Mechanical engineering, machinery and power generation with a relevant engineering Machinery and equipment industry is to provide the basis for the national economy, industry, the development of science and technology with a (This the most important and must be translated)Mechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology based on the theory, combined with technical experience in the production practice, research and resolve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues (This is also very important)Mechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology based on the theory, combined with technical experience in the production practice, research and resolve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues Machinery of modern society the five elements of production and services (people, money, energy, materials and machinery) of, and participation in energy and materials (This is more important)My father was in 1984 and graduated from Shandong University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering, and then assigned to the machinery factory A child I often see him inside the factory of his work for him after work, at the time of the machine had a strong By then my father for my education, I learned that engineering profession, it is a good combination of theory and practice of professional, not only have a wealth of theoretical knowledge, but also have a strong practical ability and practical ability, to the the use of learned to do a perfect My father once said to me: "School of Engineering who not only smart, but also have superior practical " From then on, I set out to study engineering, studied mechanical Now, after these days in Shandong University, studying mechanical engineering knowledge, I have a more profound Shandong University, students of mechanical engineering education in the footsteps of Shandong University of Technology, under the premise of education, combined with the 21st century facing new situations, through a series of reforms, the formation of a unique teaching Shandong University, trained to professional students can adapt to mechanical needs of the community, promote social progress and contribute to Mechanical engineering students, and all engineering majors, not only taught by professional teachers a wealth of theoretical knowledge, as well as specific practical courses, requirements to practice engineering training In addition, one year before graduation, the school will organize the students to the factory specialized training to fully understand the actual situation, to know how to properly apply the knowledge and strengthen their ability in In addition, through these years of understanding and information through Internet I understand that China's overseas engineering students engineering education and health education is still a lot of Although with these different, but this is because different countries have different national conditions of the Every seat in the midst of the University at the same time, but also according to their national conditions to determine which specific educational programs to cultivate a real talent for the At this point, Shandong University, to do very well, mechanical professional teachers teaching the basic theoretical knowledge but also teach the most advanced knowledge, and according to China's specific national conditions and arrangements for the plan most suitable for mountain college students, so that Hill College full and comprehensive development, so that after graduation they contribute to the motherland
