations in crash tests, says the During front- and rear-impact-tests the aluminium chassis crumples to absorb energy, but leaves the rigid carbon-fibre passenger compartment Even extreme side-impacts protected the crash dummies and the battery (automatically switched off when the airbags trigger) In many cases crash damage is reparable by cutting out broken sections of carbon fibre and bonding in new 此时的碳纤维就可以应用于汽车制造。宝马公司声称：除了超轻便的特性之外，碳纤维的抗挤压能力也令人惊叹。在对车头车尾抗冲击测试中发现，一方面是铝制底 盘受到挤压而变形，缓冲了部分能量，而坚硬的碳纤维能够保证车身安然无恙。即使是侧面来的强力冲击，也能够有效保护车厢内假人模型及电瓶毫发无伤（当然， 气囊装置启动电瓶能够自动断电）。即便是车身有所受损，也不用担心，切割掉受损部分再粘合上新部件，完全可以让车体恢复原状。At some point, however, carbon-fibre cars will be Steel and aluminium is easy to recycle, but carbon fibre is Carmakers are working with aerospace firms on ways to do BMW has pioneered a process to reuse offcuts by breaking them up with heat to turn them back into raw This can be used to make composites with about half the strength of new carbon 铝的回收再利用技术已经非常成熟，但是从某角度来说，碳纤维这方面的技术还有待研究。目前，制造商正和宇宙空间机构合作，试图填补这一空白。眼下，处理碳 纤维“边脚料”最先进的方法还是来自宝马公司，他们通过高温分解，能够使之退回成未加工状态。通过此种方法生产出的复合材料也具有碳纤维一半的硬度。Another advantage of a carbon-fibre body is that it will not So, apart from the battery wearing out in ten years or so, electric cars could last for decades (electric motors need little servicing) This will make it even harder for car designers to persuade those driving electrically to trade in their rustless, tough-as-old-boots vehicles for a new 碳纤维的另一优势在于不易腐蚀，如果不考虑电瓶10年左右的使用寿命，这种碳纤维电瓶汽车可以使用长达几十年（当然马达还是需要检修的）。与结实耐穿的靴 子让人不忍丢弃一样，当设计理念再有突飞猛进的发展时，如何让使用者放弃碳纤维电瓶汽车，设计者可要好好动一番脑筋喽。英文附带汉语拼音，希望对你有所帮助。
My View on Developing the Car IndustryWith the development of modern industry,more and more families are able to have their own But,seeing the problems like air pollution and the reduction of resources,some people appeal for the reduction of private Still,I think there is every reason for the even faster development of the car Thanks to the development of the car industry, we do not have to cram in the buses, but can enjoy free travel in own cars, we can go to more places in a leisure Transportation becomes comfortable and But there are those who worry that too many cars may cause more traffic problems, serious:air pollution and the exhaustion ofresources, While these problems may be true, they can be solved and some are being For example, we can invent cars that: can save fuel or use other types of energy so that cars can still ＇be used even though resources run To reduce pollution, people have manufactured many cars without We can relieve the traffic pressure by building more and more roads or-adopt computer-monitored automated For all the contemporary problems cars bring, no one can deny the convenience cars bring us and ignore the effort We make to solve these Therefore,the development of the car industry is necessary, and it should develop as quickly as
