[1]彭吉象艺术学概论[M]北京:北京大学出版社,[2]冯友兰中国哲学简史[M]天津:天津社会科学院出版社,[3]张法中国艺术_历程与精神[M]北京:中国人民大学出版社,[5]王瑞成、宋清秀中国文化简史[M]上海:上海文艺出版社,[6]贺西林、赵力中国美术史简编[M]北京:高等教育出版社,[7]中央美术学院人文学院美术史系、外国美术史教研室外国美术简史[M]北京:中国青年出版社[8]孔六庆中国画艺术专史_花鸟卷[M]南昌:江西美术出版社,[9]陈传席中国绘画美学史[M]北京:人民美术出版社,
参考文献格式：（大多数学校通行应用）书籍类例子：陈非侬。粤剧六十年【M】。香港：大象出版社，1982:31。 （作者）（书名）（类型字母）（出版地）（出版社）（出版时间）（页码）期刊类例子：储安平。评翁文灏内阁【J】。观察，1948（15）：4。 （文章名） （期刊名）（年份）（期数）（页码）报纸类例子：杜光埙。立法院集会以后【N】。中央日报，1948—5—10。 （年）（月）（日）网上资料例子：李四。立法院【EB】。网址。 PS：举例中的句号应该为英文字母的句号，是实心的，在这里为了你能够看清楚，所以才用中文的句号显示，如果用得上这些格式就最好了……
绘画，是一种艺术表现形式，绘画活动是幼儿身心得到全面发展，培养幼儿创造能力和高尚情操的重要手段。孩子们乐于用画画来表现自己的感受和内心意愿，在创作中发挥潜能，建立自信，享受成功。 绘画是一种表现创作活动，有着很多的想象创作空间。幼儿园的绘画作品虽然没有什么特殊的艺术价值，但绘画本身却对儿童的感知能力、记忆能力、想象能力的发展起着重要的促进作用。由此可见，绘画在幼儿健康成长过程中的作用是不可低估的，合理组织教育活动，科学辅导幼儿绘画就更显得重要了。培养儿童的创造力，它要求教师改变传统的教学观，教师应该充分利用幼儿喜欢绘画这一特点，有目的、有计划地引导幼儿，开展创造性绘画活动，让幼儿将观察到的事物，赋予美好的情感去联想、加工，并以幼儿独有的表达方式表现出来，从而活跃幼儿的创造性思维，发展幼儿的智力。如在何绘画活动中发展幼儿的创造力呢？我进行了一些探索，有以下几方面体会：一、丰富幼儿的生活经验是创造性绘画的基础。绘画活动是幼儿对现实生活的再创造，要引导幼儿在绘画中发展创造力，首先要给孩子提供丰富的生活经验，没有丰富的生活经验做创造的基础，创造就成了无米之炊，闭门造车，孩子们除了模仿老师没有其他办法。生活中，我们带领幼儿接触博物馆展览馆、公园、动物园、商店等地方，要让幼儿通过观察积累，在大脑中储存各种表象，要了解太阳、小草，大树、房屋、各种小动物等等，结合具体环境用生动的语言描述所感知的对象、用启发性的语言引导幼儿思考、想象，引导他们有顺序地感知事物、景象的色彩、形态，帮助幼儿在头脑中储存大量的表象，使幼儿在创造性绘画中能够依靠头脑中的表象进行再造想象、创造想象。例如：我们在室外游戏时，可以有目的的引导幼儿观察大树，了解树由树干、树枝和叶子组成，树叶是绿的，树干是咖啡色的。在讲完故事聪明的乌龟后，拿出乌龟的图片，让幼儿认识乌龟，知道乌龟的形状、特征和习性。只有孩子们的脑海里有了各种事物的生动表象，才能使孩子们在绘画活动中能依靠头脑中的这些事物，来把自己对生活的真实情感来表达出来。比如孩子想画小鱼，孩子知道小鱼是生活在水里的小动物，脑海里有鱼的形态、特征，这样才有利于幼儿创作绘画作品，不会一味的模仿范画，限制幼儿想象力、创造力的发展。在日常生活中，让幼儿多亲近自然，多参加户外活动，通过各种活动丰富幼儿的经验和创作灵感，让幼儿在生活中学会随机观察，丰富自己的视野，积累观察和分析事物的能力，让各种美好的体验保存在头脑中，为绘画创作提供了源泉和基础。二、绘画内容的选择要留给幼儿想象的空间。绘画内容的选择是极为重要的，如果说老师给幼儿的创作内容，所提的要求限制了幼儿可能有的想象，幼儿的创造力便无从发挥。所以，内容的选择要给幼儿留下想象的空间是创造性绘画的前提。我们遵循这一原则，从幼儿的兴趣出发，为幼儿选择了"未来的汽车"、"小树叶的旅行"、"会变的图形"、"手的造型联想"等幼儿感兴趣的绘画内容，效果都不错。如在"小树叶的旅行"这个内容中，一片小树叶随着风儿来到了天空、海洋、城市，绘画的内容便是请小朋友们帮助小树叶实现它的愿望-小树叶变成什么便可以停留在它旅行过的地方。孩子们展开了想象的翅膀，纷纷说变成云彩、小鸟、飞机、轮船、鱼、汽车、高楼．．．．．．于是，一幅幅新奇的作品诞生在孩子们的笔下。在"未来的汽车"创作中，有的孩子给汽车装上了自动翅膀和螺旋桨，汽车可以在天空和海洋中自由行驶；有的孩子还设计了"我的房子汽车"可以把家安在任何地方．．．．．．这种留有创造空间的内容为孩子提供了想象依据，孩子不是凭空想象，不受物象的限制，可以自由的发挥，没有"对"与"错""像"与"不像"的局限，从而能更大胆地表现，发挥了幼儿的潜能。三、不设固定绘画模式，允许幼儿自由创作。绘画活动是一种创造活动，教师的任务就是引导、启发、鼓励幼儿创造新异的作品。然而，在我们现在的美术教育中却有很多人走入了热心教孩子画模仿画的误区。幼儿喜欢模仿示范也是幼儿绘画教育中必不可少的一种方法但在幼儿绘画过程中面面俱到，先画哪一笔，后画哪一笔，让幼儿照抄的示范，不但会造成幼儿消极模仿和绘画依赖性，而且会形成画法上的保守，构图造型上的固定模式，抑制幼儿创造力的发展。因此，教学过程中，我多以意愿画形式为主，因为我们并不是用绘画去教幼儿画画，而应为他们提供用绘画工具进行自我表现的机会，使其在绘画活动中产生自主精神它将鼓励幼儿去观察、去思考、去发现、去创造。如：在参观动物园之后，我组织幼儿绘画"可爱的动物"，并为幼儿准备了不同的画笔颜料和纸张，让幼儿根据自己的兴趣自由选择为幼儿创设了一个自由创造的天地。一位幼儿画了一只长有很多腿的乌龟，他说这样乌龟就可以跑得很快了；另一位幼儿画了几只头在水里的天鹅，他说天鹅看见许多小朋友都在看她们，不好意思了，就把头伸进了水里；还有的小朋友把老虎画得很小很小，原因是老虎长得小，就不敢吃别的小动物了。多么有趣的想象呀！幼儿正是有了这样一个自由创造的天地，所以，他们敢大胆地去想象，去表达自己的情感。绘画中，幼儿的想象往往带有很大的随意性和夸张性，并常常会遇到困难，教师要及时地加以引导，并适当给予必要的技能技巧的指导。