Mechanical engineering, machinery and power generation with a relevant engineering Machinery and equipment industry is to provide the basis for the national economy, industry, the development of science and technology with a (This the most important and must be translated) Mechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology based on the theory, combined with technical experience in the production practice, research and resolve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues (This is also very important) Mechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology based on the theory, combined with technical experience in the production practice, research and resolve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues Machinery of modern society the five elements of production and services (people, money, energy, materials and machinery) of, and participation in energy and materials (This is more important) My father was in 1984 and graduated from Shandong University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering, and then assigned to the machinery factory A child I often see him inside the factory of his work for him after work, at the time of the machine had a strong By then my father for my education, I learned that engineering profession, it is a good combination of theory and practice of professional, not only have a wealth of theoretical knowledge, but also have a strong practical ability and practical ability, to the the use of learned to do a perfect My father once said to me: "School of Engineering who not only smart, but also have superior practical " From then on, I set out to study engineering, studied mechanical Now, after these days in Shandong University, studying mechanical engineering knowledge, I have a more profound Shandong University, students of mechanical engineering education in the footsteps of Shandong University of Technology, under the premise of education, combined with the 21st century, facing new situations, through a series of reforms, developed a unique teaching Shandong University, trained to professional students can adapt to mechanical needs of the community, promote social progress and contribute to Mechanical engineering students, and all engineering majors, not only taught by professional teachers a wealth of theoretical knowledge, as well as specific practical courses, requirements to practice engineering training In addition, one year before graduation, the school will organize the students to the factory specialized training to fully understand the actual situation, to know how to properly apply the knowledge and strengthen their ability in In addition, through these years of understanding and information through Internet I understand that China's overseas engineering students engineering education and health education there are still many Although with these different, but this is because different countries have different national conditions of the University of each block, while in line with international standards, but also according to their national conditions to determine which specific educational programs to cultivate a real talent for the At this point, Shandong University, to do very well, mechanical professional teachers teaching the basic theoretical knowledge but also teach the most advanced knowledge, and according to China's specific national conditions and arrangements for the plan most suitable for mountain college students, so that Hill College full and comprehensive development, so that after graduation they contribute to the
有一篇施工监控的论文，你查收一下吧，希望对你有用！
Study the summary in methodology of building project management: The construction project is a plentiful, most typical " project ", practice of building project management is one of the important origins of the management theory of the project, the project management theory of merging the system of the practical experience of the project management has offered the theory tool for building project management, so as to build project management day by day systematizedly, Keyword: Project management Project1, Proposition and current situation survey project management of problem become one modern society solve effective tool a kind of job qualification of " lump-sum problem ", employ and develop in the social affairs, economic course rapidly extensively, lie in it offers a new The modern social total supply and demand is increasing constantly, economic globalization, information-based trend are being strengthened day by day, development accelerates, the course is complicated, new trade, field are appearing constantly, products development period is shortened, cause more and more " disposable ", appearance of task that have no precedent to follow, especially