There will always be that when you own something when you do not think it would be valuable, but also do not see the value of it, but when you lose it when it come to repentance, but that at the moment when the lateness of the hour, too late for regrets I now have such a similar A week-long automotive engine disassembly internship is over, memories of this time, he reluctantly are Wanted to be back in a week ago, then put in every day practice as seven hours to 27 hours This is true, this internship opportunities for me are too precious a In this internship, I learned about auto engines knowledge, are ever at a lesson on what can not be And I once again felt the profound theoretical and practical combination of the Teacher because of the arrangement to the engine of our components are Santana 2000 First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that: Santana in Germany Volkswagen L 1982 The company entered Shanghai in 1983, to cooperate with the development of our country has been the development of three generations - four generations of production lines, and in 95 years will be Santana 2000 Electronic Fuel injection system into the The main parameters of motor vehicles including technical parameters, the basic parameters, engine and chassis parameters Structure for the JV type engine, the combustion chamber for the ball flat, so that the function of strong squeezing gas area, to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution Valve for overhead camshaft type, camshaft push rod Advantages of simple structure, the inertia of small parts, the system stiffness, and improve the effective engine Valve for the hydraulic rod to mention, the automatic
呵呵 3000字 20分 说真的兄弟，20元都没有人帮你搞，还带翻译，没一天都搞不出来 可能给某些机构或者个人200元就有可能
我来解决吧呵呵我是sail2011
如果根据推算翻译来定的话，中文600字左右
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找专业的翻译译员吧。上海瑞科翻译公司拥有专业的翻译译员，针对不同领域的翻译，找最恰当的翻译译员来做。
还是找个英语老师帮翻译一下吧，别人翻译的你未必好用，如果你不懂英语，这是专业，错了不好
已经把7篇关于汽车的外文文献发到你邮箱了，关键词为automobile，你里面选择对你最有帮助的来看吧，翻译成3000至4000汉字的应该完全不成问题。希望对你有帮助，也希望能满意。 有不明白地方还可随时再问我。 我邮箱：46******
樱桃结冰？8级2008-11-17[目录]一、金属材料二、塑料材料三、陶瓷材料参考文献[原文]汽车材料的发展是汽车技术发展的重要方面。材料是汽车质量保障的基础，在研制更经济、更安全和更轻便的汽车中，是关键的一环。汽车材料与汽车制造成本和耐用程度密切相关，现代汽车的技术进步，很大程度就是材料技术的进步。所以说新材料新工艺对于汽车工业的发展是至关重要的。下面就分几个方面介绍一下最新汽车材料的应用：一、金属材料1、铝合金由于铝的比重只有铁的三分之一强，质量轻，而且铝材几乎可以全部回收，重新加工使用，对环境保护有好处。有些铝合金材的物理性能已与车用钢材相似，具有相当的强度和刚度，成本也日趋降低。因此，按照目前的技术来减少轿车的重量，最有效的途径就是采用铝材等优质材料来代替钢材。铝材中添加强化元素后，铝材的强度大大加强，并仍然具有质轻、散热性好等特性，这可以满足发动机活塞及汽缸盖等较剧烈工作环境的要求。铝合金进一步拓展其应用范围，随之而来的是进一步降低了整车重量，提高了整车的经济性。[参考资料][1]朱张校，工程材料，清华大学出版社[2]姚贵升，汽车金属材料应用手册（上） 北京：北京理工大学出版社[3]东涛，孟繁茂，王祖滨，傅俊岩，神奇的Nb-铌在钢铁中的应用 [4]崔健，宝钢微合金、低合金钢的发展 2000年全国低合金钢学术年会论文集[5]林滋泉，张晓刚，敖列哥，郝森，鞍钢二十一世纪低合金钢展望[6]张继魁，张爱军，吴振凡，气门弹簧松弛性能的研究[7]李丰功，陈洪星，汽车用易切削钢的开发 汽车材料第十二届年会论文[8]朱铮，汽车用高强度钢板的开发应用和发展 [ 相关资料搜索 ]
3000字的，不多，但要原创的，专业的，这点关键！
装备轻便动力、自行推进的轮式道路车辆 _汽车，在发明之初并非是这个样子的，汽车的发展也有一个漫长的过程。经100多年来的不断改进、创新，凝聚了人类的智慧和匠心，并得益于石油、钢铁、铝、化工、塑料、机械设备、电力、道路:网、电子技术与金融等多种行业的支撑，带动了它们的发展，成为今日这样具有多种型式、不同规格，广泛用于社会经济生活多种领域的交通运输工具。自1970年以来，全球汽车数量几乎每隔15年翻一番，2013年全球汽车产量8738万辆，据预测至2014年世界范围汽车保有量将达12亿辆。[1]
最近回答了好几个关于汽车领域的论文问题，我还是那句话，建议你去找些文献看看，如交通技术这本去学术期刊