按你老师的要求，你应该结合毕业创作来写毕业论文，这样才能避免空谈和过于高深的理论。外人给不了你太多的帮助。把毕业创作和毕业论文结合起来效果最好，彼此互补，相得益彰。
多查找资料就行
按你老师的要求，你应该结合毕业创作来写毕业论文，这样才能避免空谈和过于高深的理论。外人给不了你太多的帮助。把毕业创作和毕业论文结合起来效果最好，彼此互补，相得益彰。
了解作品的创作背景及作者当时绘画的心境和生活条件，还可以从作者的绘画风格分析作品，体会作者的创作意图和所想表达的艺术情感，加上自己对作品创作源泉的理解和猜想，进一步引出作品的真实创作背景，最后写上自己对作品的喜爱（尽量写对作品的喜爱）
art
Gongbi:The opposite of the interpretive and freely expressive xieyi (写意 ‘sketching thoughts’) The name is from the Chinesegong chin meaning ‘tidy’ (meticulous brush craftsmanship) The gongbi technique uses highly detailed brushstrokes that delimits details very precisely and without independent or expressive It is often highly coloured and usually depicts figural or narrative History:The gongbi style had its beginnings approximately 2000 years ago during the Han Dynasty (206 BC -220 AD) when Han's political stability and its prosperity favored the advancement of the These paintings peaked out between the Tang and Song Dynasties (7th to 13th centuries) when these refined paintings were endorsed and collected by the royal families of C The gongbi artists to perfect this style must totally commit themselves to these Only the wealthy could afford such This style of art was accomplished in secret in royal palaces and private Process of the craft:Gongbi requires drawing with fine lines first to represent the exaggerated likenesses of the objects, and then adds washes of ink and color layer by layer, so as to approach the perfection of exquisiteness and fine
“美术”的英语：art 读音： 英[ɑ:t] 美[ɑ:rt] 名词： 艺术， 艺术作品， （需要技术、工艺的） 行业，文艺（包括绘画、雕塑、建筑、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、文学等） 不及物动词：thou art 即 you are,对一人讲话时用; 形容词： 艺术的; 艺术品的， （为） 艺术家的，具有艺术性的 复数：arts[例句]1、Can you divorce life from art? 你能使生活与艺术脱离吗?2、He excels in art and 他擅长艺术和音乐。3、Politics cannot be equated with 政治不能同艺术等同起来。4、Art is the distillation of 艺术是现实生活的升华。5、She is interested in art concreted with 她对与自然融合的艺术很感兴趣。根据具体问题类型，进行步骤拆解／原因原理分析／内容拓展等。具体步骤如下：／导致这种情况的原因主要是……参考资料百度汉语百度汉语[引用时间2017-12-25]
The Art of China Reseached by Cynthia Have you ever seen paper decorating ladies hair? Well, China has an art form called papercuts that does just Chinese civilization began more than 4000 years The earliest art forms would use rock and stone for art because they didn’t know to use metal Later there was the Bronze Age, Stone Age, Neolithic or New Stone A There were many different dynasties like the T’ang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin Dynasty were a few Influence Chinese arts are influenced by three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and B Another major influence was The three major kinds of subject they liked to paint were birds, flowers, and landscapes