the governments of enterprises and the social public affairs of management, face complicated various problems from the market and domestic and international affairs day by day even more, there are more and more factor, the interests main body involved, these management with regular problem is difficult to solve or solve satisfactorily, And the project office procedures from fields such as construction project and military, space exploration, are promoted as management theory of the project and thought, have offered and solved the unconventional problem means in social economic Can think, development and application of the project management lie in its It is a thing in recent years that it is popularized that the project management is popularized in China extensively, in the ascendant, and the focal point which we introduce, popularize, should not be tedious theory, concept, procedure, and should be the concise, applicable, effective No matter how economic structure changes, project construction is still the main carriers of economic development of our In the well-off society of comprehensive construction at present of our country, develop the Northwest, revitalize the background of the Northeast, important means that project construction becomes a lot of regional economy and Some city put forward slogan of " event revitalize city " Mainly depend on the new scientific and technological application of results, rely on the intension type to expand, depend on the situation of the knowledge innovation in economic progress, it is not a means to revitalize the economy suitable by extensive type project construction, our country has been paying the enormous cost for the fault of the investment decision all the time too, so utilize the scientific method to manage construction project, including assess, prove, important terms that project construction will you please achieve the nticipated The office procedure of the project is not only a concrete method, but also include the The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Party Central Committee of the party puts forward the human-oriented, sustainable scientific development view, " human-oriented ", " sustainable " a basic content is the developing in harmony of science and technology, the economy, environment, society, project construction is done in order to develop the economic important means, not merely costly, have to surrounding environment influence more, so must meet sustainably and coordinating the demand for development, this is one of the important guidelines of project management Methodology is the study on Comprehensive construction well-off society, develop the Northwest, revitalize the Northeast realistic background might raise the upsurge of new round of engineering construction, sustainable and developing the scientific development view in harmony and proposing the macro-control sure to restrict to project construction, this should implement on the method to build project The purpose of project management not only realizes the concrete goal (time limit, quality, expenses), should accomplish the coordination of project construction and environment, the society too, otherwise may have followed the investment fault, unwise track of an overturned cart out of control in the This is that an office procedure of a project rises to one of the meanings of " methodology " The theory of the project management can be already said to be very complete so far, this not merely displays if the emergence of various project management books (including translating) in the rich and varied theory achievement, display and have one's own " knowledge system " in this field even more, if the project management association of USA (PMI) put forward in 1987 and " managerial knowledge system of the project " that revised through 1996, 2000, the international project management association put out" administrative staff's ability basis of the project " in 1997, China pairs of law research association project management research committee put out" managerial knowledge system, event of China, " on 2001 Every knowledge system described above divides the managerial knowledge of the project into several fields, key element, module, knowledge system of China have " method and tool " concept, other system independent special topic about the method, but run through at each stages of project management, course, Various project management works lay particular emphasis on the argumentation at project management content, stage, procedure, organizing, more too, the special argumentation to the method is Certainly this does not mean the neglect of the method, summary, concentrate on, study with improving project management role of popularization and application to facilitate project management give full play to in 2, Time limit when the level narrowly-defined project management of the office procedure of the construction project is being limited, quality, expense go on comprehensive management to the project by realizing the predeterminated target of event in the goal, but this only management that project construct, influence, strengthen with scale of investment, enlargement, investment source diversification, project of field to environment, economy, project management has not been limited to implementing the course yet, but expand to and safeguard overall management from setting up to making available to the users, implementation of project develop from constructing and contracting to project management too, project always person who contract various As to a concrete project, its goal has already not merely been control in quality, time limit, expenses, with capital collection, risk analysis, use, it maintains to be and economy, environment, connected with where one occurs ground, the goal, management of the projects should all be considered according to " broad sense " Unless the project management one method, besides concrete methods technical,whose name is to before and after appraisal of issue extend, take, consider sustainable, coordinated development that central authorities put forward, reflect thought In sum, this text divides the office procedure of the project into two levels: Ideological content method and technical method, in other words, project management thought and 3, Ideological content method to build project management
大家都知道 翻译的3个境界是信，达，雅。还分笔译和口译，要求不一样的。笔译可以慢慢推敲，怎么翻更好，我看china daily上面很多句子都很到位。有很多复杂的句型，被动啊，动宾结构转形容词+名结构。很漂亮。但是口译不需要如此。多用短语结构。少用生僻的单词。多注意中国特色的词的翻译。多翻翻就会熟能生巧了。小生正好在考中级口译，也算有点心得体会吧。老师也讲过很多技巧，什么省略译法，怎么断层啊。我也不是都明白。看feeling
具体如下：1、被拒稿，我们分两点来说：一是文章的质量差。有的期刊退稿的话可能会给文章提出一些修改意见，有的期刊是没有的。被退稿后，建议跟编辑部打电话联系一下，询问被退稿的原因。只有找到原因，我们才能够有的放矢。二是文章的方向不符合刊物的要求。这个就跟文章的质量没有多大关系了，可能文章质量很高，但是不符合期刊的选题就凉凉了。这种情况下我们换刊重投就OK了。2、修改论文内容主要指对论文引用的材料增加、删节或调整; 材料是文章中的"血肉"，它是证明观点的论据，是论点成立的依托。那么对选用材料的基本要求是：一是必要，即选用说明观点的材料;二是真实，即所用的材料必须符合实际，准确可靠;三是合适，即材料引用要恰当，不多不少，恰到好处。在修改论文中，要看引用的材料是否确凿有力;是否有出处；是否能相互配合说明论点；是否发挥了论证的力量;是否合乎逻辑；是否具有说服力。要把不足的材料补足，要把空泛的陈旧的平淡的材料加以调换；要把不实的材料和与主题无关的材料坚决删除。3、修改论文结构结构是论文表现形式的重要因素，是论文内容的组织安排。结构的好坏，直接关系着论文内容的表达效果。结构的调整和校正，关系着全文的布局和安排。调整结构，要求理顺思想，检查论文中心是否突出，层次是否清楚，段落划分是否合适，开头、结尾、过渡照应如何，全文是否构成一个完整的严密的整体。调整的原则和要求，是要有利于突出中心论点，服务于表现中心论点。4、修改语言和标点语言是表达思想的工具，要使论文写得准确、简洁、生动，就不能不在语言运用上反复推敲修改。
我觉得在留学中介做翻译的那些东西都有自己的一定模式和技巧。比如说推荐信，无论是校方推荐信还是公司推荐信等，都有自己大概的模式。翻译这些东西的时候，开始可能会觉得生疏和有点困难，但是翻译久了，你头脑中自然有一种模式，翻译的时候就只要把这些模式用上去，相应的修改对应部分的信息。至于口译方面的东西，我个人觉得是应该多听，多说。各个国家的发音其实都存在差别，和不同地区的人交谈时，你会发现都有各个国家的口音。要注意的东西自然就是在翻译的时候要仔细耐心了。比如留学中的姓名，性别以及护照信息等都要很仔细，因为我觉得如果这些出错了的话，学生很有可能会因为信息不一致会遭到拒签。
技术的英文是technology。technology 音标：英[tekˈnɒlədʒi] 美[tekˈnɑːlədʒi] 详细释义： 技术; 科技; 工艺; 工程技术; 技术学; 工艺学; 技术型机器(或设备);短语搭配：information technology 情报科学，信息工程，信息技术computer technology 电脑技术high technology 高技术例句：1、Britain is behind Japan in developing modern 在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。2、He majors in engine technology in this 他在这所学院主修发动机工艺。3、They are studying chemical 他们在研究化学工艺学。近义词：technique
技术的英文是：词语分析：音标：英 [tek'nɒlədʒi] 美 [tek'nɑːlədʒi] 技术；工艺；工艺学短语：apply advanced technology 采用先进技术export〔transfer〕 technology to developing countries 转移技术给发展中国家例句：The government saw the introduction of new technology as 政府认为引进新技术至关重要。Britain is behind Japan in developing modern 在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。He majors in engine technology in this 他在这所学院主修发动机工艺。They are studying chemical 他们在研究化学工艺学。词语用法：technology正常解释为“科技和工业的生产过程和技巧”；a technique中technique为名词，表示“做某事的一种方法”。