from the All the religions stress love for All landscape painters tried to get a feeling of the human spirit and the strength of the wind, water, mist and Painting became an art form more than 2000 years ago then influenced the later Art Forms Chinese arts come in many different forms such as: painting, folk arts, silk, calligraphy, pottery, sculpture, metal arts and Chinese papercuts were created around the first century in AD The Chinese invented paper, which was very important for It first started in the Tang D People then would hang them up to decorate windows, houses, clothes and even ladies In these thin and fragile papercuts, they would create animals, aerobics, Buddha, opera faces and other Sculptures were made of many different materials: stone, jade, lacquer, wood, metal, clay, They weren’t only for admiring but they were used as everyday items like a wine bucket, mirrors, pottery, and A famous example is the sculptures of the Terra cotta They were buried with the body of an emperor to protect the emperor in his Paintings became an art form more than 2000 years The Chinese painted emperors, landscape and zodiac animals, flowers, ladies, and Chinese have three thousand years of history of painting starting from 600 AD T’ang dynasty to the 20th century Process and Material The Chinese used many materials such as medal, bronze, lacquer, jade, clay, silk, and They made the most flexible of material… Chinese people used jade to make mirrors and clay and stone to make pottery and At a ceremony they would use bronze to make wine vessels in animal The process of a statue in a human figure is molded The front and back has to be made Then the two sides would be put Subject and Style Chinese arts cover a very broad range of In papercuts they like to cut Buddhas, opera faces, animals, flowers, children, and Sometimes in their painting they would use black and white, having one object with each One of their favorite subjects was They believed that the spirit of nature gives life to everything, so if painting nature the painter must capture the feeling of Zodiac animals, landscapes, opera faces, figure painting, mountains, and cranes, which were a symbol for long life, were popular subjects for their Emperors and their court was an another important subject for Chinese art began more than 4000 years We still appreciate the hard work artists did back We visit the museum to look at the magnificent artwork done long The Chinese culture hasn’t changed much, but their art is prized in museums around the 艺术中国 Reseached by Cynthia reseached由辛西娅 Have you ever seen paper decorating ladies hair? 你见过纸装点女士们的头发？ Well, China has an art form called papercuts that does just 那么，中国有一种艺术形式，所谓papercuts但这只是。 Chinese civilization began more than 4000 years 中华文明始于4000多年前。 The earliest art forms would use rock and stone for art because they didn’t know to use metal 最早的艺术形式，将利用岩石和石头艺术，因为他们不知道使用金属。 Later there was the Bronze Age, Stone Age, Neolithic or New Stone A 后来有青铜器时代，石器时代 ， 新石器时代或新的石器时代。 There were many different dynasties like the T’ang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin Dynasty were a few 有很多不同的朝代，如唐朝，周人，秦人的几个朝代。 Influence 影响力 Chinese arts are influenced by three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and B 中国艺术受到三大宗教：儒教，道教和佛教。 Another major influence was 另一个重大影响是本质。 The three major kinds of subject they liked to paint were birds, flowers, and landscapes from the 三大各类主体，他们喜欢把油漆的鸟类，花卉和景观，从乡下。 All the religions stress love for 各教应力热爱大自然。 All landscape painters tried to get a feeling of the human spirit and the strength of the wind, water, mist and 所有山水画尝试的一种感觉，人的精神和力量的风，水，薄雾和山区。 Painting became an art form more than 2000 years ago then influenced the later 绘画成为一种艺术形式，两千多年前的影响，那么，后来的画家。 Art Forms 艺术形式 Chinese arts come in many different forms such as: painting, folk arts, silk, calligraphy, pottery, sculpture, metal arts and 中国艺术来，在许多不同的形式，如：绘画，民间艺术，丝绸，书法，陶艺，雕塑，金属艺术和papercuts 。 Chinese papercuts were created around the first century in AD The Chinese invented paper, which was very important for 中文papercuts创造了大约一世纪，在专案，中国发明了纸，这是很重要的papercuts 。 It first started in the Tang D 它首先发端于唐代。 People then would hang them up to decorate windows, houses, clothes and even ladies 于是人们将挂在了装饰窗户，房子 ， 衣服 ， 甚至是女士们的头发。 In these thin and fragile papercuts, they would create animals, aerobics, Buddha, opera faces and other 在这些薄和脆弱papercuts ，会造成动物，健美操，佛像，戏曲面临着与其它学科。 Sculptures were made of many different materials: stone, jade, lacquer, wood, metal, clay, They weren’t only for admiring but they were used as everyday items like a wine bucket, mirrors, pottery, and 雕塑作了许多不同的材料：石器，玉器，漆器，木，金属，粘土等，他们不但为钦佩，但他们被用来作为日常的项目，如葡萄酒水桶，镜子，陶器及锦旗。 A famous example is the sculptures of the Terra cotta 一个著名的例子是雕塑的兵马俑。 They were buried with the body of an emperor to protect the emperor in his 他们被埋葬与身体的是一个皇帝，以保护皇帝，在他的来世。 Paintings became an art form more than 2000 years 绘画成为一种艺术形式，两千多年前。 The Chinese painted emperors, landscape and zodiac animals, flowers, ladies, and 中国画的皇帝，景观和生肖，花卉，女士们，和鸟。 Chinese have three thousand years of history of painting starting from 600 AD T’ang dynasty to the 20 th century 中国有三千年的历史，绘画出发，从600专案唐代到20世纪 Process and Material 工艺和材料 The Chinese used many materials such as medal, bronze, lacquer, jade, clay, silk, and 中国人使用了许多材料，如勋章，铜，漆器，玉器，陶土，丝绸和布匹。 