Go the way of scientific and technological innovation Achieve China sports dreams
The Olympic Games are the world's sports event, the show is a stage I have charisma, social harmony and civilized decency, green health is our slogan; high-tech \ affluent life, the outlook is positive and progressive development of a symbol of our nation! Olympics will be China Demonstrate to the world, the Olympic Games will also lead the world's attention in C A great Olympic Games, and a great nation, great soul song, a great need for teachers to As an English teacher, I am concerned about the Olympics, even in the heart of China's future English as a stage for China to the world the tools, great, Guojiminsheng relations, the relations of small personal Therefore, one of English teachers English is the duty of every citizens of sharp weapons, to fight the international 's Great teachers is not powerful, were significantly Wanshi, but in the quiet dedication, watering to Manyuan Spring, filled with people of Today, at this stage, I feel an upsurge of emotion and did not expect, I will have the opportunity, in one voice on stage love letter; Fangcun a place near the Olympic After today, I will once again return to the podium to do my beverage A little-known teachers, thousands of students into the English heart, the spirit of the Olympic torch from generation to generation Would like 桃李满天下the day and become a strong and prosperous motherland prosperity, standing at the top of the world!
《科学引文索引》(Science Citation Index, SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，其覆盖生命科学、临床医学、物理化学、农业、生物、兽医学、工程技术等方面的综合性检索刊物，尤其能反映自然科学研究的学术水平，是目前国际上三大检索系统中最著名的一种，其中以生命科学及医学、化学、物理所占比例最大,收录范围是当年国际上的重要期刊，尤其是它的引文索引表现出独特的科学参考价值，在学术界占有重要地位。许多国家和地区均以被SCI收录及引证的论文情况来作为评价学术水平的一个重要指标。从SCI的严格的选刊原则及严格的专家评审制度来看，它具有一定的客观性，较真实地反映了论文的水平和质量。根据SCI收录及被引证情况，可以从一个侧面反映学术水平的发展情况。特别是每年一次的SCI论文排名成了判断一个学校科研水平的一个十分重要的标准。SCI以《期刊目次》(Current Content)作为数据源，目前自然科学数据库有五千多种期刊，其中生命科学辑收录1350种；工程与计算机技术辑收录1030种；临床医学辑收990种；农业、生物环境科学辑收录950种；物理、化学和地球科学辑收录900种期刊。各种版本收录范围不尽相同： 印刷版(SCI) 双月刊 3,500种 联机版(SciSearch) 周更新 5,600种 光盘版(带文摘)(SCICDE) 月更新 3,500种(同印刷版) 网络版(SCIExpanded) 周更新 5,600种(同联机版) 上世纪80年代末由南京大学最先将SCI引入科研评价体系。主要基于两个原因，一是当时处于转型期，国内学术界存在各种不正之风，缺少一个客观的评价标准；二是某些专业国内专家很少，国际上通行的同行评议不现实。 “SCI目前已成为衡量国内大学、科研机构和科学工作者学术水平的最重要的甚至是惟一尺度”。 然而SCI原本只是一种强大的文献检索工具。它不同于按主题或分类途径检索文献的常规做法，而是设置了独特的“引文索引”，即将一篇文献作为检索词，通过收录其所引用的参考文献和跟踪其发表后被引用的情况来掌握该研究课题的来龙去脉，从而迅速发现与其相关的研究文献。“越查越旧，越查越新，越查越深”这是科学引文索引建立的宗旨。SCI是一个客观的评价工具，但它只能作为评价工作中的一个角度，不能代表被评价对象的全部。因此，部分科研工作者将SCI戏称为STUPID CHINESE IDEA。 SCI收录的中国期刊 （2006） 出版地 收录库 刊名 刊期 ISSN 影响因子 中国大陆 SCI ACTA CHIMICA SINICA《化学学报》（中文版） 半月刊 0567-7351 643 中国大陆 SCI ACTA MECHANICA SINICA《力学学报》（英文版） 双月刊 0567-7718 587 中国大陆 SCI ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA《中国药理学报》（英文版） 月刊 1671-4083 884 中国大陆 SCI ACTA PHYSICA SINICA《物理学报》（中文版） 月刊 1000-3290 130 中国大陆 SCI CELL RESEARCH《细胞研究》（英文版） 双月刊 1001-0602 729 中国大陆 SCI CHEMICAL JOURNAL OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES-CHINESE《高等学校化学学报》（中文版） 月刊 0251-0790 796 中国大陆 SCI CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY《中国化学》（英文版） 双月刊 1001-604X 592 中国大陆 SCI CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL《中华医学杂志》（英文版） 月刊 0366-6999 393 中国大陆 SCI CHINESE PHYSICS《中国物理》(物理学报一海外版) （英文版） 月刊 1009-1963 347 中国大陆 SCI CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS《中国物理快报》（英文版） 月刊 0256-307X 095 中国大陆 SCI CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN《科学通报》（英文版） 半月刊 1001-6538 593 中国大陆 SCI COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS《理论物理通讯》（英文版） 月刊 0253-6102 666 中国大陆 SCI EPISODES《地质幕》（英文版） 季刊 0705-3797 020 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES A-MATHEMATICS《中国科学A辑》（英文版） 双月刊 1006-9283 247 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES B-CHEMISTRY《中国科学B辑》（英文版） 双月刊 1006-9291 541 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES C-LIFE SCIENCES《中国科学C辑》（英文版） 双月刊 1006-9305 440 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES《中国科学D辑》（英文版） 月刊 1006-9313 801 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES《中国科学E辑》（英文版） 双月刊 1006-9321 355 中国大陆 SCI SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES G-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY《中国科学G辑》（英文版） 双月刊 1672-1799 未知 中国香港 SCI JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 月刊 0929-6646 418 中国台湾 SCI BOTANICAL BULLETIN OF ACADEMIA SINICA 季刊 0006-8063 506 中国台湾 SCI CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 双月刊 0577-9073 372 中国台湾 SCI CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 季刊 0304-4920 143 中国台湾 SCI JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY 双月刊 0009-4536 475 中国台湾 SCI JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 双月刊 0368-1653 268
朋友你好，直接往要投的报刊的电子邮箱投稿即可。根据我多年从事文字工作的经验，我认为：如果投稿更有针对性，命中率会更高一些。这就关系到，你是哪里的？干什么的？写的稿件是什么体裁？什么内容？如果说投稿的话，最好投当地的报刊、网络或者是你从事的职业报刊发表，要投哪个媒体首先要研究哪个媒体，看它需要什么内容、什么体裁、什么格式的稿件，“对症下药”，这样会更轻松一些、方便一些，命中率会更高一些。如果你能够告诉我你的具体情况（干什么工作，哪里的，写的小说的大致内容等），我可以给你一些建议。我1993年开始在部队时开始发表各类文章，包括：报告文学、新闻、诗歌、散文、小说、评论等体裁的，到目前，先后在《人民日报》《法制日报》《农民日报》《中国文化报》《法制文萃》《半月谈》《解放军报》《中国国防报》《中国绿色时报》《中国日报》《中国教育报》《人民公安报》《中国交通报》《中国安全生产报》《中国转业军官》《中国人事》《道路交通管理》等报刊发表的大约5000篇左右吧，有40多篇获奖。另外：投稿时，第一要有信心，第二要投对报刊媒体，这两点非常重要。祝你成功！
不会
你把你参考的文献导出格式就好了，后面的一串字母啥的都有，你复制粘贴就可以了，请教一下师哥师姐啥的，其实没有那么复杂的
J——期刊文章M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著）参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告 非纸张型载体电子文献，在参考文献标识中同时标明其载体类型： DB/OL——联机网上的数据库 DB/MT——磁带数据库 M/CD——光盘图书 CP/DK——磁盘软件 J/OL——网上期刊 EB/OL——网上电子公告 一、参考文献著录格式 1 、期刊作者．题名〔J〕．刊名，出版年，卷(期)∶起止页码 2、 专著作者．书名〔M〕．版本(第一版不著录)．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码 3、 论文集作者．题名〔C〕．编者．论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码 4 、学位论文作者．题名〔D〕．保存地点．保存单位．年份 5 、专利文献题名〔P〕．国别．专利文献种类．专利号．出版日期 6、 标准编号．标准名称〔S〕 7、 报纸作者．题名〔N〕．报纸名．出版日期(版次) 8 、报告作者．题名〔R〕．保存地点．年份 9 、电子文献作者．题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕．文献出处，日期 二、文献类型及其标识 1、根据GB3469 规定，各类常用文献标识如下： ①期刊〔J〕 ②专著〔M〕 ③论文集〔C〕 ④学位论文〔D〕 ⑤专利〔P〕 ⑥标准〔S〕 ⑦报纸〔N〕 ⑧技术报告〔R〕 2、电子文献载体类型用双字母标识，具体如下： ①磁带〔MT〕 ②磁盘〔DK〕 ③光盘〔CD〕 ④联机网络〔OL〕 3、电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识方法为：〔文献类型标识/载体类型标识〕。例如： ①联机网上数据库〔DB/OL〕 ②磁带数据库〔DB/MT〕 ③光盘图书〔M/CD〕 ④磁盘软件〔CP/DK〕 ⑤网上期刊〔J/OL〕 ⑥网上电子公告〔EB/OL〕 三、举例 1、期刊论文 〔1〕周庆荣，张泽廷，朱美文，等．固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度〔J〕．化工学报，1995(3)：317—323 〔2〕Dobbs J M, Wong J M Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polor coselvent〔J〕 Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56 〔3〕刘仲能，金文清合成医药中间体4-甲基咪唑的研究〔J〕精细化工，2002(2)：103-105 〔4〕 Mesquita A C, Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al ． Vinyl acetate polymerization by ionizing radiation〔J〕．Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2002, 63:465 2、专著 〔1〕蒋挺大．亮聚糖〔M〕．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．127 〔2〕Kortun G． Reflectance Spectroscopy〔M〕． New York: Spring-Verlag,1969 3、论文集 〔1〕郭宏，王熊，刘宗林．膜分离技术在大豆分离蛋白生产中综合利用的研究〔C〕．//余立新．第三届全国膜和膜过程学术报告会议论文集．北京：高教出版社，1999．421-425 〔2〕Eiben A E, vander Hauw J K．Solving 3-SAT with adaptive genetic algorithms 〔C〕．//Proc 4th IEEE Conf Evolutionary Computation．Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1997．81-86 4、学位论文 〔1〕陈金梅．氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究（D）．西安：西安建筑科学大学，2000 〔 2 〕 Chrisstoffels L A J ． Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry〔D〕．The Netherland：Twente University．1988 5、专利文献 〔1〕Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Yoshida,et al．Paper Coating composition〔P〕．EP 0634524．1995-01-18 〔 2 〕 仲前昌夫， 佐藤寿昭． 感光性树脂〔 P 〕． 日本， 特开平09-26667．1997-01-28 〔3〕Yamaguchi K, Hayashi A．Plant growth promotor and productionthereof 〔P〕．Jpn, Jp1290606． 1999-11-22 〔4〕厦门大学．二烷氨基乙醇羧酸酯的制备方法〔P〕．中国发明专利，CN1073429．1993-06-23 6、技术标准文献 〔1〕ISO 1210-1982，塑料——小试样接触火焰法测定塑料燃烧性〔S〕 〔2〕GB 2410-80，透明塑料透光率及雾度实验方法〔S〕 7、报纸 〔1〕陈志平．减灾设计研究新动态〔N〕．科技日报，1997-12-12(5) 8、报告 〔1〕中国机械工程学会．密相气力输送技术〔R〕．北京：1996 9、电子文献 〔1〕万锦柔．中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993)〔DB/CD〕．北京：中国百科全书出版社，1996
根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告 非纸张型载体电子文献，在参考文献标识中同时标明其载体类型： DB/OL——联机网上的数据库 DB/MT——磁带数据库 M/CD——光盘图书 CP/DK——磁盘软件 J/OL——网上期刊 EB/OL——网上电子公告 扩展资料常用的单字母标识英文全写如下：M = Monograph / Book 专著J = Journal / magazine 期刊C = (Article) Collections 论文集D = Dissertation / Thesis 学位论文P = Patents 专利N = Newspapers 报纸S = Standards 标准编号R = Reports 技术报告