They made the most flexible of material… 他们作出了最灵活的材料…文件。 Chinese people used jade to make mirrors and clay and stone to make pottery and 中国人用玉，使镜子和粘土和石料，使陶器和雕像。 At a ceremony they would use bronze to make wine vessels in animal 在一项仪式中，他们会用青铜作酒器在动物形状。 The process of a statue in a human figure is molded 过程中的一尊塑像，在一个人的数字是模铸分开。 The front and back has to be made 正面与背面有需要作出分裂。 Then the two sides would be put 届时，双方将放在一起。 Subject and Style 主题和风格 Chinese arts cover a very broad range of 中国艺术涵盖的范围十分广泛的学科。 In papercuts they like to cut Buddhas, opera faces, animals, flowers, children, and 在papercuts他们想削减佛像，歌剧的面孔，动物，花卉，儿童和健美操。 Sometimes in their painting they would use black and white, having one object with each 有时是在他们的画，他们会用黑色和白色，有一物体，每种颜色。 One of their favorite subjects was 其中他们最喜欢的科目是自然。 They believed that the spirit of nature gives life to everything, so if painting nature the painter must capture the feeling of 他们认为，这一精神是大自然赋予生命的一切，所以，如果画大自然，画家必须捕捉感觉的性质。 Zodiac animals, landscapes, opera faces, figure painting, mountains, and cranes, which were a symbol for long life, were popular subjects for their 生肖，山水，戏曲的面孔，人物画，山，和起重机，这是一个象征，长寿，很受科目为自己的画作。 Emperors and their court was an another important subject for 皇帝和他们的法院是另一个重要课题，绘画。 Chinese art began more than 4000 years 中国艺术始于4000多年前。 We still appreciate the hard work artists did back 我们仍然感谢辛勤工作的艺术家也不会回来了。 We visit the museum to look at the magnificent artwork done long 我们参观博物馆，看宏伟的艺术品做不久。 The Chinese culture hasn’t changed much, but their art is prized in museums around the 中国文化并没有多大改变，但他们的艺术是珍贵的，在世界各地博物馆中。 （后面是一句英文一句翻译，5分钟要看自己的语速，适当截取）加油！！！
参考文献格式：（大多数学校通行应用）书籍类例子：陈非侬。粤剧六十年【M】。香港：大象出版社，1982:31。 （作者）（书名）（类型字母）（出版地）（出版社）（出版时间）（页码）期刊类例子：储安平。评翁文灏内阁【J】。观察，1948（15）：4。 （文章名） （期刊名）（年份）（期数）（页码）报纸类例子：杜光埙。立法院集会以后【N】。中央日报，1948—5—10。 （年）（月）（日）网上资料例子：李四。立法院【EB】。网址。 PS：举例中的句号应该为英文字母的句号，是实心的，在这里为了你能够看清楚，所以才用中文的句号显示，如果用得上这些格式就最好了……
[1]彭吉象艺术学概论[M]北京:北京大学出版社,[2]冯友兰中国哲学简史[M]天津:天津社会科学院出版社,[3]张法中国艺术_历程与精神[M]北京:中国人民大学出版社,[5]王瑞成、宋清秀中国文化简史[M]上海:上海文艺出版社,[6]贺西林、赵力中国美术史简编[M]北京:高等教育出版社,[7]中央美术学院人文学院美术史系、外国美术史教研室外国美术简史[M]北京:中国青年出版社[8]孔六庆中国画艺术专史_花鸟卷[M]南昌:江西美术出版社,[9]陈传席中国绘画美学史[M]北京:人民美术出版社,
论文文献综述怎么写
根据你所想写的文献做个简单的描述具体可以参考下别人文献综述的结构
回答 您好鸭！很高兴能认识你并能为您解决问题，因为找资料和分析答案需要一定时间的请您耐心等待好吗，有答案我会第一时间给您回复的呢，希望您理解，请您稍等一会儿 文献综述是指作者在确定论文选题时，结合其他文献的观点、研究及发展的方向，最后提出自己独到的见解，还要根据自己对参考文献的认识，进行深入的、系统的、全面的论述和相应的评价。文献综述的字数也需要控制在合理的范围 第一，必须是最新几年的，第二，最具有代表性的。文献综述引用不需要太多，根据各学院要求与自己的论文要求所定，一般为13篇左右。给大家看一下大概框架。 结尾部分也是总结部分，它与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，提出自己的见解并对进一步的发展方向做出预测。 希望我的回答对您有所帮助，感谢您，祝您生活愉快！同时觉得回复很满意的话可以给个赞，谢谢亲！ 提问 一般结尾是多少个字 回答 结尾尽量控制在150个字左右差不多了呢 提问 一般这种参考文献在哪里找啊？ 回答 知乎，还有各大回答的平台，浏览器，百度都可以找到 呢 提问 好的 拜拜 更多10条